He was the ruler of the USSR. Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov

Image Caption. The royal family hid a disease of the heir to the throne

Disputes on the state of the health of President Vladimir Putin are forced to remember the Russian tradition: the first person was considered as a terrestrial deity, to remember which was not obvious and vousa.

Possessing almost unlimited lifelong power, the rulers of Russia were sick and died as ordinary mortals. It is said that in the 1950s, someone from the liberally tuned young "stadium poets" once said: "Only they have no administrators for heart attacks!".

Discussion of the personal life of the leaders, including their physical condition, was banned. Russia is not America, which publishes these analyzes of presidents and candidates for presidents, and their figures of their blood pressure.

Cesarevich Alexey Nikolaevich, as it is known, suffered to congenital hemophilia - a hereditary disease in which blood is not normal, and any injury can lead to death from internal hemorrhage.

The only person capable of improving his condition is still incomprehensible to improving his condition, was Grigory Rasputin, who was expressing in modern, strong psychics.

Nicholas II and his spouse categorically did not want to publish the fact that their only son is actually a disabled. Even ministers only in general knew that Zesarevich had health problems. Simple people, seeing the heir during rare public exits in the hands of a hefty sailor, considered him a victim of the attempt of terrorists.

Aleksey Nikolayevich could subsequently lead the country or not, unknown. His life in incomplete 14 years crashed the Chekist bullet.

Vladimir Lenin

Image Caption. Lenin was the only Soviet leader from whose health was not done secret

The founder of the Soviet state died unusually early, in 54, from the progressive atherosclerosis. An autopsy showed an incompatible lesion of brain vessels. It was rumored that the development of the disease was provoked by an incredited syphilis, but there is no evidence to this.

The first stroke, the resulting partial paralysis and loss of speech, happened to Lenin on May 26, 1922. After that, he was at the cottage in the hills in a helpless state, which was interrupted by short remissions.

Lenin is the only Soviet leader, who did not make a secret from whose physical condition. Medical bulletins were published regularly. At the same time, the colleagues until recent days they assured that the leader would recover. Joseph Stalin, who visited Lenin in Gorki more often than other members of the leadership, posted optimistic reports in the "Pravda" on how they were cheerfully joking with reinsurers with Ilyich.

Joseph Stalin

Image Caption. About Stalin's disease reported the day before his death

The "leader of the peoples" in recent years has suffered a severe defeat of the cardiovascular system, probably aggravated by an unhealthy way of life: he worked a lot, while turning the night a day, eating fat and acute food, smoked and drank, and did not like to be examined.

According to some reports, the "doctors" began with the fact that the Cardiologist Kogan advised a high-ranking patient more relax. A suspicious dictator saw in this someone's attempt to remove him from things.

When the "doctors' case", Stalin remained at all without qualified medical care. Even the closest people could not speak with him on this topic, and he was so he fought so much that after a stroke, which happened on March 1, 1953 in the near country, was lying on the floor for several hours, since she had previously banned the security to disturb him without a call.

Even after Stalin turned 70 years old, a public discussion of his health and forecasts, which will be with the country after his care, were absolutely impossible in the USSR. The idea that we will ever remain "without it," was considered blasphemy.

For the first time, the people of Stalin, the people reported a day before his death, when he had long been unconscious.

Leonid Brezhnev

Image Caption. Brezhnev "Rules, not coming into consciousness"

Leonid Brezhnev recent years, how to joke in the people, "rules, without coming into consciousness." The very possibility of such jokes confirmed that after Stalin, the country was still much changed.

Elder diseases in the 75-year-old Secretary General grabbed. Mentioned, in particular, sluggish leukemia. Nevertheless, it is difficult to say, from what, in fact, he died.

Doctors talked about the overall weakening of the body caused by the abuse of soothing and sleeping drugs and caused failure in memory, the loss of coordination and the disorder of speech.

In 1979, Brezhnev during the meeting of the Politburo lost consciousness.

"You know, Mikhail," said Yuri Andropov just translated into Moscow and not accustomed to such scenes to Mikhail Gorbachev, "to do everything to support Leonid Ilyich. This is a question of stability."

