The intensification of innovation, the introduction of the latest scientific and design developments into production for years to come can determine the competitiveness of the domestic economy, its industries (and individual enterprises). This fully applies to the construction complex. New technologies in construction are never in demand today.
At the past exhibitions, the best examples of high-tech products, new equipment and construction technologies, equipment and new materials were demonstrated, which today can (and are already finding) widespread use in the construction industry - in the construction and operation of a variety of construction projects. The review highlights some of the most exciting innovations in these exhibits.
A very extensive and relevant in its focus, the exposition was presented at the stands of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Many of the developments are already ready for use in practice today, while others, made at the stage of experimental models, are very promising and are capable of giving a tangible economic effect in the near future when they are industrialized.
The Institute of Geoecology (IGE RAS, Moscow) has been working a lot on new technologies in construction for a long time, for example, a new method of strengthening soft soils at the base of buildings and structures has recently been developed, which is based on the introduction into the ground injection solutions... The "Geocomposite" method is capable of transforming the parent soil into a natural and technogenic massif with a high bearing capacity.
This method can be successfully applied not only in new construction, but also, for example, in strengthening the foundations of architectural monuments.
The original novelty is presented by scientists and specialists of the Institute of Chemistry of Solutions (IKhR RAS, Ivanovo). A new energy-saving pulse-wave technology for the activation of cement compositions and concretes has been created here, which makes it possible to increase the strength of concrete by 30-35%.
Interesting novelties were presented in the field of new production technologies building materials.
Scientists and specialists of the enterprise "RLB SILIKA" (Moscow) have developed and mastered in production a new multifunctional heat, sound, electrical and fireproof material SuperSil based on amorphous silica fiber for T up to 1200 ° C (short term up to 1700 ° C) ... Unlike materials in this segment, SuperSil does not contain binders that are capable of emitting all kinds of gases when heated, it is practically non-flammable, does not cause smoke and is not hazardous to the respiratory system. Such materials can be used not only in construction, but also in mechanical engineering, energy, etc. Thus, we can say that new building technologies are based on new building materials.
Composite materials occupy an important place in new building technologies. So, for example, specialists from the Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis. Topchiev developed the newest material Polinite
Members and specialists of the Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis. Topchiev (TIHS RAS) and MSTU im. Bauman developed and mastered in production a new composite material - Polinite, which has serious prospects to be used for the production of high-strength pipes.
An interesting industrial technology and a compact installation for the production of environmentally friendly building material Arbolit (wood concrete) based on waste wood raw materials (up to 90% of wood chips) was offered by TechnoProject-M LLC (Khimki, Moscow region). Interestingly enough, the production of this material can pay off in the first six months and, with a small staff, can have a high profitability. and in addition to the release of building materials, have the function of high-quality "utilization" of wood waste.
As you know, in the construction industry, the problem of corrosion protection of a wide variety of metal and reinforced concrete structures.
The developers of the Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPH RAS) presented a new neutral rust converter, IFKHAN-58PR. Usually, during the construction and operation of reinforced concrete structures, during repair and painting work, a chemical anti-corrosion method for treating steel surfaces is often used, based on the transformation of rust into sparingly soluble iron compounds. However, most rust converters used today contain mineral acids, which requires a very laborious operation of rinsing the treated surface with water. The use of a neutral converter completely eliminates the water flushing operation. IFKHAN-58PR is a complex composition based on tannins, corrosion inhibitors (retarders) and functional additives. Vegetable tannins interact with rust, converting iron oxides into corrosive compounds that provide good adhesion to coatings. Effective inhibitors inhibit corrosion processes under the film. Thanks to special additives, the converter impregnates even thick layers of rust, and the conversion process itself takes place in environments close to neutral. The domestic novelty has successfully passed practical tests at the State Unitary Enterprise NIIZhB.
