“Creative project using Apron technology Designer – Haag Anastasia, 5th grade student of Kolominogrivskaya secondary school Project manager...”
Municipal educational institution Kolominogrivskaya secondary school
Creative project on technology
Designer – Haag Anastasia,
5th grade student
Municipal educational institution Kolominogrivskaya secondary school
Project manager – Danchenko L.V.
technology teacher of category II
1. Justification of the problem and need……………………………………………..3
2. Sequence of project execution…………………………………………………….4
3. Ponder star………………………………………………………………………………...4
4.Historical background………………………………………………………..…5-7
5. Bank of ideas and suggestions……………………………………………………….....8-9 6.. Selection of fabric………………………… ……………………………………………...10
7. Modeling rules and color combinations……………………………………...11
8. Selection of equipment, tools and devices…………………………12
9. Manufacturing technology Construction of an apron pattern…………………………
10.Technological map………………………………………………………...15-20
11. Occupational safety………………………………………………………………..21-22
12.Economic and environmental assessment………………………………………...23
13. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………24
15. Literature………………………………………………………………………………….25
2I. Justification of the problem and need In our house there is a room in which the whole family gathers every day - this is the kitchen. When my mother prepares breakfast, lunch or dinner, I try to help her.
Helping her might get my clothes dirty. To keep your clothes clean, you need an apron. Mom has an apron, but I don’t have one yet, so I decided to sew it myself. I want to sew an apron correctly and accurately, and in the future I want to learn how to sew other clothes.
Knowledge of the subjects of the Russian language, mathematics, drawing, computer science, technology will help me correctly fulfill my goal: complete the “Apron” project. I will also be using additional backsplash books as I go along.
In order to sew an apron, I will need: fabric, thread, scissors, a needle and a sewing machine.
In the process of carrying out project work, I set myself the following goals and objectives:
assess your capabilities in the field of project activities;
develop and implement a project;
1. what is an apron?
2. when did the first aprons appear?
3. what were they like before?
research fabrics for sewing an apron;
describe the process of making an apron;
sew an apron;
evaluate the work done;
protect the project.
3II. Project execution sequence:
1. Justify the problem and need that has arisen.
2.Select a model. Write a description of the model's appearance.
3.Choose fabric.
4. Select the necessary tools, devices and equipment.
5. Perform product design and modeling.
6.Cut the product.
7.Draw up a technological sequence for manufacturing the product.
9. Evaluate the work done.
10.Protect the project III. Ponder star
– – –
An apron (or apron) is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day. Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men in public service used primitive drapery.
It was attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or tied (woven) reed stems.
Over time, the apron became a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape.
This part of the clothing played a very important role in the ceremonial attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments.
The apron was also part of the clothing of other ancient Eastern peoples.
For example, it was widespread in Western Asia.
From the East, the apron “migrated” to Europe. In Crete and Mycenae during the Bronze Age (XIX-XVIII centuries BC), men wore a wide leather belt with which an apron was fastened around their hips. It was worn in such a way that it fell at an angle in front, and its vertical edge ran diagonally from the hip to the knee of the other leg. The fabric of the apron was decorated with a woven colored pattern.
It is also known that in Ancient Greece, men first also wore an apron tied around their hips, and on top of it they put a hlen (a large woolen scarf). Later, the apron began to be tied over the tunic.
The apron was also a characteristic feature of men's clothing among the Etruscans.
In appearance it resembled the Cretan one, but it was worn over a blouse with sleeves. And among the Romans, the apron is known only as part of the clothing of priests, soldiers of some auxiliary types of troops and gladiators.
Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. Casual dress should be covered with something while working. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, cooks... Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing.
Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century two aprons made up the skirt. He also decorated the wives of famous townspeople. In Germany, the wives of burghers wore aprons (white or colored), sometimes even double (front and back).
The apron periodically comes into fashion among the upper classes.
During the reign of Louis XIV (1660-1710), French women wore a small apron with rich trimmings around the edge at home and when out and about. Sometimes,
5 However, wanting to pay tribute to fashion, women did not think at all about how comical it looked. Following the example of the city nobility, peasant girls began to embroider and decorate their aprons in every possible way. Cunning European fashion has invented several types of aprons for different occasions. So, for example, a self-respecting European woman, when she went to the table, was obliged to cover her dress with a large napkin. This is how a special apron appeared - table (from the French word “table”). Another type of apron with a similar name is tablion, but has a completely different purpose.
This is an apron for special occasions, sewn to the cloak at the front and back. It was borrowed from ceremonial Byzantine clothing and was made from patterned silk brocade for the emperor, and from smooth, plain material for the courtiers, but then it settled into its new role as a fashion accessory.
Over time, the apron became part of the festive folk costume. In some areas of Germany, a wide apron was worn only on special occasions. In Moldova, a distinctive feature of folk clothing was two aprons, covering the body in front and back, not meeting at the sides, with a rich color pattern.
The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties. In the North, the apron was embroidered and could have sleeves.
An interesting apron from the late 19th century. from the city of Kargopol, Olonets province.
The intricate patterns embroidered on it are nothing more than ancient agricultural calendars. Six petals and six sprouts of the circle indicate 12 months, and the symbols on the outside are the most important milestones of the annual circle of field work. Similar monthly words were also embroidered on the hems of shirts and towels. You can understand how these things were valued, carefully passing them on from generation to generation. It is characteristic that in some regions of Russia (for example, in Transbaikalia), the traditional apron was preserved as part of the festive attire until the middle of the last century.
During the First World War, the apron proved to be an absolutely necessary piece of clothing. Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. At this time, the “maids’ clothing” apron turns into women’s work clothing.
Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, as well as industrial clothing.
However, these days, the apron is gradually beginning to lose this function.
To protect against harmful production factors, new special clothing is being developed - these are robes and overalls. The apron also disappears from the wardrobe of housewives.
