“The face, the front side, the external view of the building from a right angle of view: exactly from the front, from the side or from the back” - such a clear interpretation of the facade is given in architectural reference books.
For us, ordinary people, the facade is the outer walls of the building, what we see when looking at the house. Shaping the appearance of the entire building, it is responsible for the durability, safety, stability, fire resistance and heat of the most important parts of the building. All cities are distinguished by unique buildings, inimitable architecture and represent the cultural heritage of the era. Modern designers have many different ideas to help make a home exclusive, emphasizing status, taste and country.
It is the facades that create the differences between modern cities, which are so similar in terms of organization and are the last factor of originality.
In order to preserve the unique and inimitable appearance of each city, a legislative document was created - the passport of the building. It contains all the information about the technical condition of the city's buildings for renovation works, any change is legalized.
To date, a law has been developed to preserve the historical appearance of the city, its architectural features, and any violation, unauthorized change of the facade will entail such liability as fines and administrative warnings.
Attention: re-equipment of facades, individual buildings, fences, installation and replacement, as well as illegal arrangement of entrances. Today, specialists, firms that work in the field of redevelopment, affecting changes, undertake to enter them in the passports of buildings, not excluding the housing stock.
In the article of the law, all actions related to any changes must be carried out with the consent of the KGA, or with the KGIOP, as well as with the permission of the owners of buildings and non-residential structures. This applies both to objects of cultural heritage, as well as to buildings and structures that are located in the protected area of \u200b\u200bhistorical and cultural monuments, as well as architectural ensembles and landscapes.
The functional role of the facade is quite large, since it carries a certain load, and unauthorized work on the part of illegal redevelopment endangers the safety of the residents of the residential building and creates the risk of an accident in the premises and the entire building as a whole. As a rule, incorrect calculations affect the supporting structures, and can lead to incorrect load distribution, hence deformation or complete destruction of the building. It is important to remember that the demand for residential premises is usually outstripping the existing ones and residential buildings have to be operated much longer than prescribed. Over time, buildings designed to last 20 years are unable to withstand fifty years of overload and still look and not collapse. Bearing structures, are subject to natural wear and tear, corrosion and they also need to be repaired and strengthened, because they hold all other elements of the building. Most often you have to strengthen load-bearing walls and the foundations, that is, the foundation of the house, come to the rescue here the latest technology, such as bent channels, as well as the introduction of a metal frame: iron squares, planks, a new external skeleton of the building is created using the installation reinforcement mesh... To improve the aesthetic appearance, it is covered with several layers of cement mortar, which helps to hide cracks and improve the cosmetic appearance, and a new and durable layer of reinforced concrete appears to replace the old structure on top. The performance of such work is perfectly visible in the video
with the help of new technologies, the old building can be strengthened, given modern look or return to its historical appearance.
The facade is responsible for: house insulation, protection of walls from precipitation, which allows to increase the service life without major repairs, as well as the regulation of water vapor migration. As you have already seen, the facade has important functions that should not be neglected. And if we are counting on the long-term operation of the house, we need to calculate the service life of the facade structure, and it is advisable to decide on the period of repair and annual maintenance.
A, m. Façade f. 1. The main, front part of the building. BAS 1. And to the streets of those houses, the facades should be done according to the plan and profile. 1738. PSZ 10 464. Exercise in architecture, namely in drawing plans, profiles and facades. 1750. // Pronina Dec. claim. 189. What ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms
- (fr. facade, from lat. facies face, image). The front, front side of a building, usually facing the street. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. FACADE, outer, front side of the building. ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
- (front door); avant-garde; (one, only) name, (one, only) glory, side, face, face, cover, form, sign, visibility, fiction Dictionary of Russian synonyms. facade see visibility 2 Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: ... ... Synonym dictionary
facade - Outer wall buildings or structures; distinguish F. main, side, yard, etc. [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages \u200b\u200b(VNIIIS Gosstroy USSR)] facade Outside side of a building or structure. Depending on the configuration ... ... Technical translator's guide
Something at first normal and suitable, then lost these qualities and became spoiled. The word facade can be used in relation to many things and concepts: words, deeds, soul, body, person, object, deals, service, religion, etc. AT… … Islam. Encyclopedic Dictionary.