An interesting development in the field of new building technologies and materials was proposed by the specialists of the NPK Kurs-OT (Moscow). A range of new polymer waterproofing and anticorrosive coatings Vector for concrete and metal has been developed and mastered here. building structures, including for pipelines of heating networks. Composite materials based on polyurethane systems with new quality make it possible to paint pipelines without preliminary cleaning, including from rust. Painting can be done over a wide temperature range. They have a very high strength and ability to maintain their qualities at temperatures from -35 to + 170 ° C.
Construction dispersions - emulsions and suspensions occupy a very important place in a variety of construction and construction-repair technologies.
At the stand of the Moscow enterprise "Prombiofit" one could get acquainted with a new development - a mobile and high-performance plant for the preparation of building emulsions and suspensions. Compactness, mobility of the installation, production safety, as well as the ability to work in the immediate vicinity construction site (which immediately removes delivery problems) make the installation attractive for practical use. The UPES unit is used for the production of various building dispersions, including in the paint and varnish industry. UPES can be used (and has already been successfully applied) for the preparation of safe dispersed media during explosive construction works - in the construction of tunnels, canals, roads, in the decommissioning of old building structures, in the production of building materials - crushed stone, rubble, etc. According to the developers' estimates, the cost of 1 ton of products prepared on such a new technological complex is 1.5–1.8 times lower than when using traditional technologies.
The original software development was presented by the specialists of the Institute of Software Systems (IPS RAS, Pereslavl-Zalessky). This is a complex of programs "Energy saving in construction" - for calculations and optimization of building envelopes. Taking into account the three types of heat transfer (thermal conductivity, convection and radiant heat transfer) for reflective insulation with an air gap, the complex allows you to choose an effective multi-layer thermal insulation without moisture condensation. With its help, it is possible to carry out calculations of fences with any composition of materials, to determine the calculated profiles of temperature and moisture under various external conditions. And also - to optimize the arrangement of layers, excluding the possibility of moisture condensation; calculate the costs of heat and energy, the optimal distribution of heat transfer surfaces and heat fluxes in the building, choose the thermal resistance of partitions that correspond to the minimum energy consumption. The complex allows evaluating the efficiency of heat recovery and underground heat exchangers in energy-saving construction. The novelty was developed jointly with the Research Institute of Building Physics (Moscow) and passed practical testing in the calculation of various design options for multi-layer reflective insulation.
The forums and exhibitions held in Moscow brought a number of other interesting novelties. The scope of this review allowed us to tell only about a part of them.
New domestic developments in production of building materials and construction technologists attracted a lot of attention from exhibition visitors and specialists. A number of them were awarded with diplomas and medals. Many new items in the near future may find (and are already finding) practical application. They will contribute to solving urgent problems of economic development of the Russian Federation - the implementation of the national innovation potential, the practical implementation of the latest scientific and technological achievements.
Sergey Nikiforov, Chief Project Engineer of the Lakhta Center Multifunctional Complex, on the introduction of innovative technologies in the Russian construction industry, how they affect the market, and the difficulties that engineers and developers face.
- Sergey, it is known that at the beginning of the 20th century, the appearance of the elevator and the invention of the supporting steel frame of the building turned out to be revolutionary for high-rise construction. Tell us about the most innovative and relevant modern technologies in construction. Which ones have the greatest expectations from the engineering community?
- World innovative technologies in construction are now driven by two factors - reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during the construction or demolition of buildings and automation or unification of solutions, materials that can compensate for the cost of the first factor.
Realizing that in our country, unification causes an "allergy" among many engineers and architects, because we did this long years after World War II, and the topic of greenhouse gases has not yet been converted into laws or obvious advantages in development, the main emphasis in the construction industry in our country is now on the constantly increasing cost of construction. This happens both because of the monopolization of the energy market, and because of the declining qualifications of the labor force due to the desire to save on wages of the employed workers. This trend, of course, directly affects the quality of buildings and structures being built. Therefore, the introduction of innovative construction technologies that will be less dependent on the qualifications of workers is a top priority in our construction industry today.