Brezhnev politically killed television. In previous times, his condition could be hidden, but in the 1970s it was impossible to avoid regular appearance on the screen, including in the live broadcast.

The explicit inadequacy of the leader in combination with the complete lack of official information caused the extremely negative reaction of society. Instead of pity for a sick person, people responded with jokes and jokes.

Yury Andropov

Image Caption. Andropov suffered by defeat the kidneys

Yuri Andropov Most of the Life suffered from a severe defeat of the kidneys, from which, in the end, and died.

The disease caused pressure increase. In the mid-1960s, Andropov was treated hard from hypertension, it did not give results, it was the question of his retirement retirement.

The Kremlin doctor Evgeny Chazov made a dizzying career due to the fact that he put the right diagnosis of the KGB chapter and presented it about 15 years of active life.

In June 1982, at the Plenum of the Central Committee, when the speaker called from the Tribunes to "give a party assessment" to distributors of rumors, Andropov unexpectedly intervened and told the tough tone that "the last time warns" those who chat delicately in conversations with foreigners. According to the researchers, he meant, first of all, leaks of information about his health.

In September, Andropov went to rest in the Crimea, there was a cold and no more from the bed did not get up. In the Kremlin Hospital, hemodialysis was regularly made - the procedure for cleaning the blood with the help of equipment that replaces the normal operation of the kidneys.

Unlike Brezhnev, who once fell asleep and did not wake up, Andropov died for a long time and painfully.

Konstantin Chernenko

Image Caption. Chernenko rarely appeared in public, said, choking

After the death of Andropov, the need to give the country a young dynamic leader was obvious to everyone and everyone. But the old members of the Politburo put forward to the general secretaries of 72-year-old Konstantin Chernenko, formally who was human number 2.

As the former health minister of the USSR Boris Petrovsky recalled later, they all thought exclusively about how to die at the posts, they were not to the country, and even more so, not to reforms.

Chernenko has long been sick of emphysema lungs, heading the state, almost did not work, rarely appeared in the public, said, choking and swallowing words.

In August 1983, he suffered severe poisoning, sowing fish in the Crimea, his own self-caught and smoked neighbor in the country, Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Vitaly Fedorchuk. Many were treated with a gift, but no one had happened to anyone anyone.

Konstantin Chernenko died on March 10, 1985. Three days earlier in the USSR, elections were held in the Supreme Council. Television showed a Secretary-General, who approached the urn with a non-hard gait, lowered the bulletin in her, sluggishly waved his hand and said vigilantly: "Good".

Boris Yeltsin

Image Caption. Yeltsin, as far as known, suffered five heart attacks

Boris Yeltsin suffered from severe heart disease and, according to the available data, suffered five heart attacks.

The first president of Russia has always been proud of the fact that it does not take it, he was engaged in sports, bought in ice water and largely built his image, and the dismissed was accustomed to tolerate on her legs.

Health of Yeltsin deteriorated in the summer of 1995, but there were elections ahead, and he refused a detailed treatment, although the doctors warned about the "irreparable harm to health." According to the journalist Alexander Khinstein, he stated: "After the elections, at least cut, and now leave."

June 26, 1996, a week before the second round of elections, in Kaliningrad, Yeltsin had a heart attack that with great difficulty managed to hide.

August 15, immediately after joining the position, the president lay down at the clinic, where he was made by the operation of the Aorticorona shunting. This time he conscientiously performed all the instructions of the physicians.

In the conditions of freedom of speech, the truth about the state of health of the head of state was difficult, but the surroundings tried as it could. Recognized, as a last resort, the presence of ischemia and temporary colds. Press secretary Sergey Yastrzhembsky told that the president rarely appears in humans, because it is extremely busy work with documents, but he has an iron handshake.

Separately, mention should be mentioned about the relationship of Boris Yeltsin with alcohol. Political opponents have constantly detected this topic. One of the main slogans of the Communists during the 1996 campaign sounded: "Instead of Elah drunk, choose Zyuganov!".

Meanwhile, in the public, Yeltsin appeared "under the fly" the only time - during the famous orchestra conduction in Berlin.

