The bulb of an infrared lamp (usually red, less often blue glass) participates in the formation of the radiation spectrum and increases the overall efficiency of the lamp. Passing through colored glass, the remaining fraction of visible light in the radiation is “colored” into infrared colors. Recently, it has become widespread infrared halogen lamps.
Infrared rays emitted by the lamp (electromagnetic radiation) occupy the spectral region between red visible light (wavelength 0.74 µm) and shortwave radio emission (1-2 mm). The infrared region of the spectrum is divided into short wavelength (0.74-2.5 microns), medium wave(2.5-50 µm) and long wave(50-1000 microns).
Choice infrared lamp power, is based on the proportion: 1 kW per 10 m2.
To calculate the room illumination, you can use the room illumination calculator.
Infrared lamps are divided into:
- medical infrared lamps;
- infrared lamps for heating;
- infrared lamps for drying;
Technical characteristics of infrared heating lamps.
- 250W - maximum power
- 600°C - maximum temperature
- 3.5-5.0 µm - IR wave range
- 220V - supported voltage. Weight, kg
Types of infrared lamps:
- Mirror lamp IKZ-500 W, 220 V.
- Mirror red lamp IKZK-125 W
- Mirror red lamp IKZK-250 W
- Mirror red blue IKZS-125 W
- Mirror red blue IKZS-250 W
- Incandescent lamp in the form of a tube, 300 mm long and 10 mm in diameter NIK-1000 W, voltage - 220.
Advantages of infrared halogen lamps:
- instant heating in milliseconds;
- often have power adjustment: the output can be adjusted;
- heat can be focused and directed as needed;
- purity of technology, no contamination or emissions;
- Compact compared to combustion devices.
The infrared region can be divided into three separate bands based on wavelength, expressed in fractions of a meter. 1 m = 1,000 mm = 1,000,000 µm = 1,000,000,000 nm.
Shortwave IR-A: (780-1,400 nm): Produced by infrared lamps that operate at a high color temperature of about 2200 K, this produces short-wave radiation. The efficiency of the radiation source is high - about 92%. The heat source is a coiled tungsten wire contained in a quartz tube, which is usually filled with halogen gas. As energy passes through the spiral, rapid heating occurs.
Medium wave IR-B(1,400-3,000 nm): As the temperature of the heating source decreases, the radiation shifts toward longer wavelengths. At a standard color temperature of 1300 K, the efficiency of the radiation source decreases to 60%,
Longwave IR-C(3,000-10,000 nm): At even lower temperatures, the heating source will only generate low-energy long-wave radiation. The source is a coil of high resistance wire at such a low temperature that it does not need to be sealed in the lamp to protect it from oxidation. Often high resistance wire is pressed into a ceramic panel. The efficiency of the radiation source is about 40%; in addition, sources of long-wave infrared studies are characterized by a long response time, up to several minutes.
Types of infrared lamps.
Infrared incandescent lamps with reflector used in livestock farming and other agricultural industries, used for heating food in public catering, for health and medical purposes, for drying, heating, vulcanization, distillation, softening, pasteurization, polymerization, evaporation, etc.
Ruby red halogen lamps- used for heating large rooms, as well as external heating in common areas.
Clear Quartz Halogen Lamps- designed for drying paint, heating plastic in the manufacture of PET bottles, drying varnishes and printing inks, baking and hardening powder coatings, thermal sterilization.
Gold-plated halogen lamps- replace lamps with ruby quartz. Used where it is necessary to reduce brightness, create comfortable zones in cold outdoor spaces, effectively heat the space in large buildings, such as halls, warehouses, garages, stadiums, exhibition halls, etc.
Infrared lamp in medicine.
Infrared lamps in medical practice are often used in combination with quartz lamps, which expose the body to ultraviolet rays that enhance immunity and have anti-inflammatory properties.