6From apron to apron The names of aprons have been noted in writing since the 17th century; more ancient evidence concerns only the word advanced. Most of the names arose on Russian soil. The meaning of “apron” is combined with the meanings of “veil, curtain”, “type of clothing; part of clothing”, “belt”.
From the common Slavic verb zapinati “to close, to detain” the name zapon arose, which in the acts of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery since 1601.
denotes a closed apron. Cufflinks were used in bakeries, fisheries, and forges. That is, these were men's working aprons.
Fisherman's aprons were also called curtains: “It was ordered to send 7 veal skins to Sokolov for curtains for fishermen” - noted in the expense books of Moscow orders for 1673. The curtain was later used in a number of folk dialects. Sometimes a leather work apron was called a curtain.
Other names: bib, vanguard and apron. The word leader was first noted in Belozersk writing and, judging by historical data, it was a local word. But the word apron was used only once in the text of 1675. Moreover, when describing the foreign dress of actors in the first Russian theater: “15 pairs of German pink stockings, kindred colors, 10 pink aprons.” But already in the 18th century. the word apron is gaining great popularity and is crowding out the name cufflink.
Since 1626, a bib - a kitchen apron - has been noted in writing. This meaning of the word is preserved in Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Novgorod and Smolensk dialects to this day.
All other names of aprons are of foreign language origin.
The apron has been mentioned in Russian texts since 1663, and in Polish it has been known since 1498. Through Polish this name came to us from the German language. Like all other names for aprons, apron meaning “veil” was occasionally used in Russian sources of the 16th century. The meaning of “apron” was originally noted in Western Russian texts. The word penetrates into Moscow in the 80s of the 17th century. and is initially used little. Probably, the apron differed from the Russian apron in its cut and was more often used in the clothing of foreigners. Since the 18th century the word apron is used everywhere, which indicates the spread of the item itself.
In Belozersk, since ancient times, fishermen had special leather aprons - hamgla, hamla. The names are borrowed from Finnish. From the end of the 17th century. In Voronezh areas, the designation for an apron, which was Polish in origin, was a spare tire. Spare wheels were also worn in Ukrainian and Belarusian villages.
In clothing, aprons were of secondary importance, so historical information about them is sparse. Among the Russians, the type of apron itself appears late: almost all the names known to us are recorded in writing from the 17th century.
– – –
Model selection.
Of all the apron models considered, I chose model No. 5, because I liked this apron better. I liked it because it will be made of cotton fabric with a printed pattern, so after every wash it will look like new. The sections of the lower part of the apron and bib are processed with lace, which means that you can set a festive table in it and greet guests. To make an apron for this model, you will need a minimal amount of fabric.
9VI. Choice of fabric Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton.
Linen fabrics have a smooth, shiny surface, are distinguished by great strength and low elongation. They easily absorb moisture and wash well. Their disadvantage is that they wrinkle quickly, but they also smooth out just as quickly. These fabrics feel hard to the touch.
Silk fabrics are soft and smooth to the touch, have a pleasant shine, are hygroscopic and breathable, but they stretch greatly, crumble, and have significant shrinkage. It is very difficult to sew from such fabrics without skills and experience.
According to historians and archaeologists, cotton fabrics were produced in distant India as early as the 11th century BC.
During the campaign of Alexander the Great, the Greeks were delighted with the art of the Indians, who knew how to produce fabrics from “wool extracted from nuts”
(that's what they called cotton). Until the end of the 13th century, only finished cotton products were imported into Europe. In 1772, the production of cotton fabric began in England. It had a unique texture and color.
The name “chintz” came to us in such a way that it is difficult even to immediately understand its original source. The Bengali name for the variegated cotton fabric is "cheets"
was converted by the Dutch into “sits”, and in our country it began to be called calico.
Cotton fabrics have significant strength and hygroscopicity, quickly get wet and dry. They are comfortable to wear and hold up well to washing and ironing.
To make the apron, I chose cotton fabric, as it has significant strength and hygroscopicity, gets wet and dries quickly, is comfortable to wear, washes and irons well.
10 VII. Rules for modeling and color combinations Modeling is the process of changing a pattern drawing in accordance with the selected model.
When selecting fabric and trim, you must remember the following rules:.
If the apron is made from colorful fabric, the trim should be made one color, and it should match one of the colors of the fabric.
The brighter and larger the pattern of the main fabric, the less finishing there should be.
Fabrics of bright colors are best combined with less bright ones or white, black, gray.
Pale, colorless fabrics can be brightened up with bright finishes.
11 VIII. Selection of equipment, tools and devices
1.Sewing machine with manual drive.
2.Ironing board, iron, spray bottle.
3. Cotton threads No. 50 - for machine work, No. 60 - for hand work.
4.Hand needle No. 3, pins, scissors, thimble.
5. Centimeter tape, chalk.
6.Textbook, workbook.
Additional materials: paper for making patterns, fashion magazines.
– – –
The initial data for constructing a drawing are measurements.
Measurements are the basic dimensions of a person’s figure, obtained by measuring it.
Measurements required to draw an apron drawing:
– – –
5. Finishing the straps with a backstitch:
Fold the part Cutting details, straps in half, threads, needle, “face to face”, scissors Baste the strap along a longitudinal and one transverse section at a distance of 0.9 cm from the cut.
– – –
Fold the belt piece in half “facing the Belt, threads, face.” Sweep the ends of the needle, scissors of the belt to the control points, the distance between which is equal to the measure of Art.
– – –
8. Connection of the belt and bib with the bottom of the apron
Sweep on the upper lower part, cut the lower part of the thread, needle, apron symmetrically with scissors in two folds. Iron the folds to the line of the middle of the bottom part.
– – –
Bend the belt and apron, threads, seam allowances up. needle, scissors Fold the second section of the belt inward and sweep it, closing the stitching seam by 0.2 cm.
