Types of economic games for children are a great way to develop mathematical and logical thinking. However, parents should be clearly aware that their types are graded strictly according to age and pursue clearly defined goals.
Use and pleasure are the purpose of economic games
Understanding what economics is and why it is needed is not so easy for children. And the problem is how exactly to teach complex scientific topics in a language understandable for children. In this case, specially designed types of economic games come to the rescue, with which you can have a great time both in the family circle and in the children's team.
What tasks are pursued by the considered types of games?
- First, it is the creation of the child's understanding that in order to get what he wants, it is necessary to make some effort.
- Secondly, the formation of a logical connection "thought-action-result" so that the children clearly understand that in order to achieve their goal, it is necessary to think over the tactics of their behavior and only then implement it.
- Thirdly, the formation of awareness of what money is, how it is received and how you can achieve your goal with its help.
- And finally, fourthly, the formation of links between economic and moral concepts.
The tasks are solved in the children's team, depending on the age of the children.
Games for preschoolers
Speaking about economic games for preschool children, teachers recommend concentrating their attention on 4 blocks:
- human needs and ways to satisfy them;
- professions and their features;
- what is money;
- what you can spend them on and what money cannot buy.
All four blocks are presented to children in the form of games: "Post", "ATM", "Shop", "Farmer",
"Market" and others.
Games for younger students
As for economic games for schoolchildren, teachers offer a slightly different approach. The thing is that they no longer wear an introductory, but an interactive version that encourages the children to be interested in actively participating in economic processes. In this case, the game "Monopoly" is perfect for warm-up, which can become a great gift for a child at fourteen years old or "Megapolis". 
In the team, those games are practiced that are aimed at the joint construction of business models, the formation of investment skills and a deeper disclosure of economic concepts.
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Abstract of the economic game for
preschoolers: KVN "Travel around the country
Economy "
Author: Rossanova Yana Yurievna educator, MADOU "d / s No. 11", Perm
Job description: I offer you an outline of the KVN economic game for
senior preschoolers. This material will be useful for preschool teachers
educational institutions. This outline of a cognitive game aims to
increasing children's interest in acquiring knowledge of economics
Abstract of the economic game: KVN "Travel
by country Economy "
Integration of educational areas: "Cognition",
"Communication",
"Socialization"
Purpose: to increase the interest of older preschoolers in obtaining economic
knowledge
Tasks:
Educational:
teach to work in a team
teach to find a collective answer through discussion
to consolidate the idea of \u200b\u200bchildren about the essence of economic phenomena and concepts,
studied during the year
to consolidate knowledge of riddles, proverbs, sayings studied earlier
to consolidate the ability to play the economic game "Auction"
Developing:
develop economic, logical and non-standard thinking, outlook
Educational:
foster respect for working people who know how to make money
Demonstration material: a poster with the inscription "KVN"; member emblems
teams; "Coins"; didactic games: "Collect the banknote", "Who works, who
playing? "," Who needs what to work? "; lot - "Soft toy" for the game
"Auction
Game progress:
The group is ready for the game is festively decorated, on the central wall
there is a poster with the inscription "KVN"; in the middle are tables for team members.
The song "We are starting KVN" sounds
Queen - Economy: Guys, I came to visit you for a whole year, told
a lot of interesting and informative. And today I want you to please me
their knowledge of economics. I propose to play an economic game - KVN on
the topic "Traveling across the country Economy". Do you agree?
Children: Yes!
The group of children is divided into two teams. Captains are selected.
1 team - "Money"
Team 2 - "Bankers"
1st competition: "Greeting teams"
The motto of the 1st team: "Business time - fun hour"
Team 2 motto: "Do not have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends"
Team members take turns asking riddles:
1. Small, round
Jumps from pocket to pocket (coin)
2. One belly, four ears (wallet)
3. Some of us have a lot, while others do not (money)
4. Guess what it is called,
What kind of money is being sold.
This is not a wonderful gift
And simply - just .... (product)
2nd competition: "Warm-up"
Queen - Economics asks questions to teams in turn, for the correct answer
a team member receives a coin:
1. What is the name of a group of people who are relatives and live
together? (a family)
2. What are the “income” and “expenses” of the family called? (budget)
3. What is the name of the house where the money "lives"? (bank)
4. What is the main human need? (food)
3rd competition: "Captains"
1. "Collect the banknote": the banknote is divided into parts; needs to be assembled from parts
whole banknote
2. "Who is working, who is playing?": Pictures with images of players and
working people, you need to sort the pictures by type of activity
3. "Explain the proverb":
1. "Money is not happiness"
2. "Small business is better than big idleness"
4th competition: "Task for teams"
1. "Find an extra word"
dollar, ruble, Russia, euro
hairdresser, scissors, carpenter, driver
salary, rent, pension, scholarship
sews, saws, protects, tans
2. The game "Who needs what for work?": Cards are handed out (profession -
tools), you need to correctly connect the pictures
3. Solving economic problems:
1. When are boots more expensive: in summer or winter? Why?
2. Which apples can be sold at the same price faster: fresh or
rotten?
