After completing the installation work of the systems internal sewerage and gutters, the installation organization must carry out their tests with the drawing up of an act in accordance with Appendix "D" "Internal sanitary systems of the building" (updated edition of SNiP 3.05.01-85). These tests should be carried out using the water spill method by simultaneously opening 75% of the sanitary fixtures connected to the tested area. From the test method comes the "household" name of the act - the act on the sewerage strait or the act of the sewerage strait. However, the title of the act according to the regulatory documentation is as follows - test report for internal sewerage and gutter systems.
We figured out the correct name of the act and its purpose. Now let us dwell in more detail on the form of the test certificate for internal sewerage and drainage systems and the method of filling it.
First, we fill in the name of the system for which the tests were carried out. We take the name of the system from the design documentation. For example, it could be “ household sewerage K1 ".
Next, you need to fill in the name of the capital construction object. There is nothing complicated here. We take information about the name from the project documentation or building permits. After that, we enter data on the city in which the capital construction object is located and the date of the tests.
The block in which the data on the commission that conducted the tests is entered includes the following information: the name of the customer's organizations, the general contractor, the installation (construction) organization, as well as the positions, initials and surnames of the representatives of these organizations.
In clause 1 of the test report for internal sewerage and drainage systems, data (name) about design organization, code of project documentation, drawing numbers in accordance with which installation work was performed.
In paragraph 2, we indicate the number of simultaneously open sanitary appliances and the time during which the tests were carried out. Sanitary appliances include bathtubs, washbasins, shower trays, ladders, bidets, toilet bowls, toilet bowls, urinals, sinks, sinks, and sinks. During the tests, in accordance with at the same time, at least 75% of the sanitary devices connected to the tested area must be open.
Clause 3 of the sewerage test report includes data on the defects identified during the tests. If no defects were found, then we put a record that during inspection during testing, no leaks through the walls of pipelines and joints were found.
Based on the results of the tests, a decision of the commission is made, which is recorded in the end switch of the act. As a rule, this is a template paragraph, which is only supplemented with data on the name of the tested system.
After the completion of the tests, the report of the strait is signed by all members of the commission. Changing the form of the act and deviating from it is not allowed.
Quality control of the sewer system should be carried out at all stages of its construction. First of all, the compliance of materials with standards and requirements is checked. Further, the process of installing the system is monitored. Finally, a fully assembled sewer test is carried out.
What to check
Checking the operability of the sewer system includes:
- tests of the internal sewerage system;
- checking the tightness of pipelines;
- determination of the operability of wells;
- storm sewer tests.
What concerns the internal sewage system
The internal sewerage network includes:
- plumbing products, including household appliances that drain water;
- internal pipelines connected to a common sewer riser;
- central sewer riser, equipped with a fan pipe.
What belongs to the external sewage system
The outer part of the sewer network includes:
- pipelines that carry wastewater from the house to the disposal site;
- wells that need to be installed at the points of connection, branching of pipes or a difference in the height of the network;
- treatment facilities;
- storm drains and storm water inlets.
Who is responsible for the operability of the sewage system
The commission that inspects the sewer network includes representatives of:
- the company making up. This organization is responsible for the correctness of calculations and drawing up drawings of the sewage network;
- organization that carried out research on the terrain in which the installation of the sewage system was planned This company is responsible for the correctness of the data regarding climatic conditions, environmental conditions, on the basis of which the system was designed;
- companies involved in laying the sewerage network are responsible for the quality of work and compliance with existing standards;
- customer organization. Supervises all stages of construction. Is responsible for the correctness of the check when putting the sewer network into operation.
Each organization has its own area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility, the boundaries of which are clearly defined. After the inspection, all members of the commission sign a test report for the sewerage system.
If errors or shortcomings are found, each company can be brought to criminal, disciplinary or administrative liability.
Internal sewerage network test
When carrying out test work, it is required to be guided by SNiP "Sewerage. External networks and facilities ". According to this document, the following is checked:
- compliance with the developed project;
- testing of sewerage pipelines for strength and reliability of joints;
- the correctness and reliability of the installed devices and flush elements;
- the verticality of the mounted risers.
Testing knots
Compliance with the project is checked visually. Each element of the system must be located exactly in the place where it is indicated on the plan or drawing.
All installed devices must be free of debris and thoroughly rinsed. They should not have visible damage (chips, cracks, etc.), curvatures. When installing devices, bending must not be allowed.
The risers are checked for verticality with a plumb line.