– – –
Safety rules when performing manual work.
1. Dangers at work:
Damage to fingers from a needle or pin; hand injury from scissors; eye injury.
2. What you need to do before starting work:
Be attentive to your work; put a thimble on the middle finger of your right hand to avoid pricking it; stick needles and pins only into the needle bed; place the scissors on the right with the blades closed, pointing away from you; pass scissors only with closed blades and rings forward.
Safety rules when performing machine work.
1. Dangers at work:
Damage to fingers from a needle; hair or clothing ends getting caught in the rotating parts of the sewing machine; electric shock.
2. What to do before starting work:
Fasten the sleeve cuffs; check the serviceability of the machine; Before connecting the parts, check to see if there is a hand needle or pin left in them.
3. What to do while working:
Install the bobbin case and thread the upper thread with the machine turned off; do not place scissors and other tools near rotating parts of the machine; Do not pass scissors, product or parts while the machine is running.
4. What to do after finishing work:
Turn off the car; clean the workplace.
Safety rules when performing wet-heat treatment of fabric.
before starting work:
1. check the serviceability of the cord and plug, set the thermostat to the desired level;
during operation:
1. turn the iron on and off with dry hands, holding the plug by the body;
2. place the iron on the stand, making sure that the cord does not touch the sole of the iron;
3. do not leave the iron turned on unattended;
21 after work:
1. Place the iron to the side on the stand and turn it off.
Safety rules when working with a computer.
During operation, the monitor (display) beam tube operates under high voltage.
It is strictly prohibited:
2. Touch the connectors of the connecting cables;
3. Touch power wires and grounding devices;
4. Touch the screen and the back of the monitor, keyboard;
5. Put foreign objects on the keyboard and monitor;
6. Work in a damp environment and with wet hands;
7. Wipe the computer with a damp cloth.
Before starting work:
1. Make sure there is no visible damage to the workplace;
2. Sit so that your line of sight is in the center of the screen;
3. To use the keyboard without bending over and perceive the information transmitted on the monitor screen;
4. Maintain a distance from the monitor to your eyes (60 – 70 cm);
5. Maintain a correct posture, without slouching or leaning.
– – –
The cost of my product turned out to be small - 73 rubles 50 kopecks, since I sewed the apron myself, and the money spent was only on materials.
Sewing an apron is an almost waste-free production, because from leftover fabric I can sew a napkin using the patchwork technique.
Sewing an apron with your own hands is a profitable production!
From an environmental point of view, the manufacturing process and operation of my product will not entail changes in the environment or disruptions in human life, since my apron is made from environmentally friendly materials, and I will not throw away the remaining fabric, but will sew a small napkin.
The process of sewing an apron is an environmentally friendly production!
23 XIII. Conclusion It was not difficult for me to complete the project work - sewing an apron and writing a project, since the knowledge that I received while sewing an apron in class, the recommendations of the technology teacher and additional literature on this problem helped me with this.
General view of the apron: an apron with a bib, the lower part with rounded corners. The edges of the lower part of the apron and bib are trimmed with lace.
I liked the made apron. I believe that all the seams are done correctly and neatly.
In the process of completing the project work, I completed the tasks set for myself:
I learned what an apron is;
I found out when aprons appeared and what they were like before;
researched fabrics for sewing an apron;
described the process of making an apron, drawing up a technological map in which I compiled a more convenient sequence for making the product;
I sewed a neat and comfortable apron for receiving guests and cooking.
Now I also have an apron, and I will be able to help my mother in the kitchen, because I am a future housewife!
I liked sewing an apron because it is a very interesting activity. In the future, I really want to sew a more complex item, but for this I will need to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge, which I will acquire at school during technology lessons.
I believe that my project will help many girls learn how to sew aprons too.
In our studio you can order any model.
You will be pleasantly surprised by the excellent quality of tailoring and high level of service.
You will always recognize our products by our trademark.
The table shows the calculation of the cost of the apron.
XV. Literature 1 Illustrated explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. / V.I.Dal. – M.: Eksmo, 2006. – 896 p.: ill.
2 Makhmutova H.I. We design, model, sew. Book for students. – M.: Education, 1994.
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From history... Aprons, or aprons, are familiar to almost every person. During work, they are reliable protectors from dirt. In addition, this is a good decoration for women’s attire, and work aprons were included in the professional clothing set. An apron is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day. Over time, the apron became a ubiquitous type of clothing. This part of the clothing played a very important role in the attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments. Since the Middle Ages, the apron has practically become a permanent part of work clothes.
Selecting the fabric and color scheme: The fabric for making an apron must meet the following requirements: The fabric for making an apron must meet the following requirements: Hygienic - the fabric must be smooth, not lint-free (it gets dirty a little and washes well). Hygienic - the fabric should be smooth, not fluffy (it gets dirty a little and washes well). Aesthetic - the fabric should be light in color, this is more hygienic and makes it possible to use various finishes, but if the fabric has a pattern, it is better that it be small. Aesthetic - the fabric should be light in color, this is more hygienic and makes it possible to use various finishes, but if the fabric has a pattern, it is better that it be small. Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton. Aprons can be sewn from various fabrics: linen, silk, cotton.
Cutting order: Prepare the pattern for cutting Prepare the pattern for cutting Prepare the fabric for cutting Prepare the fabric for cutting Lay out the pattern on the fabric Lay out the pattern on the fabric Trace the details with chalk next to the outline of the pattern - the seams will run along these lines Trace the details with chalk next to the outline of the pattern - according The seams will run along these lines. Trace the outline of the pattern again, moving away from it by the width of the allowance. Trace the outline of the pattern again, moving away from it by the width of the allowance. Mark the location of the pocket Mark the location of the pocket Cut the fabric along the second lines Cut the fabric along the second lines
Technological sequence: Laying out the pattern on the fabric, cutting Laying out the pattern on the fabric, cutting Laying copy stitches Laying copy stitches Processing the straps Processing the straps and ends of the belt Processing the straps Processing the apron sections Processing the apron sections Connecting the straps and belt with the apron Processing the patch pocket Processing the patch pocket Connecting the pocket with an apron
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Justification of the problem and need that has arisen. I like to cook with my grandmother, sweep the floor, wash the dishes, wipe the dust, and that’s why I sometimes stain my clothes, so as not to get dirty, I made an apron.