The international pace and scale of technological progress in the industry will depend on the extent and speed of the transition to automated construction methods and the massive introduction of robotics and technology with minimal human intervention. So, many experts today agree that one of the key trends in the next decades in the construction industry should be an accelerated transition from traditional technologies for building houses directly on construction sites (on-site manufacturing) to prefabricated modular (off-site) housing construction and then to practically conveyor production houses from unified panel or modular components designed with computers.
I remember very well one example when, while doing modular wooden structures in Switzerland, I came with my supervisor to a future site where there was a large apple orchard. And literally two months later, several three-four-storey buildings made of prefabricated wooden panels stood on this place, and near the entrances one could see children's bicycles, i.e. the houses were fully inhabited.
- Why are these innovations interesting and how do they contribute to the improvement of the construction process? Why were they not used earlier and what is their advantage over earlier technologies that were and are still used in construction?
- The construction industry is traditionally one of the most conservative sectors of the modern economy, the rates of implementation in which various technological innovations, as well as the growth of labor productivity, lag significantly behind the average rates demonstrated by the world economy as a whole.
Nevertheless, the fairly widespread notion that the construction industry has remained practically unchanged over the past century and continues for the most part to use highly outdated technologies and materials, is hardly true. Almost all key components of the construction process (both the basic building materials used and production practices) have undergone a very significant transformation over the past decades. Estimating the average structural strength of the most important materials used in the industry, it can be noted that over the past 50 years, the strength of structural steel has increased by 40%, reinforcing bars by 50%, and concrete - by almost 100%.
The most important trend that has had a particularly noticeable impact on the technological development of the construction industry in the last decade is the accelerated implementation and integration of complex computer modeling at all stages of construction (development, planning and construction process). The effective use of computer modeling allows you to save on average 20-30% of the total cost of construction.
The most modern BIM models are based on the so-called 5D approach, which includes not only a comprehensive accounting of three-dimensional geometric data of the objects being built and various material resources necessary for the implementation of construction projects (building materials, production equipment, labor, etc.) , but also detailed information on the time (calendar) schedule of work and all interrelated sub-processes, incl. and on the subsequent operation and repair of the constructed facilities (i.e., in other words, within the framework of this approach, elements of long-term financial and economic forecasting are also used). Newest technologies construction is developing at the intersection of electronics, robotics and mechanical engineering. We are talking about robotic cranes (crabots), 3D printing technologies for panel and modular housing construction.
Note. BIM-models (BuildingInformation Modeling) - building information modeling systems / building objects based on three-dimensional visualization of physical objects, as well as parametric accounting of all architectural, engineering, technological, financial and economic data and information about buildings and other construction objects.
- Development not only in Russia, but all over the world is a customer of innovations. Can we talk about the readiness of the market to create new technologies now? Should we expect new engineering and technical breakthroughs in this area in the near future? Do you expect that in 10-20 years, building construction technologies will be completely updated and revised?
- The main obstacle to the spread of innovative solutions in the construction market is their lack of demand. The specifics of construction in general, and Russian in particular, force us to give a non-optimistic forecast: the use of innovative solutions will slowly grow in an evolutionary way as the market becomes saturated and qualitatively transformed. Innovative technologies and materials will not be able to take a noticeable role in the Russian construction market in the medium term (5-10 years). The role of the state in accelerating this process can potentially be significant, but so far there have been no attempts to intervene as a regulator that seriously changes the market.
I am sure that in the next 5 years new technologies will appear that will introduce the use of wood and glass in construction for structural elements of high-rise buildings. The market and the ambitions of architects are already gradually introducing these elements into the construction of buildings, which makes it possible to revise some fundamental approaches in planning objects. The only question is - when will these technologies appear on our construction sites?
- Based on your experience, tell us what are the main difficulties that engineers face in the construction of high-rise or unique objects.