- used as an analgesic and absorbent agent for chronic inflammatory processes, neuralgia and muscle pain;
- as an accompanying therapy in the treatment of respiratory diseases, cough, runny nose, ear diseases;
- when carrying out procedures related to facial and body skin care;
- in all cases where acceleration of blood circulation in the area of the diseased organ is indicated for treatment.
Infrared lamps for animals.
Scientists have proven that infrared radiation helps increase appetite and feed digestibility in piglets, calves, foals, young poultry and purebred dogs. As a result, the weight gain of young animals per unit time increases significantly. Animals' bodies are better able to resist disease. Moreover, since infrared radiation is living heat, the operation of infrared lamps warms the room and dries the hay. Therefore, hygiene and cleanliness in places where livestock are kept increases, losses are reduced in winter, when young animals especially suffer from lack of heat, crowd together and injure each other.
Features of the operation of infrared lamps.
If you decide to purchase an infrared lamp and have already decided on the type, you need to know that mirror infrared lamps have a standard E27 threaded base. Remember that only ceramic sockets should be used for infrared lamps, bearing in mind the strong heat radiation of the lamp.
Staying at a dacha or in a country house in winter should be comfortable and convenient. Therefore, you should take care of high-quality heating. Among other heating devices available to modern consumers, infrared heating lamps are especially worth highlighting. They will be discussed further in the material.
Although infrared heaters were developed and began to be used at the end of the 20th century, they were only recently appreciated. Currently, heating lamps are actively used for heating small rooms, although they are not suitable for heating the entire house.
What are space heating lamps?
Infrared lamps for heating rooms are in great demand both for use in commercial premises and in private residential buildings. They can replace traditional, bulky and immobile devices running on solid fuel or gas. In appearance, infrared heaters resemble ordinary light bulbs, the only difference being their high thermal power and color – white or red.
Essentially, this is a lamp with a bulb filled with a mixture of argon and nitrogen, in which a tungsten filament is placed. The cartridge for it is installed in standard size E27, but only made of ceramic - plastic will not withstand high temperatures.
You can purchase such heating lamps either assembled inside a finished device or separately. The inside of the lampshade in the heater is usually made mirrored to reflect heat waves towards the room.
Characteristics
The main characteristics of infrared lamps are:
- incandescent temperature – 600 ℃;
- maximum operating power – 500 W;
- mains voltage – 220 V;
- infrared wave range – up to 5 microns;
- service life – up to 6000 hours.
When choosing IKZK lamps for heating in your home, you should calculate their number based on the power standard of 1 kW per 10 m2. This standard applies to insulated rooms with plastic double-glazed windows, as well as with insulation laid on the floor, ceiling and doorway. If there are uninsulated places in the room through which the cold can penetrate into the room, you will have to increase the number of heating devices or their power.
Pros and cons of red heat lamps
Heating devices with infrared lamps are quite in demand among consumers, especially if there is no opportunity, time or desire to build something larger and permanent. Therefore, such heating lamps are very often purchased by owners of dachas and country houses.
Let's consider the main advantages of this type of heating devices:
- heat lamps for heating do not burn oxygen during operation and do not evaporate moisture from the air, unlike other portable devices;
- During the operation of infrared heaters, no convective air flows occur, which provides residents with a comfortable microclimate;
- the use of ceiling lamps for heating of the PLEN type can significantly save the usable space of the room and ensure sufficient efficiency;
- heating devices do not create any noise and are absolutely non-toxic;
- installation of such equipment is profitable from a financial point of view and allows you to effectively heat a certain area of the room;
- there are no additional costs for the purchase of fuel materials, so heating costs are reduced by approximately 60%;
- the service life of film-type infrared heaters is about 30 years or even more;
- since the operation of a lamp for heating rooms is not associated with the combustion of fuel materials, they do not emit any combustion products, therefore, additional ventilation in the room is not required;
- heaters with infrared lamps are not afraid of power surges or power outages, they still remain operational;
- to avoid breakdowns due to overloads or overheating (the body of the device does not heat up more than 38 ℃), heaters are usually equipped with a protective mechanism;
- such lamps do not cause fires, and the possibility of electric shock is excluded;
- the use of equipment from this group is very convenient because they can be left turned on even if no one is in the house, while the necessary microclimate will be maintained in the room and there is no fear of fires or accidents;
- The power of infrared lamps is quite enough to efficiently heat even fairly large rooms, providing optimal living conditions. The only thing is to select the required number of lamps based on the size of the room.
