23.12.202027.05.2017

What not to eat and drink for pregnant women - what foods and drinks are preferable for expectant mothers? In fact, there are practically no strict restrictions on pregnant women. You can eat everything, but some foods in moderate or minimal quantities. Let's start with the fact that pregnant women should not eat, or at least should not be abused and for what specific reasons. Let's not forget to talk about the possible consequences of not observing the restrictions.

1. Liver. Not only are the by-products very fatty, that is, from this delicacy, the expectant mother can simply feel bad, it also contains a high concentration of vitamin A, which can have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. Therefore, pregnant women cannot eat the liver, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, when the child's organs are just being formed, and the expectant mother herself has any manifestations of toxicosis, which can be aggravated due to the use of the liver.
However, this is not a product that pregnant women should not eat. Later, in the second and third trimesters, the liver can sometimes be consumed if the body tolerates it well.

2. Sausages. There are two reasons why pregnant women should not eat sausages, wieners and sausages. To change their minds to eat them, many just need to carefully read the small print on the product packaging, find out its composition. This is far from pure, high quality meat. And at best, pork bacon with beef, generously seasoned with salt, colors and flavors to make it more appetizing. There will be no benefit to the body from such "meat". And the salt with which the sausage is stuffed is harmful for the expectant mother. Since, due to an excess of salt, a woman retains fluid in the body. Outwardly, this is manifested by edema. And blood pressure rises, and this is already dangerous. Let's leave the sausage for the holidays, for salads.

3. Sweets. They should not be eaten by a pregnant woman due to the fact that chocolate, marmalade, cookies and similar delicacies are quickly digestible carbohydrates. All these products have a very high calorie content, but saturate the body, relieve hunger for a very short time. This makes the woman eat sweets over and over again. By the way, the same applies to super-calorie honey. It is, of course, useful, but in the amount of literally half a teaspoon. Our women love honey in sweets, for example, in baklava. And they gain weight very quickly during pregnancy due to the passion for sweets. Meanwhile, all these calories are deposited on the mother's body and do not bring the slightest benefit to the unborn child. But it becomes more difficult for a pregnant woman to walk, there is tachycardia, shortness of breath, back pain and lower back pain. And after giving birth, it is very difficult to part with extra pounds.

4. Lightly salted tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. All this is a source of salt, about the dangers of consuming large quantities of which we have already written earlier.

5. Alcohol. Adequate doctors always say that pregnant women should not drink alcohol for any period and in any quantity. Few expectant mothers have heard of FAS - fetal alcohol syndrome in the fetus. It occurs in most cases when a large amount of alcohol is taken at the same time. In a child, not only can there be malformations as a result of such maternal libation, but also mental retardation, as well as typical manifestations on the face, according to the type of genetic syndrome. And it is impossible to cure FAS, only prevent it without drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Meanwhile, the use of small doses of alcohol by the mother is also potentially dangerous to the fetus. Can provoke premature birth, placental abruption, low intelligence in a child.

6. Tea and coffee. Many women find these drinks unacceptable because of the caffeine they contain. But in reality, not everything is so scary. The caffeine level in two cups of coffee is absolutely safe for the mother-to-be. But in 4 cups of coffee - it is already potentially dangerous. Pregnant women shouldn't have that much coffee.

If a woman regularly takes such a large amount of caffeine, the baby may have intrauterine growth retardation. Such children are born weak and small. But preterm labor and miscarriage of caffeine does not provoke.

In tea, caffeine is also found in large quantities, but tea has almost no effect on the body, does not have an invigorating effect, since it is almost not absorbed from this drink.

Other foods, such as chocolate, contain negligible amounts of caffeine. But in some medicines there are many. For example, the remedy for headache "Citramon" contains caffeine in high concentration. Expectant mothers should not take it.

7. Sweet carbonated drinks. They have a high calorie content and zero usefulness. Lots of preservatives, flavors and colors in the composition. If you really want fruit flavors, drink natural juice.

8. Narzan with high mineralization. Many of us consider mineral water to be beneficial for the body. This is true, but only if it is correctly chosen and used. Narzans differ not only in their taste, but also in their composition. Some of them contain a lot of minerals, salts, and therefore should be consumed in minimal quantities and only for medical reasons, usually in sanatoriums. Narzan's temperature also plays a role in its absorption.
It's just that it is better to drink water with a slight mineralization as a drink. No more than 3 grams per liter (indicated on the label). Such water will help with heartburn.
But salty narzans, for example, "Essentuki 17" can provoke an increase in blood pressure and edema.

10.07.2019 11:10:00

Pregnancy is definitely one of the most beautiful moments in a woman's life, but also one of the most responsible. Is it possible to fly on an airplane, what physical activity is allowed during pregnancy, is it worth having sex? These questions are of interest to almost all women who saw two cherished strips on the test ...

Well, it's time to figure it out: what really absolutely should not be done during pregnancy, and what will only benefit the baby and the expectant mother?

Alcohol and smoking during pregnancy. No compromises!