Definition of a specific task and its formulation I want to make an apron in order to: 1. Prepare food and not get dirty while cooking. 2. Fits into the interior of the kitchen. 3. Was to my taste.
Identification of main parameters and limitations. Must be: 1. Neat; 2. Original; 3. Handsome; 4. High quality made; 5. Convenient; 6. Practical.
Research, identification of traditions, history, trends. It is believed that the first aprons appeared among the men of Ancient Egypt who were in the service, as well as among the pharaohs, in order to emphasize their status. The apron looked like a drapery of fabric attached to a leather belt. Later, the apron was made wider so that it could be wrapped around the body and secured at the front. The front of this false skirt could be trapezoidal, fan-shaped or triangular. The ancient Greeks also wore an apron, fastening it over the lower part of the blouse - the chiton. Among the Cretan inhabitants, the apron was worn at an angle, covering the thigh of one leg to the knee, and was decorated with embroidered patterns. In Ancient Rome, aprons were worn by warriors, gladiators and priests. In the Middle Ages, the apron began to spread throughout Europe. Worn as a uniform, it became an integral part of the clothing of blacksmiths, shoemakers, guild masters, cooks and various kinds of artisans.
Src="https://site/presentation/1/199580796_443764391.pdf-img/199580796_443764391.pdf-6.jpg" alt="Composition >."> Составление >.!}
Analysis of ideas and selection of the optimal option. I like all my apron ideas, but after looking through them again, I liked this apron option the most:
Selection of fabric, tools, fixtures, equipment. Fabric: 1. Chintz Equipment: 1. Needles 2. Threads 3. measuring tape (centimeter) 4. Ruler 5. Scissors 6. Wallpaper or Whatman paper (for pattern) Equipment: 1. Sewing machine.
Sequence of product manufacturing. 1. 2. Make straight stitches along the lines of the middle of the bib, the bottom of the apron, belt, and pockets. Place straight copy stitches at the pocket locations. Finish the side edges of the bib with a closed hem stitch. 2. Place the finished straps on the wrong side of the bib (with seams towards the middle), pin and baste to the wrong side of the bib. Place the facing over the straps, right side down. Align the top edges of the bib and facing. Sweep the side sections of the facing onto the wrong side and iron, baste and stitch the facing with a seam width of 0.7 cm. Fold the facing over to the front side of the bib and sweep out the seam. Fold the bottom edge of the facing by 0.5 - 0.7 cm to the wrong side. Insert the lace under the bottom edge of the facing. Baste and stitch 0.2 - 0.3 cm from the folded edge of the facing. Hem the ends of the facing and lace with small oblique stitches. Processing the bottom of the apron Processing the side sections using a hem seam with a closed cut: fold the side sections of the bottom of the apron by 0.5 cm, and then by 1 cm and sweep. Sew the sides of the apron 0.1 -0.2 cm from the folded edge. Remove running stitches. Iron the sides of the apron.
Finishing the bottom edge with a hem seam. Iron. free cut of the belt towards the front side of the lower part of the apron, iron the stitching seam towards the bib. Bend the free edge of the belt 1 cm inward, baste and stitch the belt 1–2 mm from the folded edge. Remove running stitches and perform WTO (wet heat treatment). Fold the seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the right side. Baste along the line of the top edge of the pocket, insert lace, baste. Stitch the top pocket seam allowance along the sides. Turn the hem to the wrong side, straighten the corners, and iron. Place a stitch along the rounded corners of the pocket for tightening, stepping back slightly inward from the intended line. Baste the seam allowances to the wrong side and iron. Connecting the pockets to the bottom of the apron with a patch stitch Place and pin the pockets, aligning the sides with the copy stitches. Baste and stitch pockets. Make fastenings on the upper corners. Connecting the belt, bib with the lower part of the apron Fold the bib with the lower part with the wrong sides inward, aligning the middles of the parts, and, aligning the cuts, pin.
Place the belt on the bib with the front side facing the front side of the bib, aligning and aligning the sections of the parts, baste and stitch. Bend the free cut of the belt towards the front side of the lower part of the apron, iron the stitching seam towards the bib. Bend the free edge of the belt 1 cm inward, baste and stitch the belt 1–2 mm from the folded edge. Remove running stitches and perform WTO (wet heat treatment). Finish the ends of the belt with a backstitch. Sweep out the belt.
Economic justification. Name Price Fabric 42 rubles Threads 62 rubles 98 kopecks Needle 71 rubles 3 kopecks Braid 105 rubles TOTAL: 181 rubles 1 kopecks
Quality control. 1. Combination of materials with colors. 2. The element is made smoothly and accurately, in accordance with technology. 3. In general, the product makes a favorable impression.
Correction. It seems to me that I could make the seams smoother and a little neater. As for the fabric, it is slightly cut in not evenly. Basically, I no longer see what needs to be adjusted.
Control, testing. The apron I sewed was tested, it did the job and prevented my main problem in the kitchen. Didn't give me an apron
Manufacturing of the product. The teacher taught me how to sew an apron. I sewed it under the guidance of a teacher and with diligence in making it correctly. It was not difficult for me to complete the project work - sew an apron and write a project, since the knowledge that I received while sewing an apron in class helped me with this
Self-esteem. I think that I sewed the apron with an A, for the quality and correctness of the product itself.