3. Where will the Pepsi bottle be more expensive: in the desert or in the north?
4. Cucumbers are sold in two stores: in one store at a price of 5 rubles per 1
kilogram, and in another at a price of 6 rubles per 1 kilogram. Which store will they buy
cucumbers faster? Why?
5. Hares were selling carrots for 6 rubles per kilogram for a whole week. By the end
weeks she lost its presentation: shriveled, began to rot. Nobody bought it.
Advise what to do to hares?
5th competition: Game "Auction"
Queen - Economy: the game is coming to an end, each of you has accumulated a lot
"Coins". I suggest playing the game "Auction".
Queen - The leading economy (auctioneer) holds the Auction. Exposes a lot -
"Soft toy". The player who gives the most money (coins) earned is bought
during the game.
Queen - Economy: now let's sum up the game. Count the number
"Coins" from the team. At the end of the game, the results of KVN are summed up, and
the winners are awarded.
EDUCATIONAL GAMES
ECONOMIC EDUCATION OF CHILDREN-
PRESCHOOL AGE
"Cafe" Tasty and useful "
Purpose: to expand children's knowledge of human nutritional needs, to teach to compare
tasty and healthy products, to form the foundations of economic culture
the personality of the child.
Material: food menu.
The teacher "invites" children to the cafe. Each has a menu on the table with
the image of food. It is proposed to order the most delicious and
useful products, name them and compare which of them can be often used in
food, and which rarely and why.
"Tourist hike"
Purpose: to clarify the knowledge of preschoolers about basic human needs.
Material: cards depicting different things.
Children are divided into three teams, each of which prepares for a hike south, north,
into the desert. Teams can take only those things that will be necessary for them in those
conditions in which they find themselves.
The items shown in the pictures are placed throughout the group room,
team members choose what they think they need most. At the end of the game
the teams check each other and explain their choice.
"Enterprises of our city"
Purpose: to consolidate the knowledge of children about professions, to teach how to establish addiction
between the result of work and the profession of a person, educate
interest in people of different professions, respect for them.
Material: photographs depicting the workshops of various enterprises.
Children are given photographs depicting the workshops of the city's enterprises. Them
it is necessary to name the enterprise, the professions of the people working on it, and
the products they manufacture.
"My family's budget"
Purpose: to expand the knowledge of children about the components of the family budget: salary,
scholarship, pension; to form the foundations of the economic culture of preschoolers;
to foster respect for working people.
Material: cards depicting family members and the results of their work, money.
The teacher invites the children to split into three families. Everyone needs
draw out a card with a picture of family members, the result of their work. Amount
monetary remuneration for work is not indicated on the card, the children determine it
yourself. Each family must determine their own budget and at the end of the game compare,
who is he more. Family budget options may vary. For example,
option 1: dad is a lawyer, salary ..., mom is a salesman, salary ..., son is a student,
scholarship…; option 2: dad is a driver, salary ..., mom is a teacher, salary ...,
daughter - 2nd grade student, etc.
"Warehouse"
Objective: To continue teaching children to distinguish between products according to their belonging to
a certain group (furniture, clothes, shoes, household appliances, food and
etc.).
Material: cards with images of goods, vans with the names of stores, where
the goods will be delivered: "Shoes", "Clothes", "Food", "Household
equipment "," Furniture ".
The teacher invites children to act as freight forwarder drivers and
to distribute the goods with the help of special vans to the appropriate stores:
"Shoes", "Clothes", "Foodstuffs", "Household appliances", "Furniture". Each
the freight forwarder finds cards with goods for his store. Wins
the one who picked up the goods correctly.
Buyer Tips
Purpose: to teach children to find a way out of the economic situation, to form the foundations
economic culture of the child's personality.
The teacher brings children various economic situations and asks them
allow. For each correct decision, a chip is given, the one who
collected the maximum number of chips.
Situation 1. When is it more profitable to buy a fur coat: in winter or in summer? Why?
Situation 2. Apples were brought to the market. Fresh apples were delivered to the seller of Sveta,
large, with red sides, and the seller Kostya brought small apples,
wrinkled. The price for them is the same. Who will buy apples faster?
Situation 3. Boy Misha decided to visit his sick grandmother and buy her
bananas. In the store they cost 3 thousand, and in the market - 2 thousand. Where will Misha buy
bananas? Why?
Situation 4. If milk prices are higher, what will happen to food prices
out of him?
Situation 5. When will apples and pears be cheaper: in summer or in winter? Why?
Situation 6. What will spend more money on: buying a car or a ticket for
a train?
O. Prokofieva
Abstract of an open lesson in the circle "Economics in the nursery
garden ". Plot-didactic game “What? Where? How much? "
Purpose: in a playful, entertaining way to fix
children economic knowledge, foster interest in economics.