No matter how much your friends or acquaintances from the forums convince you of the harmlessness of a couple of glasses of red wine or beer, doctors all over the world are unanimous: even small doses of alcohol can harm the child and the expectant mother - cause severe intrauterine malformations, premature and often difficult childbirth, provoke a miscarriage ... The "degree" is especially toxic in the early stages of pregnancy - at and until the end of everything, when a very important process of organogenesis takes place, during which the embryo is just forming, the "laying" of all internal organs and systems of the child takes place. It is undesirable to take alcohol at the time of conception, moreover, for both future parents! As for smoking, scientists have long proved that babies whose mothers smoked while pregnant are born with a ready-made addiction to nicotine, their immunity is weakened and their lungs are often underdeveloped. They are also more likely than other children to suffer from asthma and other ailments of the pulmonary system. Therefore, if you find out that you will have a baby, stop smoking immediately! In general, this must be done at the stage - 2-3 months before the refusal of contraception.

Sports during pregnancy

Often, women are interested in whether it is possible to play sports while expecting a child? In this matter, as is often the case, the golden mean is important. Now no one expects Olympic records from you, so you shouldn't strain and sweat for several hours a day in the gym. But it is also impossible to completely deprive oneself of physical activity and lead a sedentary lifestyle - such "inaction" can lead to weight gain, the development of edema, problems with blood vessels, and increased blood pressure. Such complications adversely affect the course of pregnancy and the development of the fetus.

So which physical activity should you choose? There are many options: yoga, fitness, gymnastics for pregnant women, swimming (or water aerobics), walking at a measured pace in the fresh air - such loads help to improve lung function, keep the muscles of the legs and back in good tone, prevent the appearance of varicose veins, and allow fight venous congestion in the pelvic area. Very useful for the expectant mother and baby is the now popular nordiс walking - Scandinavian walking with trekking or ski poles. During such training, blood flow, the state of blood vessels and heart improve, the body is saturated with oxygen. The baby also gets more oxygen and nutrients.

But it is better to refuse cycling - they are considered an extreme sport for pregnant women. Alpine skiing, snowboarding, roller skating, martial arts also fall under the unconditional ban - in a word, all too active and traumatic sports. In any case, in order not to harm the fetus, you need to consult with your gynecologist what kind of sports activity to choose during pregnancy. The doctor should rule out conditions in which physical activity is contraindicated or significantly limited.

Sex and taboo

Only very serious medical conditions can veto your sex life during this period.

Forbidden food

Speaking about the prohibitions of an interesting provision, it is worth mentioning the choice of products. So, when making a list of acceptable products for this period, it is worth giving up very fatty, salty, fried, spicy foods and smoked meats - they "overload" the liver and gallbladder, increase the burden on the kidneys, can cause heartburn, exacerbation of gastritis. Products that contain many chemical additives, especially dyes and flavor enhancers (nitrites, monosodium glutamate) and seasonings: chips, all kinds of croutons, ready-made sauces, crab sticks, instant food, soda, and many sweets, do not have the best effect on the body of pregnant women. Avoid eating some seafood (tuna, swordfish, shrimp), chocolate, strawberries and exotic fruits - they can cause allergies. For the same reason, refrain from frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits with orange pigment (citruses, carrots, pumpkin, dried apricots), but not completely excluding them from your diet - they contain many useful vitamins and trace elements. By the way, it is believed that foods such as red fish and meat are dangerous during pregnancy - this is not true. On the contrary: the proteins, omega-3 fatty acids and folic acid contained in these foods are essential for pregnant women. In addition, meat serves as an excellent prevention of iron deficiency anemia, which often occurs during pregnancy. It is best if your doctor chooses a diet based on test data and anamnesis.

Not all teas are created equal.

During pregnancy, some women face a problem such as swelling. As a result, wanting to expel excess fluid from the body, expectant mothers begin to drink various diuretic teas, herbal preparations or infusions of berries and herbs. It is absolutely not worth doing this without consulting a doctor, because many drinks, due to their composition, are medicinal, as they contain chemical components with various medicinal properties. Therefore, they may not have the best effect on the body of a pregnant woman and the condition of the fetus. So, drinks based on sage, parsley, ginseng, valerian, chamomile often raise and increase blood pressure.

For the same reasons, it is better to refuse coffee. Scientists have confirmed the fact that daily consumption of this drink (more than 3 cups a day) increases the risk of miscarriage by 2 times, especially in the first 12 weeks! Also, coffee increases blood pressure, causes insomnia, removes useful trace elements and vitamins from the body, which are necessary for the normal development of a child. Both freshly brewed and instant drinks have a detrimental effect. In addition, doctors strongly advise during pregnancy to exclude from your diet other liquids containing caffeine - cola, energy drinks, strong green and black teas.

But mint, ginger, white tea and rosehip infusions are extremely useful. Mint soothes, relieves nausea, ginger has antibacterial properties and is indispensable during colds and SARS, rose hips are rich in vitamins C, B, PP and iron, and white tea does not contain caffeine, normalizes blood pressure, promotes vascular elasticity and strengthens tooth enamel, which is very important while carrying crumbs.

Pregnancy: myths and superstitions

With the appearance of two stripes on the test, any woman (even with two or three higher educations) begins to attach excessive importance to signs and beliefs. Meanwhile, many of them only spoil the life of the expectant mother. Here is some of them:

Myth. Hair should not be cut or dyed during pregnancy.

