METAL ACCESSORIES
Eaves strip KP-1 / KP-2 (red, green, brown) is installed on all eaves; end strips PT-1 / PT-2 along the entire length of the roof ends; PP-1 / PP-2 abutment strips are installed in places where the roof joins the walls.
When calculating the required amount metal accessories, it should be borne in mind that their standard length is 2m, installation is carried out with an overlap equal to 2cm.
BITUMEN TILES.
Determine the area - the sum of the areas of all its segments.
Each package of shingles contains 3 sq.m. already finished roofing carpet (taking into account the overlap during installation). Package weight - 24kg. When calculating the required amount of tiles, in order to avoid problems caused by insufficient amount of material, it is necessary to take into account the coefficient corresponding to the complexity of the roof. On the most difficult roofs, it does not exceed 1.05 (5%).
RIDGE AND EAVY TILES.
Ridge / eaves tile has rectangular shape... The size of one ridge / eaves tile is 1000x250 mm. Cornice and ridge tiles are versatile and designed in such a way that they can be used in both cases. When the tile is used as a cornice (starting) tile, it is used in its entirety and mounted in a joint. In the case of using a tile as a ridge, each sheet is divided into three parts along the notches, the size of each part is 330x250 mm. The tiles are mounted on the ridge with an overlap. One package of ridge / cornice tiles is enough for installing 12 running meters of a ridge, or 20 running meters of a cornice.
END CARPET.
End carpet is designed for reliable waterproofing internal fractures of the roof (valleys), most exposed to snow and rain loads, as well as sealing of abutments to vertical walls and pipes.
(If the ridge of the roof is a convex corner, then the valley is a concave one, and this corner must be covered with an valley carpet before the main installation.)
There is no special calculation for the end carpet as such, because taken directly along the length (10 m in a roll 1 m wide).
ROOF NAILS.
When arranging the roof, galvanized nails with an enlarged head 30x10x2.5 mm are used. When installing the roof, all elements of the roofing system have a kind of double fixation - due to the adhesive layer and due to fixation with nails. At slope angles of up to 45 °, each shingle shingle is fastened with 4 nails, if the slope is steeper than 45 °, then the consumption increases to 6 nails per shingle.
Ridge / eaves shingles are fixed with 4 nails.
End carpet and underlay carpet fixed around the perimeter in 20-25 cm increments.
Metal components are fixed with nails in a checkerboard pattern with a pitch of 15-20 cm. The weight of nails in a package is 5 kg.
The consumption of nails in the complex can be estimated as:
BITUMEN MASTIC.
It should be noted that bituminous mastic is used for gluing valleys, sealing eaves, end parts and abutments to walls and pipes. Accordingly, the more complex the roof, the more mastic is needed. Packing of bitumen mastic - 10 kg.
Consumption rates:
The end parts are used - 100 g per 1 lm.
For an end carpet - 400 g per 1 lm.
For sealing of junctions - 750 g per 1 lm.
We advise you to draw the attention of your customers that an increased consumption of glue than the given norms does not lead to an improvement in adhesion, therefore it is recommended to adhere to the norms of consumption of bitumen mastic and not exceed it.
ROOF VENTILATION.
To ensure ventilation of the roof space, it is necessary to equip a ventilation ridge. And in those places of the roof where there is no ridge, it is necessary to install ventilation elements (aerators): "Standard" (with a roof slope of more than 60 °) or "Special" (~ 1 piece per 20 m2 of the roof, taken into account according to the roof design). At least one ventilation element must be installed on each roof slope (but not less than 1 for every 60 sq. M. Of roof).
Shingles are lightweight roofing materials. Due to its low weight, a powerful and expensive rafter system is not required. At the same time, in appearance it is easy to confuse it with ceramics or other natural material - a special shape and color give the roof volume and expressiveness. And the variety of shapes and colors allows you to easily fit it into the interior of the house.
What is soft tile
This roofing material attracts the attention of buyers with its appearance. Its main feature is an imitation of classic natural coatings, as well as a wide variety of colors. Despite the fact that the material itself is thin - only 3-5 mm, the roof looks voluminous. This visual effect is achieved by combining different shades in the manufacture of shingles. And if a two-layer roof is used on the roof, it can easily be mistaken for a ceramic one.