Tasks:
1. In a playful and entertaining way, reinforce the economic
knowledge acquired during the academic year.
2. Develop quick wits, flexibility and independence
thinking, ability to negotiate with each other, perform tasks in
conditions of competition.
3. Make children happy and enjoyable
in the economic game and the application of economic knowledge
content.
4. Foster an emotionally positive attitude and interest in
activities of an economic nature.
Educational and educational material: play money:
coins "1 ruble", "2 rubles", "5 rubles"; 5 envelopes with tasks
(on the envelopes - images of "senders"); wallets for captains
teams; models "Composition of the family budget" and "Expenditure
family budget ”in the form of circles with sectors; game store
stationery; sheets of colored paper 15x20 cm, triangular
patterns; medals and certificates for members of the winning teams; spinning top with
attached arrow; collage of photos of participants.
Game progress:
Educator: Children, do you like watching TV games? I suggest
You should play a very interesting game - "What? Where? Where?" How much? She
reminds funny and exciting television games "KVN" and
"What? Where? When? To play you need to split into two teams, choose
captain and team name. Remember, the captain must be the most
attentive, resourceful and quick-witted.
Children are divided into two teams, choose a captain and names.
Educator: Teams greet each other and guests.
I present to you the jury of your parents, which
will "pay" you for the tasks you complete.
The jury representative announces the rules for evaluating assignments and
additional "bonus" questions.
The teacher invites both teams to approach the playing field,
children receive instructions for the game.
Educator: Here is a playing field and a top with an arrow. Learning that
we want to play with you, the heroes of fairy tales sent you guys
letters with assignments. See who sent you letters? Whose task
to execute first, the top with an arrow will tell us. At the end of the game we
calculate the amount of money you earned and find out whose team
won. Prizes await the winners.
We grant the right to spin the top in turn.
1. Letter from Cheburashka:
HELLO TO YOU FROM CHEBURASHKA!
I WILL GROW SOON AND WILL CHOOSE A PROFESSION. Expensive
teams, introduce me to the professions. LET'S SEE WHO
WILL NAME THEM MORE
Additional questions:
Why do people go to work?
5. Letter from Thumbelina: HELLO CHILDREN! WRITES YOU
INCH. HELP TO DECORATE THE HALL FOR KIDS
HOLIDAY WITH FLOWERS, LEAVES AND BUTTERFLIES. SENDING
YOU COLORED PAPER AND PATTERNS. WHICH TEAM
CAN ECONOMY USE COLORED PAPER, FIT
IT HAS MORE TRIANGLES. ?
IT IS NECESSARY TO WORK QUICKLY AND ACCURATE, EXACTLY ROUND
MEDICINE. Remember, triangles must not intersect. FINISHED
WORK, COUNT, HOW MANY TRIANGLES YOU HAVE
ON THE SHEET., AND THE JURY COUNTS THEIR TOTAL NUMBER, FOR ALL
TEAM MEMBERS AND WILL IDENTIFY THE MOST ECONOMICAL TEAM.
Additional questions:
What does the science of economics teach? (housekeeping, being good
owners of the house and our country)
Who is called a good master (when you do a good job and
you relax, everyone is comfortable and cheerful in the house, the desired purchases are made.
Of course, not all at once, but gradually.)
Summing up: presentation of diplomas in nominations, collages and
medals.
The teacher reads the words of parting words in verses:
COUNTRY ECONOMY
You met a wonderful country
not recognizing stagnation and peace.
In this country, keep in mind
You can achieve everything with work.
Your labor is useful if it is for people,
If you do not regret days for them:
You build and plow, you cook soup or steel
It is not a pity for the necessary business and strength!
Only you don't forget rule three
These three rules are the main point.
First, find such a thing
Where among all you will be ahead.
Do you want success in life to await you
Do your job the best!
Have you learned it? Consider three times
There is no stopping along the way.
Only work gives a return,
It contains the whole basis for moving forward.
The more you work the better you live
Better you live more people give
Old and young, and those in need.
And you will need to help you.
The third rules - do not yawn in business,
Increase your profit and your country.
Profit is a reward for labor and skill.
How to get it to think here is necessary.
Possible by raising prices
But look what you get in return:
You scared all buyers
I won a penny and lost a hundred rubles.
If you lower costs and prices,
With this you expand the market for yourself,
And they buy your goods
Those who are rich and those who are poor.
Complicated? Not easy! But I'm sorry
There is no other way in this country.
(I. Lipsits)
Abstract for the circle "Economy in
kindergarten "
Abstract for the circle "Economics in kindergarten"
Topic: The concept of money. A journey into the past of money.
Tasks: to develop children's ideas about the concept of "money", about their
destination, source of origin (adult labor: money
earn, just like that no one gives them to anyone, history
the emergence of money.
Form the correct attitude towards money as a subject
vital necessity.