FACADE, facade, husband. (French facade). Front side of the building. The facade of the building is decorated with flags. The house is facing south. "I was looking ... at the yellowish facades of distant buildings." A. Turgenev. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
Buildings, fr. main, front, front side. The house for the facade is being built. Facade drawing. Pack up the wall of the wattle, tourluchnaya hut, southern. plastering, covering with clay, rubbing and whitening. | Packing mill wheel, southern insert fists, fingers ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
- (French façade, from Italian facciata, from faccia face), the outer side of a building or structure. Depending on the configuration of the building and its surroundings, the main facade, side, street, courtyard, park, and others are distinguished. Proportions, ... ... Art encyclopedia
facade - FASAD, spec. frontispiece, outdated. face ... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms for Russian speech
FASAD, ah, husband. Front side of a building, structure. Facade composition. Behind the facade of events (re.). Behind the facade of what, in meaning. offer with genus. under the guise of what n. Behind the facade of beautiful phrases. | adj. front, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S. And ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
facade - FASAD, a, m. Face ... Dictionary of Russian argo
Books
- Facade (Design Pattern) by Jesse Russell. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Facade Pattern - Design Pattern, ...
- Facade and backyards, Nikolay Polyanov. Publicism, especially international journalism, is a difficult, complex genre, someone even said - "convict". From the one who deals with it, the indefatigability of an eternal traveler is required, volume ...
FACADE (French façade, Italian facciata from faccia - "face, front side") in architecture - a view of the outer walls of the building from a right angle, without foreshortenings: exactly from the front, from the side or from behind.
Facade- (from the Italian faccia - face) the outer side of a building or structure. Depending on the configuration of the building and its surroundings, there are:
- the main facade,
- side facades,
- street facade,
- courtyard facade,
- park, etc.
The proportions, tectonicity and decorativeness of the division of the facade are usually determined by the purpose of the structure, the peculiarities of its stylistic, spatial and constructive solution.
Facade- any external side of the building, regardless of the location of the main entrance and decoration elements. According to the architectural plan and the location of the building in the surrounding space, the facades are divided into main, rear, side, courtyard and others. This is the face of the building ..
Facade(fr. façade - front, front side of the building) - outside, front side of the building.
Also, a facade is called a drawing of an orthogonal projection of a building onto a vertical plane.
Forms, proportions, decor of the facade are determined by the purpose of the architectural structure, its design features, stylistic solution of its architectural image.
Distinguish between the main, side, rear facades, as well as street and yard.
Material from Wikipedia
Facade- the external vertical surface of a building or structure, formed by the external structure, horizontal and vertical divisions, the rhythm of openings (balconies, loggias), architectural details, the texture of construction and finishing materials, color, etc .; depending on the type of structure and the shape of its plan, location distinguish between the main, side, courtyard facades.
V. Levonensky. Law of Belarus: Concepts, terms, definitions, 2002
Facade(French Façade, Italian Fronte) - the outer side, in the narrow sense of the front, the front side of the building, decorated richer than others and in which there is the main entrance to it. The other sides of the building are called the rear, courtyard, and lateral F. The architectural division of F. must correspond to the character of the building and be distinguished by the harmony of its lines. It is necessary that the F., both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction, express the location indoor spaces buildings, designated its floors with more or less wide and protruding cornices, had a base commensurate with its height at the bottom, and above, in the transition to the roof, more massive than others, the "main" cornice. Significant surfaces of the F. wall must be enlivened with pilasters, niches, stucco work and other cutting in accordance with the general style of the building.
Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Images of the exterior of a building projected onto vertical planes are called facades.
Translation of "Facade" from Russian into English:
m.
1) (outer, front side of the building) facade [- "sɑːd], front
shop fronts - shop fronts
2) (external visibility) facade, disguise, (false) appearances pl
he hid fear behind a facade of confidence - he put up a facade of confidence to hide his fear
facade
noun; fr.
1) facade (building)
facade architecture - facade architecture, design of the front part of the building
Synonym:
front
2) the external side (question, etc.); visibility
In accordance with applicable legal regulations the front facade of the building is the facade that is viewed from the side of the roadway.
External (front) surfaces of the building, formed by its enclosing structures, window and doorways, balconies, loggias, bay windows, cornices and other architectural elements that have a functional, constructive and artistic purpose.
Depending on the shape of the building, its location in relation to the street or area, the location of the main. premises and entrances differ: main, side and rear facades. In buildings of the centric type, erected, for example, in the open space of an area, such a division does not exist; all their facades are equal.
The composition of the facade, the nature of its elements, divisions, proportions depend on the social content and form of the building, due to its practical purpose and constructive basis. In the compositional solution, the facades reflect the typological features of the building (residential building, school, hospital, etc.), urban planning requirements for scale, ensemble subordination, stylistic unity, etc., the features of the adopted structural system, as well as building, textured and color properties of used builds and finishing materials.