- When constructing unique structures (not necessarily high-rise ones), there is traditionally a dilemma regarding standards that could help calculate unique solutions and then implement them. Obviously, the standards will always lag behind what we would like to use in unique structures. This is a world practice and it seems to me that there is no way out of it. Nevertheless, many states shift the responsibility in such cases to the developers and builders themselves, in order to enable them to create unique solutions.
- The chief architect of Moscow, Sergei Kuznetsov, recently said that “we lack a lot to start designing and constructing iconic buildings. Compared with the West, there is a developed architecture industry, modern technologies and standard engineering solutions, the latest equipment and building materials, a more flexible regulatory framework. " What construction technologies are insufficient in Russia?
- As I noted earlier, a significant factor behind the lagging of the Russian construction industry is the low qualification of the workforce, which seriously hinders the development and implementation of new materials and technologies. Therefore, it is necessary, first of all, to introduce innovative technologies in construction, which will make it possible not to depend on the qualifications of workers.
If we turn to foreign experience, then an example of such a technology is the Dincel Construction System, developed by Australian engineers. This construction technology is based on the fact that hollow honeycombs are made from a durable rigid fire-fighting polymer, which are filled with concrete and serve as a structural element of a column or wall. These polymer honeycombs (molds) are easily installed by hand using the accessories that are attached to the material. This building technology can be applied to walls of any length and shape, as well as to columns. Polymer forms are cut to a predetermined length at the manufacturing plant for a specific building object (as a constructor), which makes it possible to erect load-bearing walls and columns in a much shorter time and much cheaper than when using monolithic reinforced concrete structures.
It is also worth mentioning the innovative Holedeck coffered slab system, which, thanks to the technological holes, allows the use of 55% less concrete compared to a standard reinforced concrete slab. The Holedeck system uses prefabricated polypropylene based dies for formwork. Technological openings make it possible to place a part of utilities (for example, electricity and ventilation) in the floor structure itself.
If to list, then still a lot of technologies in construction have limited use in our country, for example, methods of prestressing concrete, technologies for lightening horizontal concrete structures in site conditions, formwork, high-strength steels in large volumes, steel above 600-700 MPa for load-bearing structures etc.
- Are there any restrictions for developers in Russia to use innovative construction technologies? Are they legislative, sectoral, or "mental" - in the minds of engineers or building customers?
- The main obstacle to the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the construction sector is the lack of a clear state policy in the field of construction. There is practically no system of economic incentives for innovation in construction in the country.
The most neglected, according to the Doing Business international rating, is the situation with administrative barriers in the Russian construction sector, which is the main constraining factor both for increasing construction volumes and for the widespread introduction of innovations. In the global DB ranking for 2012, Russia ranked 178th out of 183 in terms of “obtaining building permits”. In subsequent years, the situation improved somewhat, for example, in 2016 Russia was already in 119th place. At the same time, to obtain a building permit, entrepreneurs need to go through 19 procedures, which on average takes 244 days.
Analysis of innovations in the field of state regulation of the construction sector shows that the general state strategy provides for further liberalization of the construction sector and a reduction in the role of the state. It is difficult to imagine that such a strategy, which is not supplemented by modern instruments of state stimulation of the development and implementation of innovative technologies in construction, will allow to radically increase the volume of construction in the country and stimulate the introduction of innovations.
In today's situation, developers and builders are not interested in new technologies and they are not interested in investing significant costs in their study and use.
There are mental things that need to be solved at the level of laws and each of us (not only customers and engineers). They do not seem to be significant at all, but their massive use will give impetus to new technologies in construction and benefit the state, for example, waste separation, disposal of batteries and construction waste, saving water in everyday life, choice of packaging materials, quality of materials for facades and much more.
- What are the most striking innovative solutions applied in the Lakhta Center? What can other Russian skyscrapers be proud of? Can these solutions be replicated within the country and even exported? Will they be used in the future in mass construction or is it the lot of unique, complex and expensive objects? In short, what is your prediction?