Another feature is the ease of installation on complex roofs. Firstly, an excellent visual effect is obtained, and secondly, the amount of waste will be minimal. For example, metal tiles will have many times more of them. Another plus is the reliability of the coating in places with a high risk of leaks, for example, on valleys, edges and junctions.
The main strength of the material is given by its base - fiberglass. Elasticity and waterproofness is ensured by using modified bitumen. And the original appearance is colored mineral chips.
Material pluses:
- Gorgeous appearance, variety of colors and shapes.
- A light weight.
- Ease of installation - it is quite possible to do it yourself.
- Does not make noise during rain, is not afraid of hail.
- Suitable for almost all types of roofs, it produces little waste during installation.
- Does not rot, does not corrode.
- Does not conduct electricity.
- Sealed. Forms a one-piece waterproof carpet on the roof.
Minuses:
- Requires ventilation.
- High price.
- Bituminous roof requires a solid base and an underlay for installation.
- Badly refers to strong temperature changes.
- Not durable (this does not apply to all types of roofing, for top collections, manufacturers give a 60-year warranty)
- It can be mounted at temperatures from +5 to + 25 degrees.
In addition, a soft roof requires maintenance. At least once a year, it should be cleaned of dirt, moss, etc., and also checked for cracks after summer and winter.
Important ! To move along the roof, special manholes are made, since if you walk on a bituminous tile in the heat, it can be ruined.
Tile weight
This material belongs to the category of lungs, which has a positive effect on the cost rafter system... Installation of the roof is also not a problem - the light weight of the shingles allows one person to handle them. Moreover, its size is only 100 * 0.33 mm.
The weight of the roof differs depending on the shape of the shingle and the manufacturer. It ranges from 7 to 25 kg. The heaviest is a three-layer roof. But, do not think that the lighter the material, the better. The average weight of a shingle of acceptable quality is 12-15 kg / m 2.
When calculating the roof, it is worth considering the weight of the lining carpet - 0.5-1 kg per square meter. The weight of the nails is about 100 grams.
Roof characteristics
Its main component is bitumen, hence the name. In the manufacture of shingles, several of its types are used:
- Oxidized. Afraid of sudden temperature changes, best suited for warm climates.
- APP bitumen. It is heat-resistant, does not fade in the sun, and is resistant to chemicals.
- SBS modified... This type of bitumen is frost-resistant, elastic, not afraid of temperature changes, and durable.
SBS modified bitumen is most often used for the production of bituminous roofing. It is best suited to our climatic conditions.
For the top layer soft roof two types of decorative powder are used:
- Basalt. The most common, the color of this powder is achieved through firing, and the more streamlined shape allows it to stick better to the tiles.
- Shale. It is painted chemically, adheres worse to shingles, can absorb resins contained in bitumen and lose color.
Advice! It is better to make the choice in favor of basalt powder - in addition to color, it has the best technical properties... In addition, the durability of the roof depends on this layer.
There are two strength classes of material:
- "A" - strong fiberglass is used at the base, which provides high specifications roof. The maximum manufacturer's warranty reaches 100 years.
- "C" - the base of the roof is made of cellulose, so the strength and durability are less. The maximum warranty period is 15 years.
Types of tiles
There are on the market: - Single layer bituminous shingles.
- Two-layer.
- Three-layer.
In fact, multi-layer shingles are single-layer sheets glued together. The main advantages of a multilayer shingle:
- Appearance. This tile looks richer and more voluminous.
- Easier to mount.
- More reliable, better withstands the wind, you can walk on it during installation.
- More manufacturer's warranty.
Moreover, the cost of a multi-layer roof is usually only 20-50% more. And the weight of the roof will approximately double.
The form
Many manufacturers have specific forms of shingles, but there are also standard varieties:
- Rectangular.
- Oval.
- In the form of a honeycomb.
- Diamond-shaped.
- Brick.
- Shingles.
In addition to the appearance, the weight of the material per 1m2 depends on the shape of the shingle cutting.
By appointment it happens:
- Private shingle.
- Ridge-cornice - perforated for easy separation into small tiles, which cover the ridge and ribs.
Some collections include only ordinary shingles. This is not a problem - elements of any required shape can be easily cut out of them.
General installation rules
Naturally, in order for the roof to serve its warranty period and even longer without any problems, certain rules must be followed during its installation.