In certain historic. During periods, the facades of the building acquired self-sufficient significance, was considered as an independent area of \u200b\u200barchitectural and artistic creativity, often not associated with the purpose of the building and its constructive basis. For example, in the 2nd floor. XIX century, in connection with the decline of architecture, the development of capitalist competition, F. residential, commercial, industrial and societies, buildings were decorated with numerous architectural details and elements borrowed from various architectural styles of the past, contrary to the new practical purpose and constructive basis of these buildings. Reinforced concrete or metal structures of walls and ceilings with the help of plaster and artificial facing were given the character of monumental stone arcades, colonnades, porticos, domes, vaults. Looking at the facades of the building as a "picture plane", without regard to its material and technical basis, is typical of periods of decline of architecture and domination
First of all, the whole team is engaged preparatory work... Cleanse facade from dirt, cut the surface, select seams, cut down irregularities.
Tubular scaffolds are convenient because they can be used in buildings of any shape and configuration facade... Currently, stationary forests are used more often.
Chinese Palace (Own dacha). Roller Coaster Pavilion. Southern facade.
The Church of Saint Philibert in Tournus (early 11th century) is distinguished by more complex forms: between two flanking facade there is a large two-story narthex with towers ...
This was done, Sugerius colorfully recounts, to avoid the crush. Facade was divided by four buttresses into three fields.
Facade - window - interior. For an aesthetic assessment of the structure, the location, breakdown and drawing of windows on facade buildings play a decisive role.facade and gradually tapering upwards.
Everyone knows that the facade for a building is the same as a face for a person. As well as the fact that the facade is of great importance for the perception of the building for an outside observer. In the end, the first impression about a person is formed by his appearance, and then the process of acquaintance and recognition begins. But in the case of a building facade, it is necessary to remember not only about the representative function, but also about its practical role.
Types of facades
The facade is usually understood as the outer side of any building, which is the front, that is, it was originally designed to meet visitors and the views of passers-by. In the era of standard construction, when the main structural features of buildings, their functional filling, the main technological principles of planning and construction are widespread, it was the facade that remained, perhaps, the last factor of originality. It is the facades of buildings that determine the differences between modern cities, which are very similar in terms of organization.
The front side is called the main facade, however, all other sides of the building are also facades. Only this, depending on the conditions of the surrounding urban environment, may be a side facade, a street facade (which is most often the main one, but not in all cases), a rear facade, a courtyard facade, a park facade. As for the division of facades according to the design features of their execution, here we can say:
- about stone and brick facades;
- about concrete monolithic facades;
- about translucent facades;
- about hinged, ventilated and hinged ventilated facades;
- and even about such modern types of facades as media facades (screens installed on the facades, which together create a video picture according to the mosaic principle, turning the facade of a building into a huge screen).
Siding is the last word in building facades
Modern construction technologies provide a huge field for activity and space for imagination in the matter of materials with which facades of buildings can be finished. After all, it is precisely the decoration of the facade as part of the construction and repair process that is given special attention in the current conditions: it is the decoration that forms the appearance of the facade and the entire building, while solving practical problems of durability, reliability, safety of this most important part of the building with varying degrees of success. All of the above considerations, supplemented by the motives of efficiency and increasing the speed of work, ultimately lead to the fact that modern decoration facade in most cases involves the use of siding.
Siding is a cladding material made in the form of horizontal panels, fastened to each other on the wall of a building. The versatility, and, therefore, the attractiveness of siding is determined by the fact that, firstly, siding allows you to achieve a variety of shapes; secondly, it is relatively easy to operate; thirdly, it can be made of almost any material. That is why siding has recently been slowly but surely replacing the previously dominant plaster from the facades, which, however, is not going to give up too much and is increasingly looking for various options (polymer, pebble, mosaic, structural and many others).
Siding can be made of wood - this ensures the aesthetics of the appearance, improves the thermal protection of the structure. Siding can be metal, which increases (with correct assembly and compliance with operating conditions) the durability of the facade and its resistance to the external environment. The siding can be made of polystyrene - which reduces the heat transfer of the building, which is important for regions with a harsh climate, reduces the risk of fungus in the walls, increases the vapor permeability of the building, and prevents the accumulation of moisture on the walls. Siding can be vinyl - and this not only means the strength, durability and practicality of such a facade (which is easy to clean from the inevitable signs of pollution), but also an increase in the external attractiveness of the facade due to the brilliant (in the literal sense of the word) material properties.
Alexander Babitsky