In reality: During pregnancy, the structure of the hair often changes: it becomes more brittle and lifeless. Precisely because in order to look good, you need to get your hair cut regularly or at least trim the ends. As for coloring, modern ammonia-free paints are quite safe for both the expectant mother and the baby. A competent hairdresser will probably first test the paint on one strand, and determine how the hair perceives this or that color.

Where it came from: since biblical times, hair has been considered a symbol of life (remember the tragic story of Samson and Delilah). Apparently, this is why our ancestors were so afraid to have their hair cut during pregnancy.

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Joy, anxiety, doubts, fears and many other emotions are experienced by every woman upon learning about her new situation. Every woman takes this news in her own way. Someone treats this as a disease, and throughout the entire period they behave accordingly, limit themselves in everything, try to follow all the doctor's advice and, after reading books, “put themselves in bed” for nine months. Someone continues to run around like a "squirrel in a wheel", go to work, carry heavy bags and rush from one extreme to another.

In fact, pregnancy is not a disease, of course, you will have to behave more carefully and more attentively, you will need to give up many habits, but this is not a sentence to forbid yourself everything.

Bring that, I don't know what!

With the onset of pregnancy, women's appetite changes dramatically. This can manifest itself not only in an acute desire for everything salty or sour, but also, for example, in completely original combinations and whims: tea with cucumbers or honey with sausage. Many people wrinkle their noses at this, but taste preferences during pregnancy are much more bizarre. It is a well-known fact that during pregnancy a woman may have a feeling of disgust for her favorite foods, or vice versa, what she has never eaten before can be happily consumed. Naturally, food is of great importance, because now the expectant mother should carefully choose her diet, which affects the development of her future baby!

In some books about pregnancy, they write that the expectant mother can only eat what is useful for her baby, that is, everything lean and dairy. And then melancholy overwhelms you: how can you give up something sweet, for example? How to replace your favorite foods with cereals and yoghurts? However, not everything is as bad as it might seem at first glance. Moreover, a piece of chocolate will certainly not get bad. The main thing here is that all products are fresh.

The diet of the future mother

The diet of a pregnant woman should be complete and varied, enriched with vitamins and useful microelements. It is important that the expectant mother enjoys what she eats, because this is the main reason for her well-being and good mood.

So, if the question arises, what can not be eaten by pregnant women. The diet of the expectant mother should only consist of products of natural origin. Those. foods that a woman eats should not contain various additives, flavor enhancers, as well as dyes that can negatively affect the development of the baby. One of the more dangerous additives is the E type additives (but not all).

Caffeine can cause a miscarriage or underweight at birth. And green tea interferes with the absorption of folic acid, which is necessary for the normal development of the baby.

Carbonated drinks can cause active fermentation in the intestines, which provokes uterine contractions.

For example, fish is considered a fairly healthy type of food, but such types of fish as tuna, mackerel, swordfish must be excluded from your diet during pregnancy. You should also exclude the use of spicy foods, fried and very fatty from the diet.

Continuing the topic of seafood: raw shellfish are prohibited during pregnancy - as a possible source of pathogenic microorganisms that cause poisoning. A similar ban and for the same reason - on sushi: picking up a worm infection after eating sushi, then it will be difficult and long to recover. Do you want sushi well, just "to the point of impossibility"? Then it is better to give preference to rolls with thermally processed foods, and ideally - vegetarian sushi (for example, with cucumber). But it's better to cook them yourself, with clean hands and with natural ingredients.

Cheese - soft (brie, camembert, feta), as well as blue cheese and goat cheese. Cheese is included in the list of prohibited products for pregnant women due to a special cooking technology: they are made on the basis of unpasteurized milk. And the absence of the pasteurization process leads to the fact that bacteria can remain in the cheeses that can lead to infection, and, as a result, to miscarriage or premature birth. If cheeses based on pasteurized milk are not allowed to be consumed, then it is logical that the milk itself is also prohibited - unpasteurized and unboiled. Such milk is also very likely to contain infections that cause food poisoning.

Poisoning, or even worse - salmonellosis - can be "gotten" by eating raw eggs. Therefore, you can not eat either soft-boiled eggs or fried eggs in the form of fried eggs: the yolk and white must be hardened during cooking. But quail eggs, to the liking, can be eaten raw: it has been proven that Salmonella does not "live" in them. But, in any case, you should not abuse the product - after all, eggs are classified as a fairly strong allergen.

Salmonellosis can also be found in raw meat, therefore during pregnancy all sorts of "Tatar-style steaks", undercooked shashlik or steaks, steaks with blood, half-baked liver are unacceptable for eating. It is highly advisable to give up meat products such as ham, cold smoked sausages during pregnancy - they may contain pathogenic bacteria that contribute to infection with listeriosis or toxoplasmosis. For the same reason, it is better to refuse pates (moreover, both meat and vegetable, and fish).

And, of course, do not forget that a pregnant woman is very prone to manifestations of heartburn, which makes itself felt as a consequence of the growing and compressing internal organs (stomach and intestines including) of the uterus. In order to minimize the risk of such an unpleasant phenomenon as heartburn, as well as to prevent "overload" of the liver and gallbladder, it is worth giving up smoked, fried, fatty and spicy foods and dishes. And in order to avoid edema, as a result of a heavy load on the kidneys (which during pregnancy already work in an enhanced mode), avoid marinades and pickles.