Didactic visual material: several modern coins and
banknotes, presentation "Journey into the past of money", felt-tip pens,
sheets of paper.
Course of the lesson:
Part 1: Conversation with children "Why do we need money." Clarify
children's idea of \u200b\u200bmoney.
Educator: Guys, look at what I am to you today
brought. (shows coins and bills). What is it?
Children's answers: Money.
Educator: That's right, money. Why do we need them?
Children's answers: To go to the shops, to buy something.
Educator: Right. Can we live without them?
Children's answers: No. We won't be able to buy anything.
Educator: Let's take a closer look at them with you. On the money
there are drawings, inscriptions. Money is also called banknotes.
Please tell me what the money is made of?
Children's answers: made of gold, paper, metal.
Educator: Here we are with you and figured out what money is. Money -
these are paper and metal signs you need to buy
products. Let's repeat together what money is.
We repeat with the children.
Educator: Money that is made of paper is called bills.
Let's repeat it together.
We repeat with the children.
Educator: And metal money is called coins. let's
let's repeat together.
We repeat with the children.
Educator: Do you think there has always been money?
Children's answers: Yes.
Educator: Come on, I'll tell you a story about how they appeared
money. Sit back, we go to
travel is the past of money.
Part 2. Presentation showing "Journey into the past of money"
Slide number 1
Slide 2. Here's a look at how ancient people lived.
Slide 3
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Slide 12
Course of the lesson:
Vl: Guys, today we will go on a fabulous journey.
What do you think, on what you can go on a trip.
Children's answers.
Vl: Okay, but since we go to a fairy tale, it means that transport, on
which we go should be fabulous, right?
Children's answers:
Vl: Let's go on a flight on a miracle - a car called
"Skazkolet", and so that we can contact the kindergarten or find answers
to tough questions. Let's take our computer and cell phone with us
telephone.
Finger game "Skazkolet". Ready, turn on the motors
the flaps were opened, "y" flew. We gain height, close the flaps,
took an upright position, landed on a fairy planet, and
saw fairy-tale heroes, smiled at each other, liked them,
greeted: "hello", and they are in a fabulous language. Then we
let's try on a fabulous one. Liked each other and went, met,
kissed and hugged and parted to the sides. Oh how good!
Liked it and met again. Well, here we are, look how
it's wonderful, magical, fabulous here. Who's sitting under the tree?
Children's answers: Buratino!
Vl: Hello dear Buratino, you won't tell why you
sit here alone.
Buratino: Hello! Don't bother me, I'm waiting for a miracle to grow
wood. Yesterday I planted here five gold coins that Karabas gave me, and
watered and salted, but the tree still does not grow, but I so want to have
carlo's dad had a lot of money.
Vl: This is again the tricks of the Cat and the Fox. Guys can grow out of
coins miracle tree with money?
Children's answers: No.
Vl: And what will happen to the money in the earth?
Answers: Will rust, rot.
Vl: Guys, what needs to be done to have money.
Children's answers: Go to work.
Pinocchio: Well, okay, then I'll go and buy myself a lot of ice cream,
cake, sweets, chocolate ...
Vl: Stop, stop! And what about dad Carlo, and the dolls. What are they poor
will remain. And is it possible to spend all the money on sweets, guys, tell me
Pinocchio.
Children's answers.
Vl: You see Buratino, there are things that are more necessary. And so that you
i remembered better, now the guys and I will play with you. Lisa, in your
computer has a game, find it, please.
Game "I want and need"
Buratino: Thank you! I remembered everything. But how can I do to
there is more money, because if I spend it on what I need, there will be no money left.
Vl: The guys have already said that we need to go to work, and we offer
you open a store.
Pinocchio: And what is a store?
Children's answers.
Pinocchio: And what kind of stores are there and what do they sell?
Children's answers.
Buratino: No, so I won't remember anything.
Vl: Buratino, we will help you now, we have presented you with pictures.
What should be in different stores. Lisa, please look in your
computer.
(Lisa opens the computer and takes out blank sheets of paper from there.
icons denoting store departments and various pictures - goods).
Vl: Guys. The computer crashed and everything was messed up, something needs to be done
make.
Pinocchio: How do I now find out what products I need in the store?
Vl: Calm, only calm, I will now see what I have
is in the purse (takes out various items). Will it come in handy? No? And this?
(takes out a sticky pencil) will that help? Pictures can be glued.
Children's answers: Yes.
Collages "Different shops"
Buratino: Great! Now I won't forget anything. But here's what to me
choose "Pet shop" or "Products" or "Household appliances".
I want this, and that, and that.
Vl: Buratino you do not worry, you can open a store in which
different goods will be sold, really guys, and how will it be
be called.
Children's answer: Supermarket.
Card file
didactic games with economic content
(A - author's didactic games)
1. "WHAT ARE THE EXPENSES" (A)
PURPOSE: To show children that there are compulsory (basic) and
optional (not basic).