The former head of the presidential security Alexander Korzhakov, who had no reason to fire off the former Chef, wrote in memories that in September 1994, Yeltsin did not leave the plane to a meeting with the Prime Minister Ireland not because of intoxication, but because of a heart attack. Havor confused, advisors decided that albeit people believe a "alcoholic" version than to recognize that the leader is seriously sick.

Safety retirement, mode and peace have been beneficial to the health of Boris Yeltsin. He lived in retirement for almost eight years, although in 1999, according to the estimates of the physicians, was in serious condition.

Is it worth hiding the truth?

According to experts, the disease for the statesman, of course, is not plus, but in the era of the Internet, it is meaningless in the era of the Internet, and with the skillful Piara, it is possible to even extract political dividends.

As an example, analysts point to the President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez, who made good advertising from his fight against a cancer. Supporters received a reason to be proud of the fact that their idol in fire does not burn and even in the face of the face thinks about the country, and they ran around it even stronger around him.

Soviet party and statesman.
The first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU since 1964 (since 1966, the Secretary-General) and the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1960-1964. and since 1977
Marshal of the Soviet Union, 1976

Biography Brezhnev

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Born December 19, 1906 in the village of Kamensky Yekaterinoslav province (now it is Dneprodzerzhinsk).

Father L. Brezhneva, Ilya Yakovlevich, was a working and metallurgist. Mother Brezhneva, Natalia Denisovna, had the name of Mazelov to marriage.

In 1915, Brezhnev entered the zero class of classical gymnasium.

In 1921, Leonid Brezhnev graduated from the labor school, he entered the first job for a Kursk eclobo plant.

1923 was marked by entry into the Komsomol.

In 1927, Brezhnev graduated from a Kursk land and ameliorative technical school. After studying Leonid Ilyich worked for some time in Kursk and Belarus.

In 1927 - 1930 Brezhnev occupies the position of land route in the Urals. Later began to head the district land department, was the Deputy Chairman of the Rain Executive Committee, Deputy Head of the Ural Regional Land Department. He took an active part in collectivization in the Urals.

In 1928 Leonid Brezhnev married.

In 1931, Brezhnev entered WCP (b) (All-Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks).

In 1935, he received a diploma of the Dneprodzerzhinsky Metallurgical Institute, being Porthorg.

In 1937 he entered the metallurgical plant to them. F.E. Dzerzhinsky engineer immediately received the position of Deputy Chairman of the Dneprodzerzhinsky City Executive Committee.

In 1938, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was appointed head of the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Committee of the WCP (b), and a year later received the secretary in the same organization.

During the Great Patriotic War, Brezhnev occupies a number guidelines: Deputy. The head of political management of the 4th Ukrainian Front, the head of the 18th Army political department, the head of the political management of the Carpathian Military District. He graduated from the war in the rank of Major General, although, had "military knowledge very weak."

In 1946, L.I. Brezhnev was appointed 1st secretary of the Zaporizhia Regional Committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine, in the year in the same position was translated into the Dnipropetrovsk Obat.

In 1950, he became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, in July of the same year - the 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the CP (b) of Moldova.

In October 1952, Brezhnev received from Stalin, the post of Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and became a member of the Central Committee and the Candidate of the Presidium of the Central Committee.

After the death of I.V. Stalin In 1953, the rapid career of Leonid Ilyich was interrupted. He was lowered and was appointed 1st Deputy Head of the Main Political Department of the Soviet Army and Fleet.

1954 - 1956 The famous raising virgin in Kazakhstan. L.I. Brezhnev consistently occupies positions of the 2nd and 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the CPs of the Republic.

In February 1956, he returns the secretary of the Central Committee.

In 1956, Brezhnev became a candidate, and a year later a member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee (in 1966 the organization was renamed the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee). In this position, Leonid Ilyich led the scientific industries, including the development of space.

The historic site of the Bagheir - the mystery of the story, the mysteries of the universe. The secrets of great empires and ancient civilizations, the fate of the disappeared treasures and biographies of people who changed the world, secrets of the special services. Chronicle of war, the description of battles and battles, intelligence operations of the past and present. World traditions, modern life of Russia, unknown USSR, the main directions of culture and other related topics - all that is silent official science.

Learn the secrets of stories - it is interesting ...