The doctor will help to determine more clearly what pregnant women should not eat in the early stages. Since it is he who can advise to eat certain foods, depending on how the pregnancy proceeds. For example, beets contribute to provoking the tone of the uterus, so if a pregnant woman's uterus is already in good shape, you cannot eat beets, so as not to worsen the existing situation. Also, in case of edema that a woman may develop during pregnancy, salt should not be eaten.

What should not be done during pregnancy?

Avoid allergies!Due to the direct effect of the food consumed, it is not recommended to consume large quantities of those foods that may cause allergies. Since in the future, this allergy may manifest itself in a baby. Foods that can cause allergies include chocolate, tomatoes, oranges, lemons, tangerines, and strawberries. To exclude the use of such products means to deprive yourself of pleasure and vitamins contained in them, therefore they must be consumed in small quantities.
Before eating products, they must be thoroughly washed, this applies to fruits and products such as meat or eggs must be thermally processed. This is necessary in order to get rid of all bacteria that they may contain and which, if not eliminated, can harm the health of both the baby and his mother.
Also, the prohibitions during pregnancy include flying on airplanes and changing the climate; you can go on vacation only in the first months of pregnancy. Until the 26th week of pregnancy, you can fly by plane. At a later date, flights are prohibited, since pressure drops affect the fetus. Low blood pressure can cause labor. For late flights, rare exceptions are made, but only with written confirmation from a doctor. It's better to just walk a lot in the fresh air.
It is not advisable for pregnant women to visit a hairdresser. For some women, this is a lot of stress, they have to endure as much as 9 months. In the early stages, you can go to the hairdresser, you just can't dye your hair with dyes with a high ammonia content. Since the chemicals that are part of the paint, all these substances easily penetrate the bloodstream, and this is very harmful for mom and baby. You should also not use hairspray or other aerosols - they also harm, getting into the lungs.
Micro-waves emanating from electrical appliances are harmful for a baby, this has been proven by scientists for a long time. Therefore, you should not talk on your mobile phone for too long and often unnecessarily. It is also not advisable to sleep in the immediate vicinity of the switched on phone.
Urinary tract infections are a direct contraindication to taking a bath. You should not dive into water if you feel the slightest discomfort. Perhaps your body is giving you a signal that you shouldn't take a bath today. If you suddenly feel unwell while taking a bath, do not try to get out of it yourself. You can fall, and in your position it is simply dangerous. In general, pregnant women, especially in the last months of an interesting situation, need helpers who will not let them fall when you get into or out of the bath. Therefore, try to plan water procedures for a time when you are not alone at home. The water should be warm, but not scalding. An excessive rise in body temperature is contraindicated throughout pregnancy. You should not go to the sauna, solarium, bath. It is also better to postpone with spa procedures. But take a bath - please. A warm bath is one of the few pleasures available to the expectant mother during all nine happy months. The water in the bath immediately starts to cool down as soon as you pour it. The upper body is usually above water and does not overheat. However, avoid lying in the tub for too long and try not to submerge yourself completely.
Aromatherapy for pregnant women. Many people like to take a bath with aromatic oils. During pregnancy, you will have to give up this pleasure. Any essential oils and strong odors are contraindicated as they can cause allergies and unpredictable consequences. But it's better to cut the amount of oils used at least in half. Be sure to tell your doctor about all the fragrances you usually use. Many oils can be hazardous to your unborn baby's health. The oils of basil, cedar, cinnamon, lemongrass, juniper, patchouli, and cypress are especially harmful. They invigorate too much, increase the tone of the uterus, and this can provoke a miscarriage at any time. Your doctor may let you occasionally indulge in chamomile, lavender, rosewood and sandalwood baths, but it's best not to risk it.
Herbal baths for pregnant women.Pregnant women can and should even take an herbal bath. This is the best solution to the question for the expectant mother, who cannot imagine life without a bath. Buy herbs at the pharmacy or collect them in the forest, in the field. You can grow chamomile, calendula, mint on the windowsill yourself. Herbs are added to the bath both fresh and dried. The easiest way is to put the grass in a cloth bag and tie it to the tap while filling the tub with water. Flowing through the bag, water will bring juices of useful herbs into the bath.

Want to quickly organize a herbal bath? Buy herbs in bags (for a one-time brew), brew several bags like tea, add the broth to a bath of warm water.

The most effective way to make a bath decoction looks like this. You need to take 2-3 tablespoons of dry herb, pour 2-3 liters of boiling water over it, heat it in a water bath for 15 minutes, and then strain and add to the bath. Whole flowers, stems, leaves can be infused in boiling water for about an hour and poured into a bath without first filtering. This is what a classic herbal bath looks like - decorated with floating flowers and leaves.