MATERIAL: Model "Expenses", cards with images of objects,
symbolizing basic and non-basic expenses (furniture, clothing,
food, food, light, gas, toys,
books, cards in white and red.
STROKE. Option 1: the presenter shows a picture with an image of some
object, the children raise the card of the color that he considers the object according to
degree of necessity.
Option 2: object pictures are distributed to children, cards are distributed
two children. At the signal of the teacher, the children become around the child
the color they think is necessary.
2. "LITTLE SHOPPING"
PURPOSE: To show that each thing is worth money, to compare the price of the product with
available cash.
MATERIAL: Pictures depicting various
items (goods), price tags, money.
STROKE: Children choose a product, correlate the price with the money they have,
make purchases on the instructions of the presenter:
Buying only one item (product).
Buys several goods at once (demand does not exceed supply).
The buyer compares the goods in terms of cost (more expensive, cheaper,
the same price)
3. "INTERESTING SHOPPING"
PURPOSE: To reveal to children the purchasing power of banknotes.
MATERIAL: Goods of different values, coins (bills) of different denominations.
PROCESS: The facilitator gives tasks to the “buyers” with gradual complication:
buy a thing (item) that costs ... rubles;
name what can be bought for ... .. rubles;
independently find out, and then name one, two, three things worth
a certain amount of money.
4. "DISCOVER THE PRODUCT" (A)
freight train with wagons.
ROUTE: Option 1: Children arrange the goods on the wagons so that in each
turned out to be the same product at the place of production. For example, meat products
- meat processing plant products, dairy products - dairy products.
Option 2: Children group items by place of production: furniture -
furniture factory, tableware - faience factory, toys - toy
factory.
13 "ROUTES OF GOODS" (A)
PURPOSE: To develop in children the ability to distinguish products by their belonging to
a certain group (household appliances, industrial goods, furniture,
agricultural products, etc.).
MATERIALS: Pictures depicting products or real items and
toys, signs with the names of stores: "Clothes", "Furniture", etc.
STROKE: each child chooses a picture, names what is on it
drawn, and determines which store you can take this product to.
The winner is the one who correctly selects the cards for the plates with the name
store.
14 "COLLECT TOGETHER"
OBJECTIVE: To expand children's understanding of goods; teach them to group
for various reasons.
MATERIAL: Map (panel) depicting various goods.
STROKE: Each child has a card. On which various objects are drawn.
Using Euler-Venn circles, children combine objects in different
features: edible - inedible; toys are tools.
15 "GUESS WHERE IT'S SOLD" (A)
PURPOSE: To teach children to correlate store names with goods that are
they are sold; develop the ability to generalize groups of objects.
MATERIAL: Pictures depicting vegetables, fruits, furniture, shoes, etc.
STROKE: children select groups of cards depicting vegetables, fruits,
furniture, etc. Lay them out in front of the corresponding plot picture,
where the shops "Furniture", "Vegetables", etc. are drawn.
the relationship between the name of the store and the products that it contains
are sold.
16 "TOY SHOP"
PURPOSE: To enable children to practically carry out the buying process -
sales; develop the ability to "see" the product: material, place of production,
price (cost).
MATERIAL: Various toys, price tags, trademarks, play money.
STROKE: Before buying a favorite toy, the child calls
the material from which it is made (wood, metal, plastic, fabric, etc.),
place of production (where and who made it). Next, the price of the toy is determined.
The child counts off a certain amount of money and buys a toy. By
as the toys are sold out, the seller adds new ones.
17 "WHAT SHOULD BUY FASTER?" (A)
PURPOSE: To develop the ability to establish the relationship between quality
goods, its price (value) and demand for it.
MATERIAL: cards depicting high-quality and low-quality
goods (dress for a doll, one of them is missing a few buttons);
boots (one has no lace).
STROKE: The child is offered a pair of cards with the image of the same
goods. Of the two things offered, the child chooses the one that will buy
faster, and explains the reason for his choice.
18 WHAT IS BEST TO SELL AND WHEN?
PURPOSE: To consolidate the knowledge of children about the demand for goods, about the influence of the factor
seasonality (season) for real demand.
MATERIAL: Cards depicting the store and its surroundings in
different seasons (summer, winter, etc.); small picture cards
seasonal goods.
STROKE: Children fill stores with goods according to the season.
For example, panama hats, sandals, a sundress - to the "summer" store.
19 DOMINO (A)
PURPOSE: To consolidate knowledge about the name, value of coins; develop attention,
memory.
MATERIAL: Domino cards with coins of different
dignity and in a different set.
Usually children know that parents go to work to earn money. So that in the future a person with a healthy attitude to money and work will grow out of your little man, it is very important to instill in him the basics of economic literacy from childhood, explain where money comes from and how to spend it. Games will help us with this.