Pipeline testing
The pipeline test can be carried out hydraulically or pneumatically.
The hydraulic test of the sewage system consists in pumping the system with water, and the pneumatic test with air.
The system can be checked with water if the ambient temperature is at least 5 ° C. In other cases, it is recommended to use the pneumatic method.
If the house has more than one floor, then the system is checked on each of them separately. To temporarily disconnect the floor from the general sewage system, plugs inserted into the revision are used.
Testing of pipelines is carried out according to the following scheme:
- all pipes are checked for the presence and residues of construction debris. If necessary, they are washed;
- the horizontal sections of the pipeline are being tested for sewerage straits. For this, at least ¾ of all drainage devices are opened. The fenced off section of the sewer system is completely filled with water. If no leaks are found within 10 minutes of operation, then the test is considered passed;
- to check the vertical sections of the pipeline, water is supplied under a pressure not exceeding 0.08 MPa. The test of the sewerage system for the tightness of pipelines is completed if no leaks or breaks in the system are found within 15-20 minutes.
If a leak is found in one or more pipe sections, the problem should be corrected and tested first.
External sewerage network test
The external sewage test is also carried out in most cases hydraulically. Verification includes:
- testing the pipeline for tightness (carried out as described above. For testing, take pipe sections located between the wells or other elements of the system);
- checking the level of the slope of the pipeline;
- testing of wells and other equipment;
- checking the performance of storm drains.
A level is used to check the pipe-laying level required for a gravity sewer system.
If a pressure sewerage test is carried out, then it is necessary to supply water to the pipeline system under the pressure specified in the design documents.
The test of the pressure sewerage pipelines is considered to be successfully passed if the pressure value in the course to the network and at the outlet from it is the same.
Checking wells
The test of wells for tightness is carried out in various ways, depending on the equipped waterproofing:
- if internal insulation is made in the well, then the check consists in determining the amount of leakage;
- if the well is equipped with external insulation, then the level of fluid inflow must be determined for verification.
In both cases, to test the well, it is required to fill it with water to a certain level.
Testing of other devices included in the external sewerage system (for example, septic tanks) is carried out in the same way.
Storm runoff check
To check the performance and tightness of storm drains, you need:
- install a plug at the wastewater outlet;
- fill the system with clean water to the maximum level (this includes drainage systems installed around the perimeter of the roof, and drains);
- stand for at least 10 minutes for metal pipes and at least 20 minutes for plastic pipes.
If, as a result of the check, the water level in the system has not decreased, then it can be put into operation.
Check plastic pipes possible only after 24 hours have passed after sealing the last joint.
Testing the sewer network is a mandatory procedure carried out before its operation. Carrying out an inspection allows you to detect all construction defects in time and correct them in a timely manner. It is recommended that all work on checking the system be carried out until the final finishing of the house and digging trenches on the outside of the system.
After installing the sewerage system, before proceeding to finishing work inside and backfilling of trenches from the outside, the drainage network must be tested to ensure that the nodes, pipelines and their connections are tight. The external system and the internal network are checked in various ways, regulated by the fundamental document of the builders - SNiP. How to test the tightness of pipes and sewer connections by methods of spillage, filling, in other ways, and what data is entered, if necessary, into the inspection report, you will find out by reading the article.
Sewerage nodes and systems to be tested
The entire sewerage system in each building is subdivided into an internal drainage network and outdoor sewerage... Internal sewerage wiring includes the following nodes to be checked:
- plumbing fixtures and their connections with outlet pipes;
- local sections of a horizontal pipeline with pipes flowing into it from plumbing fixtures;
- sewer risers;
- outgoing pipe.
In the outer part of the sewer system, sections of the pipeline (between cleaning, auxiliary equipment) are tested for tightness, as well as:
- operability of wells, tightness and slope of the pipeline;
- condition of treatment or storage facilities (reservoirs);
- storm sewer.
Parties involved in verification
If we are talking about a more or less large-scale construction, where several organizations take part, not counting the customer, all of them carry out tests of the sewer systems, after which the results are documented in the corresponding inspection report.
Usually, the following are involved in checking the sewage system:
- the organization that prepared the project and is responsible for the correctness of calculations and selection of materials and components;
- a company that analyzed climatic and soil conditions and made recommendations on the layout of the external components of the sewer system;
- contractor directly involved in installation worksconnected with the laying of internal and external sewage networks and is responsible for the compliance of the measures taken with the project and the existing requirements prescribed in the SNiP;
- the customer who controls the correctness of the tests of the outlet pipes, connections and some functional units of the sewer network inside the building and on the outside of the drainage system.