Clothes during pregnancy should be loose, do not tighten the waist. It is better to give up high heels now. First, it is dangerous: the risk of falling increases. Secondly, during this period, the center of gravity shifts, the load on the spine increases. And the heels enhance it. Therefore, starting from the second half of pregnancy, the risk of all kinds of radiculitis and neuralgia increases, which, of course, is useless for expectant mothers. From 4 to 5 months of pregnancy, it is recommended to wear a bandage, on the one hand, it reduces the load on the uterus, the fetus is in a more comfortable position. On the other hand, the bandage prevents abdominal distension during pregnancy. But only if the child does not feel discomfort at the same time (if the baby does not like something, he will definitely inform about it, for example, he will start pushing inside the tummy). It is prohibited to wear synthetic underwear, especially thongs. Choose natural cotton panties and specialty maternity bras.
Observations and data analysis were carried out at eight Sydney clinics and maternity hospitals. Particular attention was paid to women in late pregnancy. After the research, doctors said that expectant mothers are strongly advised not to sleep or lie on their backs. Otherwise, the risk of an unfortunate miscarriage increases 6 times. This is explained by the fact that the presence of a pregnant woman in the supine position or on the right side for a long time leads to a deterioration in the maternal blood supply to the fetus in the womb. Venous blood flow from the lower extremities to the heart is weakened.

According to Australians, maternal circulatory disorders are responsible for 10% of miscarriages.

You cannot raise your hands when the baby has already taken the correct position.
You cannot lie on your stomach and sit cross-legged.
Changing cat litter increases the likelihood of contracting toxoplasmosis. The result can be stunted growth of the baby, poorly developing brain, and damage to the eyes of the fetus.
Do not start repairs during this period - paints and toxins will disappear no earlier than in a year.
You can not lift weights and do intense exercise. If you overexert yourself, you can provoke a miscarriage or premature birth.
Do not use insect spray. The toxins enter your bloodstream and from there to your baby.
Pregnant women should not go in for sports, especially at a later date, they can simply overdo it. You can do light workouts at home, cleaning, cooking, while you need to monitor your breathing, breathe in with exertion, and exhale with gradual relaxation. With the help of such techniques, blood flows to the muscles, and metabolic processes in the body are enhanced. The sports exception applies only to female athletes. Their body is accustomed to constant stress and a sharp refusal from them can rather do harm. However, even such women should limit the load and not try to set records. And be sure to consult a doctor!
Pregnant women are prohibited from drinking alcohol, drugs, smoking and staying near a smoking person. If the smoke is inhaled, the fetus can develop cancerous growth, and smoking can cause premature birth. Children who are born to women who smoke have problems with the central nervous system.
One of the diseases dangerous for pregnant women is rubella. Rubella disease in the first half of pregnancy, when the baby's organs are being formed, can lead to the development of deformities in the fetus. Therefore, pregnant women should protect themselves from rubella infection, be less in a large crowd of people.
You can use cosmetics, but be careful! Face cream should not contain vitamin A (in large quantities it is very harmful), hydrocortisone (this is a steroid that, when used daily, is dangerous for a child), benzoyl peroxide. When it comes to gel and body lotion, it is best to choose cosmetics specifically for pregnant women. They are safe and contain ingredients designed to minimize the chances of stretch marks and breast deformities.
Is it okay to have sex during pregnancy? It is better to talk about this with the attending physician, who must observe you throughout the pregnancy.
A visit to the solarium is not recommended.
Do not take any medications on your own! The following medications are categorically contraindicated: Aminopterin, Methyltestosterone, Progestins, Quinine, Thalidomide, Trimetadine, Retinoids (isotretinoin, roanccutane, etretinate, tigazone, acitretin). But this is not a complete list. You shouldn't get any vaccinations.
In connection with the formation of the skeleton of the unborn child, calcium is needed. If it is not consumed with food, then the teeth of the pregnant woman will decay. Therefore, it is recommended to eat cottage cheese, milk, kefir daily; visit the dentist periodically. Pregnant women are advised to register with the antenatal clinic as early as possible from the moment of pregnancy. After all, only a qualified doctor can monitor the course of pregnancy!
Important: doctors do not recommend bringing strangers into the baby's house for about a month. Your home has its own atmosphere and microflora, the guests who come have their own. The child should develop immunity to his environment, so you should not gather crowds of people.

We hope these tips will help you! We wish you and your baby health.

Working expectant mothers are prohibited from:

Work in a workplace associated with harmful factors.Factors that are especially unfavorable for pregnant women include:

Radiation, since its effect in the first trimester of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks), when organogenesis occurs (the process of laying and the beginning of the formation of tissues and organs), can provoke the formation of fetal malformations, mental retardation, as well as spontaneous miscarriage or lead to a "frozen" pregnancy ... There are observations that people born to mothers who were systematically exposed to radiation during pregnancy develop leukemia and malignant brain tumors over time.

Radiologists and X-ray laboratory assistants are in constant contact with radiation at work.

Heavy metal salts, which primarily include mercury (contained in electrical equipment, used in metallurgical, chemical, automotive production) and lead (contained in some brands of gasoline, building materials, dyes for fabrics). Heavy metal salts - in case of systematic contact with them - have the ability to accumulate in the body, including in the tissues of the developing fetus, which can lead to teratogenic (formation of malformations), embryotoxic (damage to the embryo during its normal initial development) effects and cerebral paralysis.

Pesticides and insecticides - chemicals that are part of the means to control weeds, fungi, agricultural pests. Contact with these substances can lead to malformations of the limbs in the fetus, a mutagenic effect (damage to the germ cells, which results in the formation of hereditary diseases).