It is noteworthy that, according to medical research, infrared radiation has a general strengthening effect on a person, so the presence of such devices in an apartment to some extent contributes to the health of the body.
Like any other electrical device, an infrared heating lamp creates an electromagnetic field, but it is so insignificant that it is not worth attention. But the ease of installation of such equipment can easily be considered a plus.
Models of infrared heaters are available for sale that can operate autonomously and are easily programmed. For example, if you want an infrared light lamp to heat a room to a certain temperature, and only while you are in it, you just need to install the appropriate program, and the equipment will turn off at a specified time. In addition, such devices are able to remember the entered parameters, so you do not have to set them again.
Among the disadvantages, there is only one circumstance that can become an obstacle to the use of infrared lamps for heating rooms. We are talking about the availability and consistency of electricity supply in the house. However, there is always a way out of the situation - the devices can be connected to a charged battery or uninterruptible power supply, which will ensure the operation of the equipment for the required time. True, in order to avoid surprises, it is worth monitoring the charge level and operating condition of the equipment.
Operating principle of heaters with IR radiation
The peculiarity of equipment with IR lamps is that the thermal energy emitted by them is transferred to the surfaces of objects or people in the room, and is not absorbed by the air. This is the main difference between such devices and conventional electric heaters. Heating of objects is carried out only in the field of exposure to lamps. Thus, heat accumulates in solid objects, such as walls, pieces of furniture, and is then transferred into the room and warms the air.
As already mentioned, a red heat lamp emits heat waves only in the area at which it is directed. In this regard, only local heating occurs.
Some consumers mistakenly believe that heating with infrared lamps is only advisable in industrial premises or office buildings, while their home use is not so effective and therefore not justified. However, it turns out that compared to traditional radiator batteries, convectors or oil heaters, heating with incandescent lamps is more efficient and economical. They do not require a supply of fuel to operate, and they consume much less electricity.
A variety of models of heaters with infrared light lamps allows you to conveniently place them in any room. Such devices are compact and do not take up much space. A very convenient option for placing IR heaters would be installation under the ceiling - this way they can cover a larger area. Thanks to modern technologies, manufacturers produce devices that can be easily built into the ceiling - this approach not only allows you to effectively heat the room, but also fits harmoniously into the interior design.
Film-type infrared heating (PLEN)
Another type of heaters with infrared radiation is resistive foil film. Many consumers know it as infrared heated floors. Although in most cases such film is laid under the finishing floor covering, as an option, it can be laid over the entire ceiling or on the walls.
Film-type heating systems have one installation feature - they should not be placed on top of the walls or ceiling, but between the finishing cladding material and the thermal insulation layer.
Thanks to this approach, the use of film heating will be as efficient as possible and will reduce heat loss to a minimum. At the same time, the heating elements of the heating system will not be visible on the surface, so the consumer can implement even the most daring design projects in his home, in which there is no place for traditional floor or hanging heaters.
Practice shows that equipping a residential building with infrared film heating devices helps save energy and financial resources for the consumer by up to 40%.
We hope that the information provided about infrared light lamps for heating will be useful to the consumer, so that he can independently decide on the type and number of heating devices for his home.
Proper maintenance of chickens is a guarantee of maintaining their health and egg production. In order for the birds to feel good throughout the year, it is important to insulate the chicken coop and provide lighting in it. You should worry about this even at the construction stage.