Games in store
A trip to the store can be turned into an exciting developmental activity. It is in the store or in the market that it is best to master the basics of mathematics and economics. You just need to connect a little imagination to this event ...
3-4 years: Where from?
Walking with a trolley along the shelves of the supermarket, it's time to talk with your baby about how certain goods get on these very shelves, where vegetables grow, and where are fruits, why some products are called dairy products, and vegetable butter, what chocolate is made of and how a grain of wheat turns into a sweet bun, etc. Do not forget to talk about the professions of people who produce all kinds of goods for us.
Making a shopping list. Try making a list of the groceries to buy with your baby before going to the store. Discuss with your child what, in what quantity and why you need to purchase. Then collect the ad catalogs that are usually put in mailboxes and cut out the pictures of the desired products from them. Then paste the pictures into a notebook. Now, using this cheat sheet, the kid will help you find the desired product on the shelves of the supermarket and put it in the basket. Such simple fun will help the baby to learn that purchases must be carefully planned.
5-6 years old: What kind of stores are there?
Talk with your child about what stores are and what they sell. What is a bakery, grocery, haberdashery, pharmacy, department store that is on the shelves in the meat, fish, dairy, vegetable, confectionery, shoe, department store. What is the name of the person who sells? And the one who buys? And remember other professions that you can find in a store: cashier, consultant, loader, security guard, cook, packer, cleaner. What are these people doing?
We study the price tags... Keep your little one reading the price tags. Let him compare which is more expensive - say, a can of ordinary canned fish or caviar. Why are some products more expensive and others cheaper? Talk to your child about this topic.
We make purchases on our own... Give the baby the opportunity to buy himself, for example, bread in a bakery or ice cream. The kid will get used to money so quickly.
We plan a budget.Try writing down with your child during the week how much money is spent on what. First, invite your child to think about where the money is going. Then draw a table on a sheet and outline the categories of expenses schematically, with pictures: food, clothing, transport, health, household, gifts, entertainment. Let the kid try to determine which expenses belong to which category. Tell us what other expenses are there (rent, kindergarten, donations, etc.). At the end of the week, tally the expenses by category and label each expense in a bar. So the child will understand what you spent the most money on, what less.
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Many reasons for economic conversations with a child can be found in children's fairy tales and stories. While reading, draw your child's attention to the professions of people that are found on the pages of books. For example, many different professions are shown in N. Nosov's fairy tale "The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends". Try to convey to the child that each person, growing up, chooses a profession to their liking.
In addition, it is possible to discuss the fact that heroes acquire wealth in different ways: some work, while others often seek to obtain different benefits for themselves through unseemly deeds. Here it is appropriate to recall Cinderella, Pinocchio, the old woman from the tale of the Golden Fish, the hardworking pig Naf-Naf and his lazy brothers, two sisters from the fairy tale "Mistress Snowstorm" and others. Which of them does the baby sympathize with and who does not?
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Shop game
Perhaps the most useful economic game for preschoolers - a role-playing game to the store. Thanks to her, you can explain to the child many things: what is money and why is it needed, where does the money come from, how to spend it wisely, etc. Now there are many accessories for such a game on sale: paper "money" (by the way, they can be replaced by acorns, leaves etc.), cash registers, scales, carts, sets of "goods". Now let's play.
3-4 years old: Baby shop
In order for the kid to figure out how to play, let an adult be the seller first. And the kid is the buyer. He comes to the store with "money", for example, in the form of chestnuts, and asks to sell him "this puppy" or "that candy over there." The seller names the price: "Two chestnuts" (more can be done if the baby can already count to 5 or 10). The child counts out the required amount of "money" and receives his product. If you are playing with two kids, you can bring the cashier into the game, from whom you need to get a check in exchange for money. When the baby is comfortable with the role of the buyer, let him try to be a seller. Such a simple game teaches you to behave correctly in different everyday situations.
Price tags. Before you start playing, ask your child to rate each item in the store. Indeed, without price tags on goods, sale is impossible. Use colored sticker sheets as price tags. If your little mathematician is already good at calculating, you can complicate the problem by limiting the total amount to, say, 50 game rubles. That is, all the goods in the store together should cost 50 rubles. And, distributing prices, you need to keep within these 50 rubles. I wonder what things and how the child will appreciate?
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Useful games for children
By and large, in order for your baby to grow up economically literate, you just need to talk to him more, tell him, explain, discuss.
Piggy bank.Talk with your child about where you should keep your money, why you shouldn't put large sums in your pocket and keep all your money at home. Tell us what bank savings are for. And to understand this in practice, start a piggy bank with your child. Explain that in the same way that he folds coin to coin in it, adults save money for large purchases, be it appliances or a house. Be sure to discuss with your child exactly what he wants to save money for. Only in this case the children's piggy bank makes sense: saved up and spent what he wanted. The child must understand that the value of money is not in the money itself, but in what we can get for it.