Work at night (Night shift work is typical for doctors and nurses, dispatchers, convenience store sellers, etc.). For the body, work at night is definitely harmful, as it leads to a failure of the biological rhythm, disruption of the normal production of melatonin (the main "regulator" of circadian rhythms in the human body), and therefore, it is stress. During pregnancy, night work can lead to spontaneous miscarriage or premature birth (studies show that night work increases this risk by 50%).
Lift and carry weightsas this can lead to miscarriage or premature birth. There are specially developed standards in production, according to which a pregnant woman, with periodic lifting and moving weights, can lift the maximum permissible weight of 2.5 kg, with frequent lifting - a weight of no more than 1.25 kg.

In accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer, in accordance with a medical report or at the request of a pregnant worker, is obliged to reduce the expectant mother's production rates, provide work that excludes the effects of adverse production factors. Overtime work is prohibited for pregnant women, as well as work at night, sending on a business trip.

Despite pregnancy, the vast majority of the responsibilities of maintaining cleanliness and home comfort usually rests on the shoulders of the hostess. But some types of housework are prohibited while waiting for the baby.

The expectant mother cannot:

Make sudden, gusty movements and torso bends (for example, lift a full bucket of water, shake out the carpet).
Carry heavy bags of groceries. The expectant mother is strictly forbidden to lift things weighing more than 5 kg.
Move and rearrange furniture independently.
Do household chores, during which you have to keep your hands up for a long time (for example, hanging curtains), as well as types of work associated with a sharp raising of hands and tension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall (for example, reaching things that are high on the closet or on the upper shelf of the kitchen locker, etc.).
Climbing a chair, stool, ladder or window sill (for example, to clean windows, dust off furniture, replace a burnt out light bulb, etc.).
To be in a squatting position for a long time (when washing the floor, cleaning carpets).

The above actions pose a danger to the health and well-being of the expectant mother and baby due to the fact that sudden movements, lifting weights, prolonged stay in a forced position leads to pronounced tension in the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, sharp changes in intrauterine pressure. This can lead to the threat of termination of pregnancy, as well as premature rupture of amniotic fluid. In addition, during pregnancy, the tissues of cartilage and joints acquire increased mobility and elasticity due to hormonal changes, and the center of gravity shifts. All this increases the risk of falls, which is especially dangerous when you are at a height (windowsill, ladder, etc.). The consequences of a fall can be very sad: premature placental abruption (internal bleeding due to the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before the baby is born) with the development of hemorrhagic (i.e., associated with large blood loss) shock in the mother, in severe cases - intrauterine fetal death ...

Physical exercise should be completely excluded in pregnant women with placenta previa (a pathology in which the placenta is attached in the lower segment of the uterus, above the internal os of the cervical canal, which threatens the development of profuse bleeding), with low placentation (when the edge of the placenta does not reach the cervical canal, but located less than 6-7 cm from it), with the threat of termination of pregnancy.

It is especially undesirable to constantly use products containing :

chlorine (found in bleaches, sanitizers for cleaning plumbing fixtures, stain removers),
phosphates (found in synthetic detergents),
ammonia (part of ammonia and window cleaners),
tuolen and xylen (part of aerosols, air fresheners).

Firstly, close and regular contact with harmful substances contained in everyday household chemicals can lead to the development of allergic reactions (even if they never existed before pregnancy) due to restructuring of the immune system, irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract.

Secondly, do not forget that harmful chemical agents can have teratogenic (provoking the formation of fetal malformations) and mutagenic (causing cell mutations) effect. For safety reasons, it is necessary to carefully read the label, exclude interaction with a product that is marked toxic, use gloves and a protective mask to exclude direct contact of the substance with the skin.

It is strictly forbidden to use means for the destruction of cockroaches, rodentsand other pests due to their high toxicity - the ability to cause severe poisoning, which can be dangerous for the expectant mother and baby.

It is also better not to practice renovation, since this type of activity combines almost all the hazards and threats listed above - from the risk of falling from a height, excessive physical exertion and ending with exposure to hazardous chemicals that are part of paints, solvents, building materials, etc. In such a difficult task as renovation, your position gives you a great advantage: you have every right to take on the most pleasant part - thinking over the design and decor.

It must be remembered that pets can be sources of infectious diseases - some of them are dangerous for expectant mothers. One of the most dangerous diseases, the primary infection of which in the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to malformations of the eyes and skull of the fetus, mental disability of the unborn baby, and termination of pregnancy is toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis disease in the later stages of pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, the birth of a child with insufficient body weight. The main source of toxoplasmosis infection is cats.

In this regard, pregnant women are prohibited from:

Clean the litter box as toxoplasmosis infection occurs through contact with feces. Entrust this responsibility to someone from the family, explaining the degree of danger to the health of the unborn baby.
Having a cat during pregnancy. This precaution is due to the fact that the new owners of cats have not developed immunity against toxoplasmosis, and the greatest risk for the successful course of pregnancy is precisely the primary infection, which can occur during the first contacts with a pet.