Municipal educational institution
middle School of General education
S.Susanino
Creative project
Completed by: 5th grade student
Nikiforova Yana
Head: technology teacher
Gorina O.A.
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….3
Chapter 1 Organizational and preparatory stage…………………………………5
1.1. Justification for choosing the project……………………………………………...5
1.2.Rationale for choosing the model…………………………………………………….5
1.3. Justification for the choice of material .............................................................. 6
1.5. Conclusion on the first chapter………………………………………………………6
Chapter 2. Product manufacturing technology……………………………………………………7
2.1. Designing an apron on a belt………………………………………………………..7
2.2. Technological sequence of sewing an apron………………………8
2.3. Tools and accessories……………………………………………...10
2.4. Safety precautions……………………………………………………………………………….12
2.5. Conclusion on the second chapter……………………………………………………………….13
Chapter 3 Economic justification for the project……………………………………14
3.1. Cost calculation…………………………………………………………….14
3.2.Economic assessment…………………………………………………………….14
Chapter 4 Environmental assessment of the project………………………………………………………15
Self-analysis of the project………………………………………………………………………………….15
List of references……………………………………………………………….. 16
Application
Introduction
An apron (or apron) is a widespread and almost unchanged part of clothing from ancient times to the present day. Its history begins with Ancient Egypt. Already in the early period of the existence of this country, men in public service used primitive drapery. It was attached in front to a belt, which was a narrow strip of leather or tied (woven) reed stems. (Appendix 1. Fig. 1.)
Over time, the apron became a ubiquitous type of clothing. It was a piece of fabric, the middle part of which, gathered into folds, was applied to the body in front, the rest was wrapped around the body and fastened with the free end tucked behind the middle part. The apron was held on with a belt. Its middle part had a trapezoidal, triangular or fan-shaped shape.
This part of the clothing played a very important role in the ceremonial attire of rulers, as evidenced by numerous monuments.
The apron was also part of the clothing of other ancient Eastern peoples. For example, it was widespread in Western Asia.
It is also known that in Ancient Greece, men first also wore an apron tied around their hips, and on top of it they put a hlen (a large woolen scarf). Later, the apron began to be tied over the tunic. (Appendix 1. Fig. 2.)
The apron was also a characteristic feature of men's clothing among the Etruscans. In appearance it resembled the Cretan one, but it was worn over a blouse with sleeves. And among the Romans, the apron is known only as part of the clothing of priests, soldiers of some auxiliary types of troops and gladiators. ( Annex 1. Fig.3.)
Since the Middle Ages, the apron has become an almost permanent part of work clothes. Casual dress should be covered with something while working. The apron was worn by blacksmiths, shoemakers, cooks... Guild masters considered the apron an integral part of their professional clothing.
Over time, a woman's apron became an accessory to a married woman's toilet. In the 16th century two aprons made up the skirt. He also decorated the wives of famous townspeople. The apron periodically comes into fashion among the upper classes. During the reign of Louis XIV (1660-1710), French women wore a small apron with rich trimmings around the edge at home and when out and about. Following the example of the city nobility, peasant girls began to embroider and decorate their aprons in every possible way. Cunning European fashion has invented several types of aprons for different occasions. So, for example, a self-respecting European woman, when she went to the table, was obliged to cover her dress with a large napkin. This is how a special apron appeared - table (from the French word “table”). (Appendix 1. Fig. 4.)
Another type of apron with a similar name is tablion, but has a completely different purpose. This is an apron for special occasions, sewn to the cloak at the front and back. Over time, the apron became part of the festive folk costume.
(Appendix 1. Fig. 5.)
In Moldova, a distinctive feature of folk clothing was two aprons, covering the body in front and back, not meeting at the sides, with a rich color pattern.
The traditional Russian apron was made from homespun checkered fabric, with trim around the edges and red ties. In the North, the apron was embroidered and could have sleeves. (Appendix 1. Fig. 6.)
An interesting apron from the late 19th century. from the city of Kargopol, Olonets province. The intricate patterns embroidered on it are nothing more than ancient agricultural calendars. Six petals and six sprouts of the circle indicate 12 months, and the symbols on the outside are the most important milestones of the annual circle of field work. Similar monthly words were also embroidered on the hems of shirts and towels. You can understand how these things were valued, carefully passing them on from generation to generation. It is characteristic that in some regions of Russia (for example, in Transbaikalia), the traditional apron was preserved as part of the festive attire until the middle of the last century. (Appendix 1. Fig. 7.)
During the First World War, the apron proved to be an absolutely necessary piece of clothing. (Appendix 1. Fig. 8.)
Many women had to do men's work: they became road workers, mechanics, etc. At this time, the “maids’ clothing” apron turns into women’s work clothing. Perhaps, it was from this time that it ceased to exist as a purely decorative element and became an accessory of household clothing for work at home, as well as industrial clothing.
However, these days, the apron is gradually beginning to lose this function. To protect against harmful production factors, new special clothing is being developed - these are robes and overalls. The apron also disappears from the wardrobe of housewives. (Appendix 1. Fig. 9- 12)
I. Organizational and preparatory stage
1.1 Justification for choosing the project
In every house there is a room in which the whole family gathers every day - this is the kitchen. People spend a long time in the kitchen preparing food. When cooking, you can get your clothes dirty. To keep your clothes clean, you need an apron. That's why it is in every home. Mom has an apron, but I don’t have one yet, so I decided to sew it myself.
The main thing in an apron for the kitchen is that it is not only beautiful, but also comfortable, functional, and does not interfere with movements.
You need to sew an apron correctly and accurately, and in the future learn how to sew other clothes.
Knowledge of the subjects of the Russian language, mathematics, drawing, computer science, technology will help me correctly fulfill my goal: complete the project “Making a sewing product “Apron on a belt.” As I work, I will use additional books on making an apron. The apron is subject to hygienic, operational and aesthetic requirements.
