During the implementation of this project, we consolidated our knowledge and skills in wood processing, methods of joining parts and types of decorating products.Municipal budgetary educational institution
Gymnasium No. 1.
Primorsky region of the city of Nakhodka.
Project work on technology:
"Secrets of the Birdhouse"
Compiled by:
Oslopov Kirill
student of class 9 "A"
Supervisor:
Lapin Oleg Vladimirovich
Technology teacher
Nakhodka
2013
- Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….....3
- “Secrets of the birdhouse”……………………………………………………….4
2.1. Justification and selection of the project……………………………………………………………...4
2.2. Types of birdhouses……………………………………………………………….6
2.3. Design and placement of birdhouses……………………………………..7
2.4. Purpose of birdhouses………………………………………………………..7
2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings……………………………………..7
2.6. Starlings are protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens………………………………………………………..9
2.7. Practical work…………………………………………………………….10
2.8.Economic calculations……………………………………………………….10
2.9.Manufacturing stages……………………………………………………………...11
3. Technological map……………………………………………………………12
4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………17
5. References……………………………………………………………..18
- Introduction.
In the spring, I noticed that many starlings arrive, but in the summer they can be seen very rarely. “Why aren’t starlings visible in summer?” There are very few places in the village for them to live. The solution suggested itself - we need to help the birds, which means helping ourselves.
The object of my research was a birdhouse.
Subject of research: birdhouse for starlings.
Purpose of the study: to study the method of making a birdhouse for a starling.
Tasks:
Get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;
Study the features of making birdhouses for starlings;
Build a birdhouse for a starling with your own hands.
Research methods:
Theoretical: study of information sources.
Practical:
a) observation;
b) design;
c) generalization and conclusions.
Hypothesis: making the largest number of birdhouses for starlings is one of the ways to maintain the number of starlings in the village.
The intended value of the work lies in the fact that this project is aimed at developing creative work and environmental culture.
2. “Secrets of the birdhouse.”
2.1. Justification and choice of topic.
There is a written mention of birdhouses in the “Book for Hunters” of 1774 by Vasily Levshin: “And in the Crimea, Little Russia and in many places in Russia, starlings are found in courtyards under detention, other owners make special bundles for them from birch bark, where they can make nests. Such yard starlings amuse the human ear with a pleasant whistle.”
Apparently, the first massive human attempts to build and provide housing for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have long treated all animals humanely. The Indian myna starling is still hung with dry bottle gourds for nests. Now mynahs can be found in Moscow - they were unintentionally acclimatized here by bird lovers, and the bottle gourd - laginaria - was not so long ago bred in some steppe forestry enterprises specifically for use as bird houses in forest plantations.
In Europe, regardless of the Indians, the inhabitants of the Netherlands were the first to learn how to attract starlings. This is confirmed by some Flemish paintings, which, starting from 1500, depict birdhouses and birds around them.
There are also written confirmations. Professor G.P. Dementyev found in the ancient treatise “On the Birds of Olina,” printed in Rome in 1622, images of a starling and a clay birdhouse nearby. Flemish birdhouses were made of baked clay, in the shape of a jug, flat on one side. On this flat wall there was a hole large enough for a hand to pass through. On the other hand - the entrance. The birdhouse was hung on a nail on buildings, with the flat side facing the wall. The large hole was, of course, not for a nail. Birdhouses, it turns out, were hung not at all to protect starlings, but, on the contrary, to be used as food for the chicks as soon as they grew up.
Even earlier, the Novgorodians, who settled the northern lands right up to the White Sea, attracted goldeneye ducks in dugout logs. In nature, they nest in hollows. They placed nest boxes along the river banks, and when the egg laying ended, they drove around the nest boxes in a boat and collected the eggs. The second masonry was no longer touched. And now in the Darwin Nature Reserve on the Rybinsk Reservoir, goldeneyes willingly settle in large “birdhouses” made of boards. Of course, no one takes away their clutches. And in Moscow, goldeneyes nest on some ponds at VDNKh and the Zoo. It would be very simple to revive the old custom of hanging nest boxes for them. Then it would be possible to breed these small beautiful diving ducks in the capital.