Each of the representatives of the parties participating in the tests and signing the final verification report is responsible for inaccuracies and shortcomings that arose during testing of sections of the system, individual nodes or the entire network as a whole.
Methods for testing sections of internal sewerage
What and how is checked when checking the compliance of the internal network with the project and the established norms is described in SNiP “Sewerage. Internal and external networks and facilities ". According to this fundamental construction document, inside the building, the following parameters of the sewer system are subject to verification and then reflected in the final document (inspection certificate):
- testing network pipes for strength, and their connections for tightness;
- compliance of the location of the installed devices and elements of the outlet pipeline with the design documentation;
- the correct installation of plumbing fixtures in relation to the floor surface (the distance from the floor to the upper edge of the receiver of each plumbing fixture is spelled out in the above-mentioned SNiP);
- the presence of a slope of the horizontal sections of the pipe and the degree of verticality of the risers.
The test of pipes and joints for tightness in a gravity system, regardless of the material of manufacture of the pipeline and fittings, is carried out by the spill method. The essence of the technique is that part of the main pipeline (lounger) is fenced off in a certain area from the rest of the system. This is done with special plugs through the revision holes. The separated area is checked by filling with water through the pipes of plumbing fixtures. According to SNiP, the results of the strait deserve attention if the pipeline was filled with the participation of at least ¾ (or 75%) of all devices connected in this isolated section. Testing the pipeline by the spillage method is considered positive if the connections after filling the system did not give the slightest leak within 10-15 minutes (depending on the volume of the area filled with water).
According to the regulatory documentation, the strait, that is, the test of the sewer system by filling with water, is informative when air t˚ is above 5˚. If the temperature is lower, a pneumatic check of the tightness of pipes and connections is carried out (with compressed air). The integrity of the riser is also determined by the air method, sometimes - the outer sections of the pipeline. We will apply the pneumatic testing method when assessing the performance of the pressure sewerage system, when drains are forced outside, under the pressure created by the pumping equipment.
The location of the installed plumbing fixtures and its compliance with the design documentation is determined visually. The height of the receiver of each device, the correct connection of the toilet drain, the siphons of the washbasin, bath, sink, etc. are objectively assessed and reflected in the act. The condition of the plumbing fixtures themselves is also visually assessed. They must be free of visible contamination and mechanical damage.
The correctness of the slope of the pipes inside and outside the building is controlled using a bubble level. If the slope of the bed of the internal sewage network is allowed at least 1 cm per linear meter, then from the outside this indicator must be increased to 2 cm per meter.
The position of the riser installation (this data is also reflected in the final act) is checked with a plumb line. A deviation of 3˚ from the vertical is allowed. A water-tightness test of the riser is also carried out. The pressure should be about 0.8 MPa.
Testing the sewage system outside the building
In most cases, external sections and nodes of the sewer network are carried out hydraulically (except for the mentioned situation with a low air temperature). Test objects are:
- pipeline (tightness, slope);
- operability of drop and rotary wells;
- the state of the storm sewer (tightness of gutters, gutters, the ability to drain a given volume of water per unit of time).
The discharge arm is tested like an internal pipeline (spillage, compressed air). In pressure sewerage networks, the integrity of connections and pipes is checked under pressure. The test is considered positive if the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the system is the same, which indicates that there are no leaks.
Wells are tested by filling with water. A filled tank with hermetically sealed inlet and outlet openings should not form leaks, that is, the water level in the well should be constant over a certain period of time. Tests of other structures included in the outdoor sewerage system (cesspools, septic tanks) occurs in a similar way. The results of the tightness test are reflected in the act.
The storm sewer is checked as follows:
- the drain is sealed into a common outlet pipe;
- the system is filled with water (horizontal drains along the perimeter of the roof, vertical gutters);
- the result is taken into account after 10 minutes (for metal systems) or after 20 (for plastic);
- a positive result of stormwater testing is entered into the inspection report if the water level has not changed, and leaks at the joints of pipes and fittings are not visually detected.
Important! If a sealant was used when joining the stormwater drainage elements, the system is tested after 24 hours from the end of the installation work.
It is necessary to test the sewer system before starting finishing works inside the building and backfilling of trenches and pits outside. Testing allows you to find and correct defects in the installation of sewer pipelines and structures in time. The operation of the sewage system is possible if in the final document (inspection certificate) all tests carried out in accordance with SNiP were successful.