In order for the chickens to be productive, it is important to maintain a favorable temperature in the chicken coop and here's why:
- This prevents colds.
- Creates comfortable conditions for birds to hatch eggs.
- Broilers continue to gain weight.
- Warmth in the room prevents the development of arthritis of the extremities.
If the temperature in the chicken coop drops below 5 degrees Celsius, the birds' immunity decreases, they often catch colds, grow slowly and lay eggs poorly. Humidity and frost can cause chickens to develop arthritis.
REFERENCE! Despite the fact that the hen warms the hatching eggs with her body, the embryos are too sensitive to temperature changes, and if the chicken coop is not heated in winter, most of them will die.
However, you should not raise the temperature above 18 degrees - this will disrupt the natural biorhythms of the birds, which will negatively affect their productivity. It is important to monitor temperature fluctuations using a thermometer. Place it in a place where birds will not be able to peck at it.
There are 2 methods of heating a chicken coop, which can be used individually or combined:
- installation of artificial heaters;
- insulation of the room.
We will return to the first a little later, and we will consider the second in more detail.
Insulation of floors
You need to start insulating from the floor - there is no need to save at this stage; the layer of litter should be dense in order to increase the thermal insulation efficiency. The following materials are suitable for this purpose:
- moss peat– absorbs chicken droppings, neutralizes unpleasant odors, and helps maintain sanitary conditions.
- Straw- retains heat perfectly, however, due to its softness it can quickly wear down. It needs updating and timely cleaning of the moldy layer, otherwise it can lead to rotting of the entire flooring and various bird diseases.
- Wood shavings or sawdust– maintains an optimal balance of humidity in the chicken coop. Sawdust from coniferous trees has an antiseptic effect, which has a beneficial effect on the health of chickens.
Next, you can begin to insulate the walls and ceiling. Whatever material you choose for this purpose - vapor barrier film, polystyrene foam or wood shingles - be sure to make sure that there are no cracks left into which cold wind can blow.
Chicken coop lighting
After the chicken coop is erected and insulated, it is time to think about lighting. What is important in this matter is the power of the lamps, brightness, flicker frequency and even color. To make the right choice, it is enough to be guided by the following principles:
- For every 6 sq. m. one lamp of 60 watts - calculate the required amount based on the area.
- Fluorescent lamps must have a power of no more than 40 watts.
- Fluorescent lamps with a flickering effect with a frequency of 26 GHz are suitable for the chicken coop.
- Sodium lamps are suitable for lighting dark corners of the coop.
- It is better to move electrical wiring and panels outside the poultry house.
- It is better to protect the lamps with thick shades and nets, so that if it breaks, the hens and chicks will not be damaged by the fragments.
- Brightness: small chickens - 30 lux, teenagers - 5 lux, if there is a rooster in the coop - 15 lux.
- Smooth-fading lamps – provide a gradual transition from light to darkness, which has a beneficial effect on the mental health of birds. Abruptly turning off the light, on the contrary, can lead to panic and crush.
In spring and summer, daylight begins at approximately 5 am and ends at 8-9 pm. The chickens get used to this regime and lay eggs and grow quite safely. However, starting in autumn, daylight hours gradually decrease, the sun rises later and it gets dark earlier. Chickens have a harder time navigating, and they slow down or completely stop growing and laying eggs. To prevent this, poultry farmers came up with the idea of artificially increasing daylight hours in the chicken coop.
On sale you can find special colored lamps for poultry farming, which cost several times more than usual. According to the manufacturer, each color can have a positive effect on chickens and increase productivity in both laying hens and broilers. Eg:
- Blue – calms chickens.
- Green – stimulates their growth.
- Orange – helps to increase the number of eggs laid.
- Red also calms and prevents pecking.
However, it is worth noting that farmers have not come to a consensus about the effectiveness of lamps of this kind. Whether to overpay or not is up to you to decide.