Well, the birdhouse itself - a wooden bird house made of boards - also first appeared in Rus'. In the old days, birdhouses were real works of art. Figures of people were cut out on a piece of log with a cavity in the center and painted. From the boards they built a kind of mansion with a gable roof and a balcony decorated with carvings. The birds didn't need it, but people liked it. Interesting antique birdhouses are kept in the collections of the Historical Museum in Moscow and the Toy Museum in Zagorsk. The very complexity of production spoke of the love with which people treated this work and the inhabitants of the houses - starlings.
Professor G.P. Dementyev wrote that “apparently, it was among the rural population of Russia that the idea of protecting birds for ethical and aesthetic reasons first arose.”
In our time, this glorious Russian custom is not only not forgotten, but has spread to cities. In areas of Moscow new buildings there are many birdhouses on trees, and where there are none - on balconies. It is the new settlers who “for luck” invite the starlings to settle nearby.
The German scientist Hennicke, in his large “Manual on Attracting Birds” published in 1912, attributes the “invention” of the birdhouse to the German zoologist G. C. Gloger. In this regard, it is appropriate to quote a few lines from the minutes of the meeting of the Committee on Animal Acclimatization on February 14, 1857 in Russia. The scientific secretary of the committee, A. P. Bogdanov, sent from Berlin “six artificial nests invented by the famous G. C. Gloger.” What kind of artificial nests were invented? The "Report on Action" of the same Committee states: "He (Gloger) came up with the idea of arranging artificial nests for these birds, something like our birdhouses." From these records it is clear that at this time birdhouses were not a novelty with us, and Gloger's nests were constructed similarly. What is the merit of a scientist? Firstly, that Gloger was the first to propose making nesting boxes of different sizes, designed not only for starlings, but also for other birds, and secondly, and this is the main thing, that it was proposed to attract birds primarily for economic purposes to protect plants from insects.
In 1898, Baron Hans von Berlepsch’s book “The General Protection of Birds” was published, which was translated into almost all European languages. On his estate “Zesbach” Berlepsh tested models of drilled bird nests of different sizes. The Scheide factory began mass production of these nesting boxes. The book was reprinted many times, its role in promoting birds and attracting them was enormous.
- Types of birdhouses.
Over the entire history of birdhouses, people have created more than fifty types of birdhouses. These types of birdhouses vary depending on the design and placement. Thus, there are open and ground nesting boxes, ordinary and combined birdhouses, nest boxes (logs hollowed out from the inside), barrels (houses with convex walls), sheds (houses with stacked walls and hip roofs). In addition, they are often divided into groups according to the name of the residents: birdhouses, titmouses, flycatchers, wagtails and others. All these bird houses vary in size, area, depth and some features characteristic of a particular breed of bird. But all of them are artificial nesting sites for small birds, mainly nesting in hollows.
- Design and placement of birdhouses.
The birdhouse is traditionally made in the form of a wooden house with a round or rectangular entrance. The height is usually 30-40 cm, the bottom size is about 14 cm, the diameter of the entrance is about 5 cm. The lid should be removable so that the nesting box can be checked, and also cleaned at the end of the nesting season - nesting material should be removed from the nesting box (starlings, tits and nuthatches can do this themselves, but some other birds cannot). Placed on a tree in the forest, park, on a balcony, wall or under the roof of a house.
- Purpose of birdhouses.
Birdhouses and feeders can be installed for several purposes:
Attracting birds to observe their nesting for research purposes or just for fun;
Attracting birds to destroy agricultural pests;
Fostering a love of nature and work in children.
2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings.
Appearance. A short-tailed, shiny black bird about the size ofblackbird , in autumn and winter with frequent white speckles. By spring, the light tips of the feathers wear off and the speckles disappear. Young birds are dark brown with a light throat. A typical running bird, unlike, for example, blackbirds that move by jumping. The flight is straight.
Habitat. Usually in open forests, steppes and populated areas.
Prefers open cultural landscapes with tree plantations, parks, and gardens.
Nutrition. It feeds on a variety of animal and plant foods and, at the end of the nesting period, gathers in large, dense flocks.
Nesting sites.It nests mainly near human dwellings, occupying birdhouses made and hung specifically for starlings, niches under balconies and roofs, etc. Less commonly, it settles in hollow trees near populated areas.