Sports activities

Often during pregnancy, expectant mothers first begin to think about the need to prepare for childbirth, which, as you know, is a significant physical activity. Among expectant mothers, there are quite a few active women who regularly did fitness before pregnancy and would like to continue exercising while waiting for the baby - their initial level of fitness, of course, will differ from the level of those who are just starting to exercise, so if there are no contraindications for continuing training, they can not be canceled, but it is recommended to reduce the intensity of the load by 70–80%.

In any case, before starting or continuing training, you should consult your obstetrician-gynecologist.

While waiting for the child, you must remember that:

It is forbidden to play sports and any kind of physical exercise for pregnant women with certain types of complications: polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancies, the threat of termination of pregnancy, isthmic-cervical insufficiency (a pathology in which the cervix does not perform its obturator function, shortening and opening long before the term of full-term pregnancy), with placenta previa and low placentation, with miscarriages in the past, as well as with increased blood pressure (for example, with gestosis, hypertension).
Any traumatic, and even more extreme, sports, high-intensity training, exercises associated with jumping and vibration, exercises on the abdominal press (for example, twisting, cycling) are prohibited, since an increase in intra-abdominal pressure can lead to untimely discharge of amniotic fluid, placental abruption, termination of pregnancy.
High-intensity loads can cause a violation of the supply of oxygen to the fetus - intrauterine hypoxia, a deterioration in the well-being of the expectant mother.
Such initial positions as lying on the stomach are canceled. In the second half of pregnancy, you cannot perform exercises lying on your back, since in this position, the development of the inferior vena cava syndrome is possible - a sharp deterioration in well-being up to fainting. This happens because the pregnant uterus presses on the large vessels of the abdominal cavity and the blood supply to the upper body worsens, because of this, blood pressure drops sharply.

The best option for expectant mothers is moderate aerobic physical activity (that is, contributing to blood oxygen saturation) - walking at a moderate pace in the fresh air, swimming and yoga, water aerobics, breathing exercises, exercises on fitball. The best option would be classes in groups created specifically for pregnant women.

When planning their vacation, expectant mothers need to remember that:

It is forbidden to visit the bathhouse and sauna in the first trimester of pregnancy, since during this period all organs and tissues of the unborn child's body are laid, and exposure to high temperatures can have a teratogenic (provoking the formation of malformations) effect.

After 14 weeks of pregnancy, the ban on visiting the baths and saunas is not so categorical, however, you should not risk your health and go to the bath with high blood pressure (for example, with hypertension), infectious diseases, especially accompanied by an increase in body temperature, with a threat premature birth, placenta previa and exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Don't go to nightclubs, since in these places, expectant mothers are affected by several adverse factors at once - in particular, tobacco smoke (and the harm of secondhand smoke for pregnant women is undeniable), loud noise, an increased likelihood of collisions in a crowd of dancers, etc. In addition, meetings with friends, while waiting for the baby, it is better to finish no later than 21-22 hours, which is dictated by the need to comply with a certain regimen (go to bed on time, ensure adequate sleep - for pregnant women, a night's sleep should last at least 8-9 hours, not to lose the usual biorhythm).

Personal care

Undoubtedly, during pregnancy, you can and should continue to monitor your appearance, but you must also remember about small restrictions:

When visiting a beautician, be sure to inform him about your "interesting position". Under the influence of hormonal changes, the skin of expectant mothers can acquire special sensitivity, which increases the risk of developing allergic reactions... Given this circumstance, it is undesirable to use new cosmetic products.

Prohibited during pregnancy invasive(associated with a violation of the integrity of tissues) cosmetic procedures: peels with trichloroacetic and retinolic acids, laser skin resurfacing, botox injections, photorejuvenation, mesotherapy.

During pregnancy the use of all hardware cosmetology techniques is prohibited, you cannot apply procedures that allow mechanical impact on the abdomen and chest area, tonic and lymphatic drainage massages, electrotherapy (physiotherapy method based on the dosed effect of electric currents and fields - electromyostimulation, electrolysis, etc.), microcurrents(a type of electrotherapy, which is based on the use of weak impulse currents, is most often used for myolifting of the face and neck). Various epilation methods: using electric current, photo and laser hair removal.

Mom-to-be do not go to the solarium, since in this case there is a high probability of the appearance of age spots on the skin under the influence of intense ultraviolet radiation, the pregnant woman and the fetus are also exposed to elevated temperatures in the solarium, which in some cases can contribute to the development of fetal hypoxia, uterine bleeding and other adverse consequences.

Compliance with the principles of good nutrition during pregnancy is an extremely important factor for the health of the unborn baby. When forming your diet while waiting for a child, you need to consider the following points:

It is dangerous to consume excessive amounts of foods that are likely to cause allergic reactions in the expectant mother and can form a predisposition to allergic reactions in the newborn - such foods are called obligate allergens (citrus fruits, chocolate, strawberries and strawberries, eggs, nuts, exotic fruits, caviar and seafood, smoked meats). It is advisable to abandon these types of products if possible, but if you really want to, then use them in small quantities and only from time to time.

From the diet of a pregnant woman should be excluded fast food products (chips, fried pies, french fries, hamburgers, shawarma etc.) due to the excess content of unhealthy fats, salt, dyes and preservatives.

You cannot eat dry food while running, as this will significantly complicate the full assimilation and digestion of food.