Now read

Our publication has already talked about the participation of animals in World War II. However, the use of the brothers of our smaller in hostilities takes their beginning in time immemorial. And one of the first were attracted to this harsh case of the dog ...

Who is destined to burn, he will not drown. This gloomy proverb perfectly illustrated the peripetics of the fate of Astronaut Virgila Grissom, who entered the crew of the American spacecraft Apollo-1.

Since 1921, the plan of Goello brought the Soviet Union to industrialized powers. The symbols of this success were the discovered list of large-scale buildings of the Volkhovskaya HPP and the largest Dneprovskaya HPP in Europe.

The first cable car room appeared in the Swiss Alps in 1866. It was something like an attraction "two in one": short, but breathtaking journey over the precipice and at the same time delivery of tourists to the viewing platform with a magnificent view from there.

... Loud rolling noise did what it seemed impossible, - he made me tighten my head from the sleeping bag, and then perforid about the warm tent on the frost at all. It seemed as if thousands of drums were treated at the same time. Their echo rolled through valleys. My face hung fresh cold morning air. Oblaned around everything. The thin layer of ice covered the tent and grass around it. Now my housing clearly resembled the Eskimo needle.

The variety and originality of the Masonic orders and their rituals are sometimes striking. Masons are ready to use in their ministries almost all religious rituals. One of these those who love to originate the orders, for example, involved Islamic and Arabic flavor.

June 1917 was marked by a sensation: women's military units with a frightening name "Death battalions" appeared in the Russian-German front as part of the Russian army.

As is known, the participants of the speech on December 14, 1825 in the Senate Square in St. Petersburg were mainly young guvia or fleet officers. But among the members of the secret society, which operated at the Moscow University in early 1831, almost all the liberals were listed by students of the oldest university. "Case", which heard the gendarm from June 1831 to January 1833, remained in the archives. Otherwise, the history of Moscow State University would have enriched information about students opposed to the Nikolaev Despoty.

The dates of the Board of Stalin historians call the period from 1929 to 1953. Joseph Stalin (Jugashvili) was born on December 21, 1879. Is the founder. Many contemporaries of the Soviet era associate the years of Stalin's reign not only with a victory over fascist Germany and an increase in the level of industrialization of the USSR, but also with numerous repressions of the civilian population.

During the reign of Stalin, about 3 million people were imprisoned and sentenced to death. And if they are added to them also sent to references, spoken and deported, the victims among civilians in the Stalin era can be counted about 20 million people. Now many historians and psychologists are inclined to the fact that the nature of Stalin has a tremendous influence inside the family and child-ups.

Stalin's hard character

From reliable sources it is known that Stalin's childhood was not the happiest and cloudless. The parents of the leader often swear with the sons. Father saw a lot and allowed himself to beat the mother in front of a little Joseph. Mother, in turn, broke her anger on her son, beat and humiliated him. The unfavorable atmosphere in the family has greatly affected Stalin's psyche. As a child, Stalin understood the simple truth: who is stronger, that's right. This principle became the motto of the future leader in life. He was also guided in the management of the country. He was always strict with his.

In 1902, Joseph Vissarionovich organized a demonstration in Batumi, this step was the first in a political career for him. A little later, Stalin became the Bolshevik leader, and Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov) is included in the circle of his best friends. Stalin fully divides the revolutionary ideas of Lenin.

In 1913, Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili first uses his pseudonym - Stalin. From this time, he becomes known for this surname. Few people know that before the last name Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich experienced about 30 pseudonyms, which did not fit.

Stalin's Board Time

The period of the reign of Stalin begins from 1929. Almost all the time of the Board of Joseph Stalin is accompanied by collectivization, the mass death of the civilian population and hunger. In 1932, Stalin adopted the Law "On Three Spikelets". According to this law, the starving peasant, who sore a spikelet of wheat from the state, was immediately subject to the highest punishment - shooting. All saved bread in the state went abroad. It was the first stage of the industrialization of the Soviet state: the purchase of modern foreign trade techniques.