Artificial heating
So, the chicken coop is insulated and lit, it’s time to think about installing artificial heat sources, and there are plenty to choose from:
Electric heaters- one of the most expensive ways to heat a chicken coop. These include oil radiators, heat guns, air heaters, etc. The advantages include ease of installation and adjustment of temperature indicators. But this convenience will come at the cost of a hefty electricity bill.
Gas heaters- this method is used only in large farms, since buying a gas boiler will cost a lot of money. In addition, gas equipment requires professional setup, and the work of a specialist is also expensive.
Stove heating- the most cost-effective method, compared to the above, although slightly outdated. Requires strict outside control, as well as compliance with fire safety standards.
These heating methods have long been adopted on farms and have both their pros and cons. Nowadays, infrared lamps and heaters are becoming increasingly popular.
Red light bulbs for heating chickens and animals
If you are a thorough housekeeper, you have probably at least once seen large red lamps with a mirror bulb inside in agricultural and construction stores.
So, this is not just a source of red light, but also a device that emits heat. The power of such an infrared lamp is enough to warm 10 square meters of room. And also the features of using an IR lamp include:
- The rays of the infrared lamp warm up the surrounding objects, and not the air, due to which the poultry house optimal humidity and temperature are maintained. Accordingly, there is no longer any need to constantly dry and change sawdust or straw on the floor.
- The lamp can be left on at night, as its light does not interfere with laying hens’ sleep and has a calming effect.
- IR lamp does not burn oxygen, which distinguishes it from other heaters.
About 90% of the lamp's energy is spent on heat generation, the remaining 10% on lighting, which indicates its extremely high efficiency.
ON A NOTE! It has been scientifically proven that soft red light has a beneficial effect on the health of birds, helps strengthen the nervous system, immunity and rapid absorption of nutrients.
Infrared heater
The second most popular heater after IR lamps. It works on a similar principle and warms up objects in the range of the rays, rather than the air. Has the following advantages:
Economical– heats the room with minimal energy consumption, especially if there is a thermostat.
Silent– accordingly, his work does not irritate the birds.
Safe– devices of this type have a high fire safety class.
How to place it correctly?
To ensure safety, it is better to place infrared devices, be it a lamp or a heater, as high and far from the chickens as possible. The best place for this is the ceiling. Purchase high-quality wiring in advance and prepare all the necessary tools.
An infrared lamp is a source of heat and soft light. It has found application in all spheres of human life and activity. The main reason for the popularity of the IR lamp is the focused, directed heat and tangible savings. In essence, this is an alternative source of heating for residential or industrial premises.
Specifications
Infrared lamps have special characteristics. Most of the absorbed energy is converted into heat, as a rule, they are made from colored - red or blue - glass, often with a mirror coating, they are shaped like an inverted bulb.
IR lamps are equipped with a standard threaded base (E27), so they are suitable for ordinary household sockets. There are options with base sizes E14 and E40. One feature: can only be inserted into ceramic cartridges. High power will simply melt the plastic cartridge, which can result in a short circuit.
Variety and features
Infrared lamps can be of three types: traditional or incandescent lamps, halogen, mirror, ceramic.
Traditional infrared incandescent lamps are very similar in design to classic incandescent lamps used for indoor lighting. The heating element is based on a tungsten filament.
Halogen lamps have replaced the incandescent lamps we are used to. They work by creating a halogen environment in the flask.
Mirrors have a cone shape. The inner surface is covered with mirror amalgam - an alloy of metal and mercury. This coating reflects light rays, that is, it serves as a reflector. Due to this property, thermal radiation is focused on a specific object, thereby increasing efficiency.
Ceramic infrared lamps look similar to a regular light bulb. Fire-resistant ceramics are used for the outer shell, which increases the product’s resistance to mechanical damage, moisture and temperature changes. Ceramic IR lamps are used for heating industrial (greenhouses, greenhouses, livestock houses, etc.) or residential premises.