Nest location. The nest is located both singly and in small groups. When nesting in the forest, the starling usually occupies the hollows of the great spotted woodpecker, as well as other medium-sized woodpeckers.
Nest building material. The hollow is abundantly lined with soft stems of grass, sometimes straw and a large number of feathers of domestic and wild birds.
Features of masonry. The clutch contains from 5 to 8, more often 5-6, bright blue eggs without a pattern. Egg dimensions: (27-32) x (20-23) mm.
Nesting dates. Common starlings arrive early, usually in March, when thawed patches appear in the fields, and immediately occupy nesting sites. In April, eggs appear in the nests. Incubation lasts 13-15 days. The chicks are then fed in the nest for three weeks. Their flight occurs in the second half of May - the first half of June. In birds, a second clutch is sometimes observed.
After the chicks have fledged, starlings gather in flocks and soon (in July - August) leave the nesting area, moving south and southwest to places with plenty of food. Here they remain until the autumn departure for wintering grounds. And only small groups continue to stay in the breeding areas until autumn.
Departure takes place in September - October.
Spreading.Distributed from the western borders of Russia to Transbaikalia. Flies to the south of the Far East. In the north of the range, through agricultural areas it reaches the northern taiga.
Wintering. Winters mainly in North Africa, India, and Southern Europe. It is found in the Caucasus and here and there in large cities, and often flocks of starlings winter in the same squares and parks from year to year.
2.6. Starlings are protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens.
Economic importance. Despite some harmful activity in the fall (in vineyards and orchards), the starling is undoubtedly a very useful bird that should be protected and attracted in every possible way. It deserves this as a destroyer of various garden caterpillars and slugs, dipterous insects and their larvae (flies, gadflies, horse flies) that harm domestic animals, May beetles, and in steppe areas - various locusts. For this, he can be forgiven for attacks on cherries, grapes and other berries in the fall. Considering the benefits of the starling in agriculture, it was settled in North America, where it multiplied and spread greatly.
2.7. Practical work.
Materials
- Not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). You cannot use compressed wood (chipboard, fibreboard, etc.) as it is toxic and short-lived.
- Nails 4-4.5 cm long
- Gray or red odorless paint
Tools
- Wood hacksaw
- Hammer
- Drill with feather bit
- Narrow chisel
- Pencil and ruler
- Brush
Birdhouse dimensions
- The boards must be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well
- Optimal internal size: square bottom 10-15 cm. Natural hollow 12x12 cm, so use these dimensions as a guide
- Taphole diameter (hole) 4.5-5 cm
- The distance from the tap hole to the bottom is 15-20 cm
- The height of the birdhouse is 30-35 cm.
- It is better to make the taphole cylindrical rather than rectangular
- The design should not injure birds - make the roof removable to care for the birdhouse
- The perch is not necessary, starlings do not need it
- The inner walls must be unplaned - since it is very difficult to get out on a smooth surface. If the boards are smooth, then before assembling, apply horizontal notches on the front wall with a chisel.
- It is better not to paint the birdhouse, the smell and bright color scare away birds, but if you really want to, then paint it with gray or red odorless paint
The top canopy must protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from bad weather
2.8. Economic calculations.
Cost item | Cost, rub.) | Quantity (pcs.) | Total rubles |
Not planed dry boards | 1 (cut into 6 parts) | ||
Nails 4-4.5 cm long. | |||
Gray or red odorless paint. | 25% banks | ||
Copier paper, paint | 15 sheets | ||
Discs | 1 (SD-R) | ||
Wood saw. | Depreciation | Depreciation |
|
Hammer. | |||
Drill with a feather drill. | |||
Narrow chisel. | |||
TOTAL | 195 rubles |
2.9 . Manufacturing stages.
We need to produce 7 parts of the following sizes:
From a board 20cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 3 pieces (front and back walls and the upper part of the birdhouse lid)
From a board 15cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 2 pieces (side walls of the birdhouse)
From a board 15cm wide - parts 15-16cm long - 2 pieces (the bottom of the birdhouse and the lower part of the lid).
The length of these parts = 20 cm - (2 x thickness of the boards).