1.Hygienic requirements: a) protection from mechanical damage; b) creation of a favorable microclimate; (determine comfort, the degree of adaptability of the apron to a person at rest and during movement, microclimate conditions and the state of the nervous system).
2. Operational requirements: a) maintaining the shape of the product; b) ease of use; c) should wash well and retain its appearance; (reliability indicators determine the degree of stability in maintaining the quality of the apron during operation).
3. Aesthetic requirements: a) harmonious combination with interior items; b) education of aesthetic taste; c) compliance with fashion trends; d) the product must be beautiful, decoratively decorated and neatly made (defined as a person’s need for beauty and creativity according to the laws of beauty.
In order to sew an apron you will need: fabric, thread, scissors, a needle and a sewing machine.
In the process of carrying out project work, I set myself the following tasks:
Learn what an apron is;
Find out when the first aprons appeared, what they were like before;
Research fabrics for sewing an apron;
Describe the process of making an apron;
Sew a neat apron.
1.2. Rationale for choosing a model
For the manufacture of an apron, various models were developed, areas of application were studied, and sketches of models were developed (Appendix 2)
Of all the ideas, I chose model No. 4. Because it is more practical for working in the kitchen. This apron has a spacious pocket. To make an apron of this model you will need a minimum amount of fabric and time. It will be made of cotton fabric and has no frills or lace. (Appendix 3.)
1.3 Rationale for choosing materials
For the apron I chose cotton fabric - chintz. This fabric has a beautiful appearance at low cost. The good hygienic properties of this fabric (high hygroscopicity, medium dust holding capacity) provide a person with comfort in such clothing. In addition, chintz is quite durable and does not require any special conditions when washing. And the good technological properties of cotton fabrics (average fraying, low slip, average shrinkage) allow even a novice seamstress to sew neat and beautiful things.
The disadvantages of this fabric include strong creasing and low abrasion resistance, which leads to the fabric losing its beautiful appearance when worn.
Fabric consumption: with a fabric width of 80 cm, 60 cm of cotton fabric with a printed pattern will be required. (Appendix 4.)
For decoration, I cut out a light belt and a pocket with a dark stripe.
1.5.Conclusions on the first chapter
A kitchen apron will not only protect my clothes from stains, it will give the kitchen in which I prepare meals for the family a warm and cozy look. Aprons come in a variety of varieties - with and without a bib, with pockets, simple and decorated with lace or embroidery. It all depends on the imagination of the creator.
Chapter 2. Product manufacturing technology
2.1.Designing an apron on a belt according to your own standards
Making an apron pattern according to the developed flow chart
(Appendix 5)
Calculation according to my standards
Construction
Waistline
Construct a right angle at point T
Bottom line
From point T down, set aside the measurement value D and and place point H
Apron width
Sat: 2+6= 29 cm
From points T and H, put the resulting value to the left. Place points T 1 and H 1
Pocket location
Constant
1. Set aside 6 cm from point H down and place point K.
2.Draw a horizontal line from point K downwards.
3. set aside 7 cm from point K to the left and place point K 1
4. From point K1 down and to the left, set aside 15 cm and put points K 2 and K 3.
5. connect points K 1 and K 2 with a straight line.
6. from point K 2 to the left and from point K 3 down, set aside 15 cm and put K 4
Construct a square K1 K 2 K 4 K 3
The width of the belt
From point P up, set aside 6 cm. Place point P 1
Belt length
S t x 2 + 20 = 93 cm
From point P1 to the right, set aside 80 cm. Construct a rectangle P P 1 P 2 P 3
2.2. Manufacturing technology
Open the apron.
Before cutting the parts, you need to check whether the fabric is fading,
determine the grain thread and the presence of weaving defects.
Technological sequence of sewing an apron (Appendix 6, 7)
Preparing cut details for basting
Image
Place copy stitches along the side line and hem line of the main apron piece
Transfer the location of the pocket to the other side of the piece using copy stitches
Remove pins. Move the part apart so that the threads of the stitches are stretched, cut them in the middle between two sections of the part
Mark the middle of the apron on the wrong side of the piece with a chalk line
Sew straight running stitches along the center line of the apron. Stitch length - 15-20 mm
Place copy stitches along the side line, hem line of the bottom of the pocket and along the fold line of the top allowance
Pull the pocket piece apart so that the stitch threads are stretched, and cut them in the middle between the two sections of the piece
On the wrong side of the pocket, mark the middle line of the pocket with chalk and place straight running stitches along it. Stitch length - 10-15 mm
Processing a patch pocket
Work sequence
Image
Fold the allowance for processing the upper edge of the pocket along the intended line to the front side and iron
Fold in the top seam allowance by 1 cm and iron
Baste and stitch the corners of the pocket to the amount of allowance along the side cuts of the pocket along the laid snares
Remove the running stitch threads, turn the processed seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the wrong side, straighten the corners of the pocket with a peg
Baste and stitch the folded edge of the pocket at a distance of 2 mm from the edge
Remove the tacking stitch threads and iron the top edge of the pocket.
Baste the bottom and side edges of the pocket along the marked lines
Iron the pocket from the wrong side
Connecting the pocket to the main part of the apron
Work sequence
Image
Place the processed pocket on the main part of the apron along the laid copy lines, aligning the line of the middle of the apron with the line of the middle of the pocket. Pin the pocket
Baste pocket, remove pins
Sew the pocket onto the main piece with a finishing stitch at a distance of 2 mm from the edge. Make machine tacks at the beginning and end of the finishing stitch.
Remove temporary threads, iron pocket
Carry out machine assemblies along the upper cut of the apron. Gathering is used as a way to create a shape for the bulge of the abdomen and as a finishing product.