During the reign of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, mass repressions of the Peaceful Nalena of the USSR were carried out. The beginning of the repression was found in 1936, when the post of Peace of Internal Affairs of the USSR took HI HJV In 1938, by order of Stalin, his close friend - Bukharin was shot. During this period, many residents of the USSR were exiled to the Gulag or shot. Despite all the cruelty of the measures taken, the policy of Stalin was aimed at raising the state and its development.

Pros and cons of the Board of Stalin

Minuses:

• hard rule policy:
• practically complete destruction of the highest army ranks, intelligentsia and scientific figures (which thought not as the Government of the USSR);
• repression of wealthy peasants and the believing population;
• an increase in the "precipices" between the elite and the working class;
• depression of the civilian population: labor payment by products instead of money remuneration, working day up to 14 hours;
• propaganda anti-Semitism;
• about 7 million hungry deaths during the collectivization period;
• prosperity of slavery;
• selective development of sectors of the Soviet state economy.

Pros:

• creating a protective nuclear shield in the post-war time;
• increase in the number of schools;
• creation of children's clubs, sections and circles;
• exploration of outer space;
• lower prices for consumer goods;
• low prices for utilities;
• development of the industry of the Soviet state in the world arena.

The Public System of the USSR was formed to the Stalinist Epoch, social, political and economic institutions appeared. Joseph Vissarionovich completely abandoned the NEP policy, at the expense of the village he conducted the modernization of the Soviet state. Thanks to the strategic qualities of the Soviet leader, the USSR won in World War II. The Soviet state became referred to as a superpower. The USSR entered the UN Security Council. The Epoch of Stalin's Board ended in 1953, when. At the post of Chairman of the Government of the USSR, N. Khrushchev changed him.

1722 - By the decree of Peter I, the systematic observations of the weather began in St. Petersburg.

1778 - Approved by the coat of arms of Cherni, together with the rest of the coat of arms of the Tula pricker.

1809 - The first book "Bass" I.A. Krylova.

1888 - In Russia, during the polygon tests, Emperor Alexander III made shots from the Maxim machine gun, after which this weapon was sent to the Russian army.

1898 - In St. Petersburg on the North Rink on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, the first hockey game was held in accordance with the approved rules.

1914 The first issue of the magazine "Worker" was published.

1917 - February 23 in the old style or March 8 for a new style in Petrograd passed women's demonstrations of suffling with slogans "Bread and Peace!", The next day the workers of the Putil Plant were connected to the strike, the clashes with the police began.

1921 - Installed International Women's Day.

1923 - Educated Society of Friends of the Air Fleet (EDDF).

1924 - the diplomatic relations between the USSR and Greece are established.

1929 - A solemn meeting and concert dedicated to the International Women's Day passed in Leningrad in the Small Opera Theater. At the concert for the first time, the Orchestra "Theatrical Jazz" L.O. Rockov.

1940 - the city of Perm in connection with the upcoming 50th anniversary of the Chairman of the SNK of the USSR V.M. Molotova is renamed in his honor. In 1957, the city returned the original name he received in 1781.

1941 - Foreign Research Institute (Lii them. M.M. Gromova). The first chief of the institute was appointed Hero of the Soviet Union M.M. Thunder.

1944 - By order I.V. Stalin has begun mass deportation of the Balcarians.

1945 - the diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Dominican Republic are established.

1946 - The Cathedral of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Lviv decided to eliminate union with the Vatican and the union with the Russian Orthodox Church.

1963 - N.S. Khrushchev spoke with a speech in the Sverdlovsk Hall of the Kremlin "High vocation of literature and art".

1963 - China canceled the Aigan Treaty with Russia from 1858, demanding from the USSR of the Earth back.

1968 - The Soviet diesel submarine K-129 was sank in the Pacific Ocean during combat patrol. According to different data, 98 to 105 sailors were killed.

1983 - rejecting the proposal of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Chamber of Representatives of the US Congress on Freezing Nuclear Weapons Together with the USSR, President R. Reagan at the national congress of evangelists called the Soviet Union by the firmware of evil in the modern world, genuine "Evil Empire", arguing that the world can only be achieved with Forces. Several days have passed, and he suggested the Star Wars Program.

1988 - Ovechkin family from Irkutsk captures the plane and trying to escape from the USSR assault of the aircraft leads to human victims.