1. Using a square and a pencil, measure the birdhouse part.
2. Then we saw off the part using a hacksaw.
Marking and sawing of parts must be done sequentially so that paired parts are the same size.
3. A hole should be drilled in the front wall - a tap hole with a diameter of 50 mm. The starling will enter its house through this hole.
To prevent the cat from reaching the nest with the chicks with its paw, the hole should be placed at a distance of 5 cm from the top edge.
4. In the front and back walls of the birdhouse, we drill holes with a diameter of 4 mm for self-tapping screws along the entire perimeter of the wall at a distance of 1 cm from the edge. 2-3 holes per side are enough.
Birdhouse assembly procedure:
1. Screw the front wall to the right side wall of the birdhouse.
2. Similarly, screw the back wall to the left side wall of the birdhouse.
3. We connect the resulting two parts with self-tapping screws to each other, making sure to try on the bottom of the birdhouse and the lower part of the lid.
4. Place it in its place and secure the bottom of the birdhouse to all four walls.
5. Connect the lower part of the birdhouse lid with the upper part. The center of the lower part should be offset from the center of the upper part by 5 cm to form a visor.
6. Insert the lid into the birdhouse body and secure it on the sides.
Since the birdhouse needs to be cleaned of old nests once every 2 years, it is enough to secure the lid with only two self-tapping screws.
3. Technological map.
Making a birdhouse |
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children | p/p | Operation | Sketch | Tools, devices |
Select a workpiece (25x205x720mm) and plan the base seam. | Workbench, ruler |
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O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Workbench, plane, square |
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Reismus. |
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Workbench, plane |
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Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Workbench, sandpaper |
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Drill 4 holes∅ 10 mm, according to markings | ∅ 10 mm |
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Plan the base edge at a 90° angle to the base face. | ||||
Mark the workpiece in width. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Sew the second edge to the marking line. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece by thickness. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Drill 2 holes∅ 10 mm, ∅ 35 mm, according to markings | Ruler, pencil, brace, drill∅ 10 mm, ∅ 35 mm |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
Select a workpiece (25x225x420mm) | Workbench, ruler. |
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Plan the base edge at a 90 degree angle O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece in width. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Sew the second edge to the marking line. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece by thickness. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
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Select a workpiece (25x205x250mm) | Workbench, ruler. |
Plan the base edge at a 90 degree angle O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece in width. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Sew the second edge to the marking line. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece by thickness. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
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Select a workpiece (25x205x240mm) | Workbench, ruler. |
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Plan the base edge at a 90 degree angle O to the base layer. | Workbench, plane, square |
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Mark the workpiece in width. | Reismus. |
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Plan the second seam to the marking line. | Workbench, plane |
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Mark the workpiece along its length. | Square, ruler, pencil. |
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Cut the workpiece, maintaining the marking line | Workbench, hacksaw, fixture (stop) |
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Clean the ends and edges, sand the faces. | Workbench, sandpaper |
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Connect the parts together with nails. | Nails, hammer. |
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Check the quality of the product. |
- Conclusion.
Having finished my project, I can say that I want to continue helping birds. My classmates and I decided to start a new project “Bird Feeder”, which will serve:
- Active inclusion of every child in the life of local society - designing history - I create history with my life!
- Creating conditions for the formation of value meanings of life.
I believe that I fulfilled the goal set for me, and the project turned out to be good, informative and interesting, and most importantly – useful!
4. List of references.
1. Golovanova E.N. Birds over the fields. - L. 19892. Dmitriev Yu.D. Neighbors on the planet. Birds. - M. 19983. Lyulin A.S. Reserve. - M. 1983
4. Mikheev A.V. Field guide to bird nests. - M. 1975
5. Textbook “Technology” (boys) 5th grade. M. 2013
6. Brave V.M. Atlas-identifier of birds. - M. 2006
Preview:
Problem formulation. Make a model of a tank with your own hands from wood, which would not be expensive and would look very beautiful, so that my collection would be complete and include a lot of equipment.
Information about the project. The model serves as a decorative item. The model is designed to decorate a room. The product consists of 7 parts: tracks 22x2.5x5 (2 pieces) hull 20x7x3.5 (1 piece) turret 8x6x5 (1 piece) barrel 13x1 (1 piece) hatch 2x2 (1 piece) Approximate production time is 4 hours. The product can be coated with varnish, paints
Product drawing.