Monopoly and company. Now in stores you can find a lot of desktop economic games... The most famous of them is Monopoly. The simplified version is quite suitable for children from 5 years old. Play with the whole family! During the game, the child will develop strategic thinking. Other games are also useful: "Colonizers", "Carcassonne", "Settlers", etc. And with younger children, you can play the game "Super Farmer".
So, raising a child to be economically literate is not difficult at all. Shop with him, plan a family budget, explain when and why you need to save money, discuss certain professions, in a word, let him into your life. Good luck to you!
Goal: to form the knowledge of children about different types of goods, their classification; learn to use life experience in the analysis of the value of goods and apply arithmetic operations at the same time, laying out in sequence from expensive to cheap and vice versa;
1st option. Children should arrange cards as the price of the product increases and vice versa
2nd option. Children lay out two cards and use signs to determine which of the goods is "more expensive" and which is "cheaper".
3rd option. Children are invited to choose one of the cards and say why this particular product needs to be bought in the first place.
Game "Needs".
Goal: to form an idea from an economic point of view about the origin of the objects around us, goods; about essential goods, about human needs and capabilities.
1st option. Children choose from the offered cards an essential commodity, and a commodity without which it is currently possible to do.
2nd option. Name the needs, material and spiritual.
Game: "What you can buy, what you can't"
Goal: to form in children a desire to use natural resources economically
1st option. Children name those items that can be bought and those that cannot be bought;
2nd option. Children name objects of the natural world, how a person uses them, and objects of the man-made world, naming the profession of people who produce these objects.
Game "Professions"
Goal: to form an idea about the content of the activities of people of certain professions about their tools and products of labor; foster respect for people who know how to work.
1st option. Children are offered cards depicting people of different professions. They must pick up the tools of labor;
2nd option. Children do not only pick up tools. But they also call the product of labor.
Supermarket game
1st option. Children are invited to come up with an advertisement text for a picture with Purpose: to teach children to accompany the display with speech text; to form a joyful mood by the image of the product.
3rd option. Children are given bills of various denominations, and the task is to buy some product for this amount.
Game "Goods train"
Goal: to form ideas about the products of labor of people of different professions, about the role of advertising in the sale of goods; foster respect for work and the need for role relationships.
1st option. Children are offered cards with different goods, it must be placed in a certain carriage.
2nd option. Preschoolers choose any card, talk about this subject, and the rest must say what they are talking about and who produces this product.
Game "Goods - services"
Goal: to consolidate the ability to distinguish goods from services provided by the institution; foster a culture of behavior in public places, respect for people of different professions.
1st option. Children are invited to take a picture and respond with a product or service.
2nd option. Children are divided into two different teams: some name the profession, while others say what services the people of this profession provide.
Game "On a Desert Island"
The participants of the game are offered the following task: “Suppose that you are in the crew of a ship that is shipwrecked and you find yourself on a desert island. You have time left to visit the ship, which has not yet sunk, and take the most necessary things (they are shown on the cards) and items.
The game can be played both individually and in a group. In the case of a group game, the participants are divided into teams and, based on group discussion (within 5 minutes), decide what to take from the ship. The participant or the team that selects more rational things wins.
Game "Reception"
This is a collective game, the purpose of which is to teach children the ability to receive guests and determine what needs to be prepared and purchased for such a reception.
First, the organizer of the game invites the participants to divide into groups of 4-5 people, conventionally forming a family. Then he gives the groups the following play task: “Suppose your family is celebrating the birthday of one of the children, son or daughter. The birthday party will be attended by your whole family and, of course, invited friends of the person whose birthday is being celebrated. If you celebrate your son's birthday, you will have to invite seven boys and three girls, and if your daughter's birthday is celebrated, then vice versa. Based on these conditions, establish what and in what quantity you will have to buy for treating guests and participants of the celebration and how much money will be needed for this.
It is necessary to draw the attention of the game participants to the fact that it is enough to include 5-6 dishes in the proposed menu for refreshments, and the cost is approximately determined.
After all the groups have made a list of necessary purchases, the game organizer suggests listening to the children and discussing the proposed options.
When representatives of the group speak, they should be given the opportunity to speak out, justifying the need for purchases, the feasibility of the proposed treat, and its affordability.
The winner is the group whose list will be recognized as the best.
Modern children from early childhood one way or another face economic issues. They hear their parents discussing higher wages, higher prices in stores. The desire to possess an expensive toy that mom and dad cannot get is also a touch with the world of finance. That is why not so long ago an innovative direction appeared in preschool pedagogy - economic education. The teacher will help to create a correct understanding of money, family budget, production, consumption and other important concepts in the kid.
Why and how to deal with economics with children
Economic classes are held in a preschool institution (hereinafter referred to as the preschool educational institution) as part of educational activities for the knowledge of the surrounding world (block "Socialization"). They pursue the following goals:
- Give the concept of money, teach to take care of them.
- To form an understanding of the importance of labor in human life.