Mechanism of action
Infrared radiation is created by electromagnetic vibrations. The special composition of the gas inside the bulb, as well as the metal for the filament, shifts the effect to the effective infrared radiation range. In this range, light accounts for no more than 10 percent of the power; most of the electricity is converted into thermal radiation.
It is not by chance that infrared heat sources are made from colored glass. Red or blue colors participate in the formation of the emission spectrum, increasing the usefulness of the lamp. Light rays pass through the painted glass and take on infrared colors. It is due to colored glass that the light becomes softer and more pleasant to perceive by the human eye.
Term of the work
IR lamps require virtually no time to warm up; they provide full thermal power immediately after switching on. They have a long service life. The mirror infrared lamp in a red bulb (IRLC) can continuously operate for 6500 hours. Mirror infrared lamps in blue bulbs (IRBL) can operate continuously for 6000 hours. Ceramic heaters - from 4000 to 10,000 hours.
Areas of use
Infrared heaters are used where focused heat is needed. Since lamps have antibacterial and antiviral properties, they are widely used in medicine. Now they are widely used in cosmetology.
The widespread use of IR heaters is observed in agriculture and livestock farming, where they are necessary to create a special atmosphere for the germination of seeds and the growth of young animals, heating greenhouses and livestock. In production they are used for drying various painted products. The red lamp has also found its application in food production - for pasteurization and drying.
Medicine
Infrared radiation increases blood circulation, which helps to better supply cells with oxygen and necessary substances and remove waste products. When using infrared rays, faster cell regeneration occurs. They have an analgesic effect, increase immunity and are used not only for medicinal but also for preventive purposes.
In medicine, an infrared lamp is used for various purposes:
Painkiller
Warming
Antibacterial
Antispasmodic
Stimulating
Anti-inflammatory
Antiviral
- Hygienic.
Specific types are used for each purpose. For example, halogen infrared sauna lamps create gentle heat with deep penetration. Reflective infrared lamps provide a relaxing effect after heavy exertion.
The red lamp can be used at home to treat colds, ear, nose or throat diseases, muscle or joint pain, etc.
Livestock
In livestock farming, infrared heaters are used for raising young animals, where a special temperature regime is required.
Main advantages:
1. Easy to install (they can be used in any room where there is electrical wiring)
2. Budget: IR heaters are relatively inexpensive (from 300 rubles apiece) and absorb little electricity (from 0.25 kilowatts per hour)
3. Safety: creating an optimal temperature regime allows you to avoid crowding and, as a result, injury to animals,
4. Hygiene: animals' bedding is always dry and clean.
Optimal temperature conditions mean animal resistance to diseases, increased weight and egg production, better feed absorption and reduced mortality. For a farmer, the best heating lamp is an infrared one, preferably with a reflector or ceramic.
Industry
In production, IR lamps are used for drying painted parts, bulk materials or treated surfaces, as well as for heating a room. Relatively small sizes, ease of installation and resistance to temperature changes are their main trump card.
In industry they are used not only in the production process. They are of great importance for heating the room. Such a heater is needed where, firstly, it is not possible to create constant heating, and secondly, there is simply no need for it. Ceramic heaters are the most reliable.
Crop production
In crop production, infrared heaters are needed mainly for heating greenhouses.
A heater for greenhouses can be mobile or stationary, electric or gas. The main thing is that it provides rays of infrared radiation necessary to create an optimal climate.
A stationary heater is used for large greenhouses used all year round. It is mounted on the roof of the room. Mobile is used for small seasonal greenhouses.
The electrical power system is most common for an infrared lamp, but if it is not possible to connect the heater to an outlet, a gas option is suitable. One of the advantages of this heating option is absolute autonomy when using liquefied gas. The absence of electrical wires in greenhouses, where there is always high humidity, also plays an important role.
At home, infrared lamps are used to propagate seedlings. There is simply no better option for creating optimal temperature conditions.