Processing the top edge of the apron with a stitched belt
Work sequence
Image
Place the belt on the front side of the main part of the apron, aligning the middle of the belt with the middle of the upper cut of the apron. Pin one section of the belt with pins
Baste one section of the belt from the side of the main part of the apron at a distance of 8 mm from the sections. Remove the pins and stitch from the waistband side along the marked line. Remove temporary threads
Fold the waistband and seam allowances up. Fold the second section of the belt to the wrong side by 8 mm and sweep it, closing the stitching seam by 2 mm
Machine stitch from the front side of the apron into the waistband seam. Remove the tacking stitch threads and iron the waistband
Iron the product
2.3.Tools and devices
To make your product you need equipment with which I achieved the result, i.e. I sewed this apron:
1. Sewing machine
2. Ironing board, iron with steam humidifier, ironing iron.
3. Cotton threads No. 45 for machine work, No. 50-60 for estimating work.
4. Hand needle for estimating work No. 3, machine needle No. 70.
5. Centimeter tape.
6. Ruler
7. Paper for patterns.
8. Scissors.
2.4 Safety precautions
Safety rules when working on a sewing machine
1. Before starting work, you need to make sure that the sewing machine is working properly. Tuck your hair under the scarf and fasten the sleeve cuffs.
2. It is necessary to remove foreign objects from the machine platform: thimble, scissors, etc. Check whether the needle and foot are firmly secured.
3. Before grinding the product, check if there are any pins or needles left in it.
4. Do not lean low over the machine while working.
5. Do not keep your fingers close to the presser foot and the needle; stitch thickened areas at low speed.
When working with a hand needle
1. Store the needle in a certain place: a pincushion, a pad, etc.
2. Do not put the needle in your mouth or put it in your clothing. Sew only with a thimble.
3. Do not bite the thread with your teeth.
When working with scissors
1. Store scissors in a specific place.
2. Do not leave scissors open.
3. Do not place scissors near rotating parts of the machine, pass the scissors with the sharp ends to a friend and hold them with the sharp ends up.
Safety rules when working with an iron:
1.Before plugging in the iron, you need to check the insulation of the cord and the position of the iron on the stand.
2. Turn the iron on and off by gripping the plug body with your fingers, not the cord.
3.When working with an iron, you must have a rubber mat under your feet.
4.After finishing work, the power supply to the ironing tables must be turned off.
Prohibited:
Allow the iron to fall, the wire to switch causing loops and knots to form, and the iron to overheat.
Cool an overheated iron by immersing it in water or using a spray bottle.
Place the iron on the electrical cord.
Work with a faulty iron and independently correct iron faults and electrical wiring.
Check the heating of the iron with your fingers.
Conclusion on the second chapter
In the second chapter, I designed an apron on a belt according to my own measurements, made a drawing of the apron, the necessary fabric, studied the technological sequence of manufacturing, and repeated the safety precautions when sewing an apron.
Chapter 3 Economic feasibility study of the project
3.1 Cost calculation
To ensure the economic feasibility of manufacturing an apron, it is necessary to calculate the required materials.
Calculation of the cost of an apron.
75 rub.75 rub.
Threads
2 coils
50 rub.
Total
125 rub.
3.2.Economic assessment
Since I made the apron at school, I didn't factor in energy costs. So, the full calculation of the cost of the product was 125 rubles. It follows that sewing an apron cost me less than buying it in a store
Chapter 4. Environmental assessment of the project
Nowadays, one of the pressing problems is the problem of ecology. A person must use environmentally friendly products and materials for the safety of his life. Such materials should also be used to create clothing. Now there are many different materials
The apron is made of natural fabric - the raw material for which is cotton fiber, that is, an eternal material due to its constant renewal.
Making an apron using a sewing machine is an environmentally friendly production because:
The atmosphere is not polluted.
There are no emissions of harmful substances for human health.
Almost waste-free production.
Cotton during operation does not have a harmful effect on the human body and the environment. Therefore, the manufacture and further use of an apron does not entail changes or disruptions in human life.
Self-analysis of the work done
When preparing to make the apron, I turned to historical information and found out how the apron has changed over the years. Nowadays, aprons protect clothes from various contaminants and come in different purposes, processing and design.
The apron is the first item I sewed myself. The knowledge I received in class, the recommendations and support of the technology teacher helped me with this.
In the process of completing the project work, I completed the following tasks:
Apron functions;
History of the apron;
Fabrics for sewing an apron
Apron making process
Product manufacturing sequence
Compliance with safety regulations at work
I find sewing very interesting. In the future, I really want to sew a more complex item, but for this I will need to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge, which I will acquire at school during technology lessons.
List of used literature
Technology. Service work: 5th grade: textbook for students of general education institutions / [Yu.V. Krupskaya, N.I. Lebedeva, L.V. Litikova and others]; edited by A.D. Simonenko. – 4th ed., revised, – M.: Ventana-Graf, 2009. – 192 p.: ill.
Internet resources:yandex. ru
Wikipedia. org.
http :// technology . ru
Annex 1.
Fig.1. Fig.2. Fig.3.
Rice. 4 fig.5 fig.6
Fig.7 Fig.8 Fig.9
Fig.10 Fig.11 Fig.12
Appendix 2.
Model No. 1
Cotton apron
with a printed pattern, with gathers from the top edge and pockets in a figured hem along the bottom line. Model recommended for housework
Model No. 2
Apron made of plain-dyed cotton fabric with gathers from the top edge and patch pockets. The pockets and bib are trimmed with braid, which emphasizes their original shape.
Model No. 3
Apron made of linen fabric with a one-piece bib and pockets in raised seams. Applique is available as a trim on the pockets and bib.
M 
Model No. 4
Apron made of cotton fabric with a printed pattern, with soft folds from the top edge, pocket inserts made of finishing fabric. The upper cut is finished with a stitched belt, the lower cut is finished with a hem seam with a closed cut.