- Explain the process of production of goods and their consumption.
- Introduce the term "advertising".
- Teach useful household habits.
- Promote the development of reasonable needs.
Thus, economic education in preschool educational institutions includes the following main blocks:
- labor and its product;
- money;
- advertising;
- economy in everyday life.
Tasks and techniques relevant for children of different ages
It is advisable to start economic studies in kindergarten from the middle group:
- Four-year-olds will learn where a variety of store products come from.
- Children will learn that each product has a price.
- Knowledge about professions is expanding, respect for working people is fostered.
- The guys get acquainted with the concept of the family budget, its components:
- parents' salary;
- grandparents' pension;
- elder sister or brother scholarship.
- The concept of "human needs" is introduced.
- Preschoolers get an initial idea of \u200b\u200badvertising - a way to convey information about a product to the consumer.
In classes with children of the fifth year of life, the following techniques will be effective:
- Mandatory presence of the game component. For example, for each lesson the same fairy-tale character comes to the children, for example, the dwarf Economik or the toy boy Vasya Ekonomkin.
- The work on economic education will be more successful when parents are involved in it. The teacher must convey to their understanding the importance of the problem (for example, if the teacher tells the child about reasonable consumption, and mom and dad fulfill any of his whims, then what kind of efficiency can we talk about?). An interesting idea is to hold an auction of "goods" that the kids will make at home with their parents. Another option is to exchange them with classmates (the concept of “barter” is introduced). Mom and Dad should explain to children the specifics of their work, tell them if they are satisfied with their salary. These old true concepts of work and its payment will help to bring up independence and frugality in the baby.
Each lesson in economics can feature the same fairytale hero, for example, the dwarf Econom
In older preschool age, the range of economic concepts that children become familiar with is expanding. The knowledge gained earlier deepens:
- The guys get acquainted with professions that have a connection with the economy and business: entrepreneur, manager, marketer, advertiser, advertising agent.
- The teacher teaches preschoolers to correctly perceive advertising, the ability to understand it, to measure their desires and capabilities.
- The concept of production and consumption is becoming more complex.
- The concept of the economy in everyday life is introduced, the children master useful habits that help to conserve natural resources, as well as the family budget (for example, do not leave the lights and water on, take care of clothes, shoes, etc.).
- The teacher introduces children to the concept of "currency", they look at the album, which depicts bills and coins of different countries.
In classes with pupils of the senior and preparatory groups, it is relevant to use the following techniques:
- Individual filling out of the family expenses plate (the preschooler puts pluses in the necessary sections: groceries, clothes, medicines, large purchases, toys, transportation costs, etc.). This will allow the child to understand what the expenses in the family are composed of, with understanding to perceive the temporary lack of money.
- Encouraging children for active work in class, correct answers (for example, these can be medals made by the teacher).
- Obligatory analysis of the lesson, development of self-esteem in children. This moment can be played in an interesting way. For example, a white and a blue cloud are hung on the board. If the child believes that he has received useful knowledge that will be useful to him in life, then he sticks a blue drop under a blue cloud. If something remains incomprehensible or the preschooler was not interested in the lesson, then he places a white drop under a white cloud.
- Work continues with parents. You can interest them in a competition for the presentation of their own "company": the child, together with his family members, comes up with a logo, studies the market demand and supply of his product and thinks out advertising moves.
- In the preparatory group, you can practice economic charades and crosswords.
Types of economic activities in a preschool educational institution
To make the economy interesting and understandable for preschoolers, the teacher chooses interesting forms of classes. First of all, this implies the inclusion of a game component in their structure.
Game lesson
Play is the most acceptable way of learning for a preschooler. Knowledge they are not imposed on him: through trial and error, the child draws conclusions for himself, and the teacher imperceptibly guides him. Game lessons can take the form of "travel" (to the city of Econominsk, according to famous fairy tales), quizzes, competitions.
Role-playing games
A role-playing game will help make the economy accessible. So, already in the middle group, kids are happy to play in a store, cafe, reproducing the actions of adults - they try on the function of a seller and a buyer. Also, games in a hairdressing salon and a taxi (sale of services) have an economic focus. All of these activities can be included in the lesson. At the same time, it is extremely important that the teacher speaks out all the manipulations, enriching the children's vocabulary with economic terms. You can also use conditional money - colored pieces of paper.
The assimilation of new information is successfully carried out in the form of a role-playing game
At the senior preschool age, the teacher offers children new games - "Pharmacy", "Bank", "Auction". The traditional "Shop" game is getting more complicated: the range of products is expanding, they already need to be weighed, the role of not just a seller, but a cashier issuing checks is introduced, coins are added to paper bills. Children will also find it interesting to play in the supermarket, where the seller tells customers about profitable promotions. Let the store offer not only food, but also clothes, toys, sports and stationery, etc. To make the role-playing game as close to reality as possible, the teacher together with the children can make price tags for the goods.