Product sketch Side view of the product, Top view of the product, Front view of the product
tracks 22x2.5x5 (2 pcs.) hull 20x7x3.5 (1 pc.) turret 8x6x5 (1 pc.) barrel 13x1 (1 pc.) hatch 2x2 (1 pc.)
Alternative options.
Logistics support. Materials: Beam 40x10x15 (2 pcs.) Rail 13x1. Tools: Jigsaw, saw, file, sandpaper.
Manufacturing technology. 1. Cut out the tracks - 22x2.5x5 (2 pcs.) 2. Cut out the hull - 20x7x3.5 (1 pc.) 3. Cut out the turret - 8x6x5 (1 pc.) 4. Cut out the trunk - 13x1 (1 pc.) 5. Cut out the hatch - 2x2x1 (1 pc.) 6. Cut a 0.5 hole in the tower. 7. Glue the tracks to the body. 8.Glue the barrel to the turret. 9.Glue the hatch to the tower. 10.Glue the turret and hull together.
Economic justification. 1. Material costs. Beam 40x10x15 (2 pcs.) - 100 rub. Rake 13x1-50rub. PVA glue 20g - 30rub (20g spent) Sandpaper - 15cmx15cm - 10rub Varnish 20ml - 15rub 2. Labor costs. Student work hour – 10 rubles. Spent 4 hours - 4x10 = 40 rubles. 3.Cost. Material costs + Labor costs. 100 rubles + 50 rubles + 30 rubles + 10 rubles + 40 rubles + 15 rubles = 365 rubles In the store, tank models cost 900-1000 rubles.
Thank you for your attention.
Municipal autonomous educational institution
"Secondary school No. 7" Kolpashev
Birdhouse
Technique: sawing
Type of work: creative project
Kolpashevo - 2017
Content:
Relevance. Justification of the problem……..……………….…...…….
Scheme of thinking………………………………………………………..
Gathering information on the topic. Analysis of prototypes……………………….….
Analysis of possible ideas…..……………………………………………………..………
Sketch development of the option…………. .…………………….…….….
Selection of product manufacturing technology……………………………………..
Selection of materials…..…………………………………...……………….
Economic assessment of the future product……………………………..
Description of product manufacturing……………….………………….....…
The final version of the product…………………………………….…
Aesthetic assessment………….……………………………...…..…....
Economic and environmental assessment of a floor lamp….……..………....…
Final evaluation of the project…………………………………….....…
Relevance. Justification of the problem
Caring for birds does not require large expenses, but only desire. April 1 is International Bird Day.Today is the time to remember and revive International Bird Day as a bright, informal event, which should rightfully again include the traditions of our ancestors.
Since childhood, our parents instilled in us a love for birds; we made simple feeders that we hung in our garden plots. With the return, we began to independently produce more complex designs for various feeders. But I would like to show more global concern for birds.
Since at the beginning of the 5th grade we began to attend a class on the “Skillful Hands” technology and decided to make a Birdhouse there.
The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds for city dwellers. I would like to revive the tradition of making birdhouses and involve our classmates in this wonderful activity. If a starling doesn’t sing nearby in spring, then spring doesn’t seem like spring at all... So let’s make it spring!
Target:
To create favorable conditions for birds, by our example to instill in children a sense of responsibility for living things on earth, to develop sensitivity, kindness and cognitive interest in nature.
Tasks:
get acquainted with the history of birdhouses;
a) develop an economical manufacturing technology (from scrap materials);
b) develop technological documentation and manufacture according to the documentation .
Hypothesis:making the largest number of birdhouses for starlings, one of the ways to maintain the number of starlings in the city.
Scheme of deliberation
Before you start working on a project, you need to have a clear understanding of all the main aspects of your work.
Relevance
Collection
Information
Prototype analysis
Design documentation
Birdhouse
Tools and materials
economic
aesthetic
environmental
grade
Technology
manufacturing
Identifying key parameters and limitations
The future product must meet the following requirements:
1. Must be done carefully
2. must be durable
3. Must be suitable for the place of application
Gathering information on the topic. Prototype analysis.