Model No. 5
Apron made of plain-dyed cotton fabric with patch pockets and a fastened shaped bib. As a finishing touch to the apron, frills are offered on the pockets, straps and bottom. The model is recommended for culinary work
Appendix 3.
Appendix 4.
Materials used in the manufacture of the apron
Samples of threads for making an apron
Appendix 6
Progress report
Making an apron on a belt
Step-by-step production of an apron on a belt
Prepare fabrics for cutting
Cut out the base of the apron, mark the middle, outline the folds
Cut out a pocket
Iron pocket edges to wrong sides
Baste all pocket edges and machine stitch along the top edge of the pocket.
Baste the side sections of the apron with a closed hem seam, then machine stitch
Sew a pocket onto the base of the apron
Baste the prepared belt to the upper edge of the apron and stitch it on the machine.
Remove all running stitches. Carry out wet-heat treatment of the apron
The apron is ready!
Appendix 7
Terminology of hand, machine stitches, WTO used in the manufacture of aprons,
Graphic image
Copy stitches - snares are used to transfer lines to identical, paired parts after cutting a product or to transfer symmetrical lines changed during fitting from the right side to the left.
tack or baste- connect two parts of the product with hand stitches, placing one part on top of the other, the stitches are removed after machine stitching
grind -
grind -connect two parts along the contour with a straight stitch
topstitch– lay a stitch, placing one piece on top of another
7
Stitch - Connecting two parts by machine stitching along the edge and then
Stitch up - stitch along the folded edge of the part (stitch the bottom of the skirt);-
Iron - process the seam with a hot iron
Iron - process a section of the product with a hot iron, leveling the parts and reducing the thickness of the seams;-
Iron -
process the seam with a hot iron, directing the seam allowances in one direction
Creative project. Apron. Students of MBOU Secondary School No. 14 With. Krivenkovskoe Muratova Victoria Technology teacher: Madikova T.V. 2015
Objective of the project
- Design and make an apron for yourself for working in the kitchen.
tasks:
- Assess your capabilities in the field of project activities;
- Develop and implement the project;
- Make an apron;
- Evaluate the work done.
- Protect the project.
1. Justification of the problem and needs that have arisen.
For working in the kitchen and helping mom at home, so as not to get dirty
We sewed an apron during technology lessons.
Modeling and design of an apron
I cut the apron taking into account the front and back sides of the fabric, the direction of the grain thread, seam allowances and the economical arrangement of the cutting details on the fabric.
Preparing cut details for basting.
1. Place copy stitches along the side and hem lines of the apron bottom.
2. Transfer the pocket location to the other side of the apron bottom piece using copy stitches.
3. Remove the pins. Move the parts apart so that the threads of the stitches are stretched, cut them in the middle between the two sections of the parts.
4. Mark the middle of the bottom of the apron on the wrong side of the piece with a chalk line.
5. Continue with straight running stitches the line of the middle part of the lower part of the apron. Stitch length is 1.5-2.0 cm.
6. Place copy stitches along the side line, hem line of the bottom of the pocket and along the fold line of the top allowance.
7. Pull the pocket piece apart so that the stitch threads are stretched, and cut them in the middle between the two sections of the piece.
8. On the wrong side of the pocket, mark a line around the middle of the pocket with chalk and place straight running stitches along it. Stitch length 1.0-1.5 cm.
Processing a patch pocket.
1. Fold the allowance for finishing the top edge of the pocket along the marked line to the front side.
2. Fold the inside edge of the seam allowance 1 cm and press.
3. Baste and stitch the corners of the pocket to the amount of allowance on the sides of the pocket.
4. Remove the basting stitch threads, turn the processed seam allowance of the top edge of the pocket to the wrong side, and straighten the corners of the pocket with a peg.
5. Baste and stitch the folded edge of the pocket at a distance of 0.2 cm from the edge.
6. Remove the basting stitch threads and iron the top edge of the pocket.
7. Sweep the side and bottom cuts along the marked lines.
8. Iron the pocket from the wrong side.
Connection between pocket and apron.
1. Place the processed pocket on the bottom of the apron along the laid copy lines, aligning the line of the middle of the apron with the line of the middle of the pocket. Pin the pocket.
2. Baste the pocket and remove the pins.
3. Sew a pocket on the bottom of the apron with a finishing stitch at a distance of 0.2 cm from the edge. At the beginning and at the end, use machine tacks with a finishing stitch.
4. Remove the basting thread and iron the pocket.
Processing the bottom and side edges of the apron with a closed hem seam.
1. Fold the bottom edge of the apron to the wrong side by 0.5 cm and sweep it. Fold the bottom edge of the apron a second time along the unmarked hem line of the bottom and baste.
2. Apply a machine finishing stitch 0.2 cm from the folded edge. Remove the note stitch threads. Iron.
3. Trim off the protruding seam allowances at the corners.
4. Fold the side sections of the apron a second time along the intended line and sweep, carefully tucking in the seam allowances in the corners.
5. Continue machine stitching 0.2 cm from the folded edges of the bottom of the apron. Remove the note stitch threads. Iron.
Product manufacturing sequence
Costs for making an apron:
Calico fabric meter -100 rub.
Sewing machine needles-20r.
Braid meter - 50 rub.
Floss - 15 rub.
Total: 185 rubles.
The cost of the apron for culinary work was 185 rubles.
The cost of the product does not include the cost of tailoring, since the apron
was made by me myself.
Therefore, the design work is economically feasible
and brings savings to the family budget .
Self-esteem (total)
I learned how to sew an apron during craft classes, and made a creative project at home.
I think I can give myself a high five based on the quality of the backsplash and the scope of the creative project.
Self-esteem: 5.
Used Books:
- Technology. Service work. 5 grades O.A. Kozhina and others.
- Fashion magazines