It is a mistake to believe that during pregnancy it is possible and necessary to “eat for two”. Excess body weight gain (normally during pregnancy, weight gain should not be more than 10–12? Kg) can complicate pregnancy and childbirth due to excessive stress on the body of the expectant mother.

Medical indications

Expectant mothers are prohibited from holding x-ray examination without compelling medical indications, since ionizing radiation has an extremely adverse effect on the body of a developing fetus (malformations, miscarriages, missed pregnancies can result). Given this fact, do not forget, when going to the dentist's appointment, to warn him about your pregnancy. Ideally, it is advisable to visit your dentist and other specialists during pregnancy planning.

In some cases, there are indications for an X-ray during pregnancy - it is carried out in cases where the benefits of it outweigh the risk (for example, for the diagnosis or exclusion of acute surgical pathology, since the decision on surgical intervention depends on the examination result, etc. .). In such cases, a diagnostic study is carried out only with the written consent of the patient and with the obligatory protection of the developing fetus with a special lead apron, which makes the risk from X-ray examination minimal.

It is strictly forbidden to practice self-medication in period of pregnancy! The fact is that the use of many drugs during this period leads to serious consequences. For example, the use of aspirin in the 1st trimester can lead to the formation of fetal malformations (skeletal abnormalities, cleft palate), and in the 3rd trimester, it increases the risk of bleeding. Only a doctor can prescribe drugs that are safe and effective in any given situation. It must also be remembered that an independent appointment medicinal herbs no less dangerous than medicines.

During pregnancy, it is highly undesirable to do vaccinations, therefore, it is necessary to take care of them at the stage of pregnancy planning (after some vaccinations, a certain amount of time must pass before conception). The question of the advisability of prescribing vaccinations in any case should be decided together with the doctor (or collectively - by a group of specialists) with careful weighing of all the pros and cons.

Bad habits

Negative action nicotine and alcoholon the development of the fetus is well known - this is the formation of congenital malformations, mental retardation, intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus, the threat of miscarriage. Naturally, from the moment of establishing the fact of pregnancy (or better - not less than 2-3 months before conception) alcohol and smoking should be excluded from the life of the expectant mother.

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10 strict "no" during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a state of mind, body and health of the whole organism. This is a wonderful and unforgettable period in the life of any woman, however, and quite vulnerable. Therefore, the expectant mother should not lose her vigilance and should know that it is strictly forbidden for her in these 9 months of paunchy happiness.

Alcohol

The effect of alcohol on the fetus is well researched. Ethanol easily penetrates through the placenta immediately into the blood of the fetus, causing congenital malformations. Facial abnormalities, microcephaly (underdevelopment of the brain), physical underdevelopment, abnormalities in the development of organs - this is what alcohol consumption threatens, especially in the first trimester.

Smoking

Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, which reacts with hemoglobin and replaces part of the oxygen during gas exchange. As a result, both the mother and the fetus lack oxygen. Intrauterine hypoxia is fraught with developmental delay, problems with the cardiovascular system, and reduced immunity. Smoking during pregnancy can cause placental abruption, pregnancy fading, and even premature birth. Nicotine can also affect the psyche of the unborn child.

Coffee

It is believed that excess caffeine leads to overstrain of the cardiovascular system in the mother and the fetus, causes anxiety and can even lead to miscarriage or premature birth. But here we must make a reservation that all this is so if you drink more than 3 cups of espresso a day. For women with high blood pressure, coffee is generally contraindicated.

Medicines

The instructions for the drug always indicate whether it is contraindicated for pregnant women. Otherwise, it is better to consult a doctor once again. Prohibited during pregnancy are vasoconstrictor nasal drops, ambroxol, ambrobene, aspirin, a number of antibiotics, etc.

Medicinal herbs

Among a fairly large number of useful medicinal herbs, there are those that can provoke a miscarriage, and those that have a negative effect on the fetus. You can find out which herbs are contraindicated in our Encyclopedia.

Weight lifting

Avoid lifting heavy objects (no more than 2 kg) during pregnancy. Such a rash movement can provoke a miscarriage. This is especially true for hypertonicity of the uterus.

X-ray and fluorography

There is a risk of damage to the child's nervous system with x-rays. Therefore, this type of diagnosis is prohibited during pregnancy.

Active sports

Sports such as weightlifting, equestrian sports, cycling and any other power and traumatic sports are strictly prohibited. It is recommended to give preference to swimming, walking in the fresh air, (yoga and Pilates).

Stress

You should always protect yourself from stressful situations, but especially during pregnancy. Therefore, if your work involves a busy schedule, frequent negotiations and active participation in large-scale projects, then think about how to avoid all this. The workload at work should in no way affect either your nerves or health - yours and your baby.

Some products

Do not eat raw or undercooked eggs... Eggs must be cooked thoroughly, whites and yolks must be firm. This prevents the risk of contracting Salmonella. Do not drink raw (not pasteurized) milk, it is possible only that which has undergone a thorough heat treatment or pasteurization. Raw or undercooked meatit is also prohibited to use during pregnancy. The same goes for sausages and minced meat. Should be avoided blue cheeses... They may contain listeria, a bacteria that causes listeriosis. Even a mild form of this infectious disease during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or serious illness in the newborn.