Our ancestors always loved songbirds that built nests near their settlements; they considered these God's creatures to be good messengers. However, the custom of building houses for birds became established in our country only about three hundred years ago, at the beginning of the 17th century. It was then that the well-known “bird house” - the birdhouse - appeared in Russia. The birdhouse owes its origin to the Europeans; it was in Western Europe that the first birdhouses appeared. In the Russian state, like many other innovations, birdhouses appeared during the reign of Peter I the Great. The emperor's love for surprising, unfamiliar and unusual things is well known.
Having seen birdhouses during his trip to Europe, he introduced this tradition in his homeland.
Analysis of possible ideas .
Having examined and analyzed the types of birdhouses made from different materials, we decided that our product would be made of wood.
We took as a basis only the requirements for such products.
Design specification .
Sketch development of the basic version.
When making a birdhouse, the following factors must be taken into account:
low cost
ease of operation
artistic expressiveness of the design
saving material
Selection of product manufacturing technology
The choice of manufacturing technology was not difficult for us. All operations that will need to be performed during the manufacturing process of the product are well known to us. We have already studied the technology of manual wood processing, so we can saw, cut, and perform decorative processing, and at a decent level.
Conclusion: it is necessary to perform only well-studied operations:
sawing out
pulling out
Working with a hand jigsaw
Grinding
Selection of materials.
Before starting to develop the design, we decided on the choice of material. The most technologically advanced, in our opinion, is cedar boards.
This dtimber is a popular building material. Used as a building thermal insulation material.It is very dense and durable, does not crumble, is relatively durable, and easy to process.For decorative finishing I will use a wood burner.
Economic assessment of the future product and its manufacturing technology
Having considered everything that was presented above, we can make a preliminary economic and environmental assessment of the future product and its manufacturing technology.
The cost of the birdhouse will not be very high, since a minimum amount of materials will be used for its production. The main costs will fall on the purchase of planks. We will include a cost of 250 rubles in the preliminary calculation. The production of the birdhouse will take place in a room with natural light, so there will be no energy costs.
Total: The preliminary cost will be about 250 rubles.
Birdhouses are always made from natural, environmentally friendly materials. Birdhouses are placed in the branches of trees or bushes, where the birds will feel safe, and at the same time you will see this original decoration and be able to observe the life of your feathered friends.
Technical data sheet for manufacturing
| Graphic image | Sequence of work production | Tools, materials |
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| Material selection | Tes 20 mm |
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| marking of the future product | Ruler, simple pencil. |
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| Sawing | jigsaw |
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| Burnout | burner |
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| Ending | Birdhouse collection |
The final version of the product.
As a result of the work, we got the product shown in the photograph. (See Appendix) The birdhouse performs all its functions.
Aesthetic evaluation
We believe that our product will be useful because the main advantages of this product are protection from predators and adverse weather conditions.
Economic and assessment of birdhouse (1 copy).
Material costs
| Name of material | Unit | Price per one. measurements (rub.) | Qty | Final cost (RUB) |
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| tes | 2 pcs | |||||||||
| Electricity | 1kW/h | 3,10 | 0.8kW/h | 3.00 |
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| Total: 49 rub. Conclusion: The cost of manufacturing 1 unit was 49 rubles To make the product, we needed to purchase some materials. All costs for their purchase are reflected in the table. The cost was 49 rubles. We did not include wages in the cost price, since the treehouses are not for sale, but forcreating favorable conditions for birds, an example of instilling in children a sense of responsibility for living things on earth, developing sensitivity, kindness and cognitive interest in nature. Final evaluation of the project. In our work we decidedproblem designing and creating a Birdhouse. Target project has been achieved - the resulting product is presented in the annexes to the project. Tasks , to achieve the goal, the following were decided: a) materials, colors and design style are selected; b) the technical side of execution has been selected and justified; c) the artistic execution of the plan was carried out in an original way, taking into account all professional requirements. Hypothesis proven, weWe made the largest number of birdhouses for starlings, this is one of the ways to maintain the number of starlings in the city. The implementation of this project has significantly expanded our knowledge in wood processing. We hope that the knowledge gained will be useful to us in future life. In the process of working on our product, we mastered an algorithm for solving inventive problems, which will help us create new products. Khlebnova T. I. Publisher: Art spring , 2012 |
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Appendix 2
Annex 1
MBOU "Marfinskaya Secondary School"
Creative project
in the subject "Technology"
on the topic of:
"Making a birdhouse"
Completed by a 5th grade student
Chechukov Dmitry
Head: Chechukova N.V.