- The roof must have a high-quality base, including insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier and ventilation.
- Since shingles have different shades, all manufacturers recommend mixing the contents of 5-6 packs before assembly. This allows you to obtain a uniform color coating on the roof.
- On one surface, it is desirable to use a roof from the same batch with the same color code.
- When the outside temperature is below +5 C o - the roofing material must be stored in a warm room and taken out in small batches, and during installation, the bottom layer must be heated with a building hair dryer.
- In order not to damage bituminous shingles when trimming roof sheets, use a wood backing to cut it.
- Do not store the material in the open sun - it will spread and stick together.
Advice! During installation, it is better to put the shingles with the adhesive side up, otherwise they can stick to the roof from heating in the sun.
Roof care
A soft roof will serve for a long time and reliably if it is properly looked after. There are no particular difficulties in this:
- It is necessary to carry out a periodic inspection of the roof. Best in spring and autumn.
- It is best to remove debris with a soft brush or simply rinse off with water. To do this, you need to top down.
- Clean the ebb.
- In case of large accumulations of snow, it must be brushed off. In this case, it is advisable to leave a layer of 10-15 cm on the roof so as not to damage the tiles.
- Inspect abutments and passages at least once a year.
A small video about the flaws of the roof:
Soft roofing has long been popular with homeowners. A solid appearance, a wide range of colors and a choice of different shapes allow you to arrange modern house... A bituminous roof has high technical characteristics and, having covered the roof with it, you can forget about repairs for a long time. At the same time, you should not save too much when buying a shingle - cheap material will last 10-15 years, after which it will require replacement.
The popularity of shingles is rapidly gaining momentum. This roofing material has a lot of advantages, which provided it with a whole army of admirers. The coating is distinguished by high aesthetic performance, reliability and durability. Shingles are great for complex roof structures that are not easy to fit with rigid materials. It is easy to install. The coating is created using special mastic and roofing nails. It is worth paying attention to the preliminary calculation of the consumption of these materials. This will avoid unnecessary costs, eliminate the need to stop installation due to lack of nails or mastic.
Consumption of mastic in the installation of a soft roof
In the installation of flexible roofing materials bitumen-polymer mastic is used. This product is made on the basis of bitumen with the inclusion of:
- styrene-butadiene thermoplastic elastomer,
- filler,
- solvent,
- technological additions.
The material is a homogeneous adhesive mass, reliably fixes tiles on brick, metal, wood surfaces. The mastic can be packed in cartridges or metal cans. The material is applied with a spatula, a special rolling roller eliminates the appearance of bubbles and folds.
The thickness of the mastic layer should not exceed 1 millimeter. Do not dilute the product with solvents, this will cause the appearance of swelling, smudges. The approximate consumption of this material depends on the area of \u200b\u200bapplication.
In sealing the abutments of sheets on running meter about 750 g is spent; on the end sections, about 100 g of mastic is consumed per running meter, 400 g of material per running meter is used to create an end carpet. These norms will help to make an accurate calculation of the consumption of funds, to purchase the required amount of mastic.
Consumption of nails in the creation of roofing from shingles
The shingles are fixed to the base with special roofing nails. These fasteners are characterized by large diameter caps. This design feature eliminates material rupture, guarantees high-quality pressing of the sheet to the base. Roofing nails are made of steel alloys, coated with a zinc layer to prevent rust. The calculation of the required number of nails can be done based on the number of shingles or roof area.
If the slope of the slopes is up to 45 °, each shingle is secured with four nails. For roofing on roofs with slopes greater than 45 °, the tiles are secured with six fasteners. This guarantees a reliable fixation, excludes damage to the roof during strong gusts of wind. You can calculate the approximate consumption of roofing nails for the roof area. Experts recommend purchasing fasteners in the amount of 256 grams per 1 m 2.
Admirers of accurate calculations of the consumption of all materials in creating a soft roof can use a special computer program. Data used:
- the geometric shape of the tiles;
- directions in which the laying will be done;
- useful tile width;
- the size of overlaps, eaves, ridge floors.
The introduction of these indicators into the program allows you to calculate necessary materials, get the result.
All of the above methods allow you to plan upcoming expenses, determine the amount of materials. However, practice shows that only qualified specialists can make the most accurate calculations. It is worth entrusting this work to professionals.