2017
Content
Project justification
Cost of the project
Assessment and self-esteem
Conclusion
Bibliography
Application
Project justification
For a long time in Rus', on March 22, a national holiday is celebrated - Magpies. On this day they called for spring, met migratory birds, and baked larks from dough. Reviving old traditions, our school traditionally celebrates Bird Day. The holiday helps us to better know and love the birds living nearby, awakens interest in our native nature, its protection, which contributes to the environmental education of students.It just so happened that when starlings arrive, bird houses of various designs are hung on trees or simply posts driven into the ground.Therefore, I decided to attract birds and build a birdhouse for them.
Objective of the project : make a birdhouse.
Tasks:
Study additional literature on this topic;
Draw up a technological map of the product and apply it in practice;
Develop visual and motor coordination in the eye-hand system.
Methods:
verbal;
visual;
practical.
Practical significance The project is to apply the development of creative work and environmental culture in institutions of basic and additional education for group and individual lessons with students.
The history of birdhouses
There is a written mention of birdhouses in the “Book for Hunters” of 1774 by Vasily Levshin. But the first massive human attempts to build and provide housing for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have long treated all animals humanely.
Birdhouse(titmouse) - a closed artificial nesting site for small birds, mainly nesting in hollows.
In the old days in Rus', birdhouses were real works of art. Figures of people were cut out on a piece of log with a cavity in the center and painted. From the boards they built a kind of mansion with a gable roof and a balcony decorated with carvings. The birds didn't need it, but people liked it. Interesting antique birdhouses are kept in the collections of the Historical Museum in Moscow and the Toy Museum in Zagorsk. Such laboriousness of production spoke of the love with which people treated this work and the inhabitants of the houses - starlings. Professor G.P. Dementiev wrote that “apparently, it was among the rural population of Russia that the idea of protecting birds for ethical and aesthetic reasons first arose.”
Possible birdhouse options and choosing the best option.
Typically, a birdhouse is made in the form of a wooden house with a round or rectangular entrance. The height is usually 30-40 cm, the bottom size is about 15 cm, the diameter of the taphole is about 5 cm. The upper visor should protrude at least 5 cm to protect the taphole from bad weather. The lid should be removable so that it can be cleaned at the end of the nesting season. The birdhouse is placed on trees, on a balcony, wall or under the roof of a house.
I liked the “hut” view, because... it looks like a residential house, and I think the birds will feel warm and cozy in it.
Technological map "Birdhouse"
Select a workpiece taking into account processing allowances:Front and back walls:
(16x130x270) – 2 pcs.
Sidewalls:
(18x120x200) - 2 pcs.
Roof:
(18x185x125) – 1 pc.
(18x185x140) – 1 pc.
Bottom: (16x155x130) – 1 pc.
Workbench, plane
Mark the workpieces by size.
Mark a hole (tap) in the front wallR 70.
Sidewalls:
200
120
Anterior and anterior walls:
270
200
Bottom:
130
155
Roof:
125
185
140
185
Workbench, ruler, square.
Cut out the parts along the marked lines.
Make a hole in the front wall with a screwdriver, then cut it out with a jigsaw.
Opening:
Jigsaw, screwdriver.
Clean all parts.
Workbench, sandpaper
They connected them together with nails.
Workbench, hammer, nails.
Birdhouse roof making and assembly
Use nails to connect two pieces of dimensions:
18x185x125 and 18x185x140
Hammer, nails
Connect the birdhouse body to the roof.
Install the perch.
Hammer, nails
Birdhouse finishing:
Decorate the birdhouse with decorative elements.
Cost of the project
This project used used wood material that was stored in the garage. Therefore, only free time and electricity were used to make the birdhouse while working with an electric jigsaw.
Assessment and self-esteem
Making a birdhouse is an important element in the environmental, labor and family education of students. During the implementation of this project, knowledge and skills in wood processing, methods of joining parts and types of decorating products were consolidated. I consider the product to be original, because... it is made with soul and from environmentally friendly materials.
Conclusion
Thus, the goals and objectives set during the project were consistently achieved. We hope that birds will move into the birdhouse this year and we will be able to watch them.
Bibliography
Technology lessons using ICT for grades 5-6: methodological manual with electronic application. – M.: Planeta, 2011.
Tishchenko A.T. Technology. Industrial production: 5th grade textbook for students of general education organizations / A.T. Tishchenko, V.D. Simonenko. - 2nd ed., revised. – M.: Ventana-Graf, 2016.
Brave V.M. Atlas-identifier of birds. - M. 2006
Annex 1.
Safety precautions
Labor protection requirements before starting work
1. Put on overalls and carefully tuck your hair under your beret.
2. Check the serviceability of the tool and put it in its place, remove all unnecessary items from the workplace.
Safety precautions when working with hand carpentry tools
1. Hand tools must be well sharpened, the handles are smoothly sharpened, and the working parts are well secured to the handle.
2. Hand impact tools must satisfy a number of requirements, namely:
the working ends should not have any damage (potholes, chips), and the side edges where they are clamped by hand should not have burrs or sharp edges;
the back of the instrument must be smooth, without cracks, burrs or chips;
instruments must be tightly fitted onto handles at least 15 cm long;
you must use hammers that have sufficient weight and a comfortable striking surface.
3. When working with a cutting tool, the following requirements must be met:
in all cases, place the tool so that the blade points down;
Do not use a hand saw to cut material laid on your knee, do not guide the saw with your hand;
When working with a saw, guide the saw blade along the line using a stop, and when sawing, place the material on pads or on a workbench; keep your hands away from the cut line when sawing.
4. Use only sharpened cutting tools. It is much easier to injure yourself with a dull tool than with a sharp one, because you have to apply more force to it, and it can slip off the surface being treated. If you miss a cutting tool, do not try to catch it in mid-flight.
Safety precautions when using an electric drill
1. When working with hard surfaces and viscous materials, hold the drill with both hands, especially when working with powerful models;
2. Do not overload the drill with strong pressure to prevent jamming;
3. Avoid the presence of nails and other metal objects in the material being processed;
4. Avoid dampness, contamination, shavings and other foreign objects from getting on electrical equipment;
5. Monitor the serviceability of the protective grounding of the tool;
6. Do not work when the power tool vibrates;
7. When leaving the workplace, be sure to unplug the power tool;
8. Place or place the power tool in a safe position;
9. Operate a portable power tool and take care of the power cable (avoiding twisting, bending and other mechanical influences).
After finishing working with the power tool
1. Unplug the power tool, disconnect the grounding and clean it of dust and dirt. Clean with a broom;
2. Do not let go of the drill until the engine stops completely;
3. Do not touch the equipment for some time, even after a complete stop.
Labor protection requirements upon completion of work
1. Put your tools and work area in order. Do not blow away shavings and sawdust with your mouth or sweep away with your hand, but use a brush for this;
2. Carry out a wet cleaning of the workshop;
3. Take off overalls and wash your hands thoroughly with soap.
Appendix 2
The first birdhouses in Europe began to be made back in the 16th century. At the same time, not only practical (at this time the benefits brought by starlings as exterminators of harmful insects) were already known, but also aesthetic and religious-cult goals. About 300 years ago, during the time of Peter I, a fashion arose to make bird houses and hang them near people’s homes. This tradition has long been firmly rooted in Russia. Specimens of birdhouses made by Vologda peasants at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 19th centuries have been preserved. In the middle of the 20th century. Hanging bird houses in order to attract birds in areas of mass pest breeding has become particularly widespread. Today, people hang houses and bird feeders on their personal plots, in parks, and even outside their apartment windows. Birds chirp cheerfully, fuss and give a good mood. And for summer residents and gardeners, ordinary tits and sparrows also help fight pests of green spaces. In addition to inconspicuous birdhouses, there are, on the contrary, real works of art: decorative birdhouses that decorate a manor or garden.