- Speaking about the construction of skyscrapers in general, it is worth mentioning first of all the use of high-strength materials. We are talking about both high-strength concrete (concrete class “B 60”, “B 80”), and high-strength steel (steel class - 355, 465). These are the materials that are needed at height. Without them, either the building elements will turn out to be very cumbersome, or their shape will not fit the geometry that the architect came up with.
Composite structures are also used when steel and concrete are used simultaneously. These are composite (steel-reinforced concrete) columns and composite floors, when a profiled sheet is placed on a metal beam and welded through to a metal beam through this profiled sheet anchor bolts... As a result, when we pour concrete on top, we get fixed formwork... A very interesting and promising technology that has been effectively and widely used in high-rise construction for over 30 years. As for steel-reinforced concrete columns, in addition to combining the advantages of metal (speed, ease of erection of a structure in the cold season and at height) and concrete (resistance to fire load, similarity of creep and shrinkage of the outer perimeter of the tower and the core), when switching from pure metal to composite, we received a certain gain in terms and in the selection of equipment for lifting to a height.
We should also mention innovative solutions used in engineering systems of buildings, such as an intelligent facade, a lighting system with automatic color and intensity change depending on the level of natural light, refrigerators, a vacuum pneumatic garbage disposal system, etc. All engineering systems of the complex are controlled from a single control center ... The system allows specialists to monitor and control engineering systems from anywhere in the building. Monitoring data in case of an emergency situation is automatically sent to the Ministry of Emergency Situations (the state of the building structures, the operation of water, electricity and heat supply systems).
In Russia, the market is conquered faster by products that primarily help to reduce overall costs. construction companies, not always focused on high-quality, energy-efficient construction. The more active use of innovative materials and technologies is hindered by the outdated regulatory framework, which hinders the development of the construction industry in an innovative direction in general.
- In construction, each new type of elements of materials and structures must be approved. It is difficult, but justified, because lives and health of people depend on the reliability of all calculations. This year "Lakhta Center" with its research and development contributed to the approval of new regulations for composite columns. Will other new developments be created and implemented, which in the future will become generally available practice?
- Yes, I am sure that by the end of construction we will be able to publish the entire list of original technological elements that we used. Now we are introducing a unique technology for monitoring and observing structures and soils, which makes it possible, at an early stage, to control stresses and strains in the main load-bearing elements and compare them with calculated values \u200b\u200bto check ourselves and refine assemblies and parts, if the need arises.
Reference:
NIKIFOROV Sergey Vladimirovich - Chief Engineer of Lakhta Center MFC JSC.
Introduction.
Good afternoon, dear colleagues, listeners. My name is Nikita Gennadievich Babenko. I am the founder of Your City company. The mission of our company is implementation modern technologies and materials in the field of construction, fuel and energy complex and housing and communal services. I considered it important to make such a small remark so that it would be clear that I know firsthand about the introduction of modern technologies and materials. And today I would like to briefly outline my vision of the problem of introducing modern technologies in the construction industry, as well as to conduct a small review of several advanced materials and technologies, the introduction of which in the near future, we consider the most promising.
Relevance of the issue of introducing modern technologies in the construction industry.
a) Reducing construction costs, increasing profitability.
One of the motivations for the introduction of modern materials and technologies in the construction industry, which, I think, developers should pay attention to, is the reduction in the cost of construction at the stage of production of structural elements and the actual construction of buildings. As for reducing the cost of structural elements: the use of composite materials (reinforcement, fiber) or various aggregates (foam glass, Penetron "Admix") in the manufacture of reinforced concrete products can not only improve the physical and technical characteristics of building materials, and, accordingly, increase the service life, but also will significantly save money. For example, the use of glass-plastic composite reinforcement in non-load-bearing building elements allows achieving savings of 15 to 28% at the stage of precast concrete production. An impressive figure. Of course, there is one "but": the use of this material requires additional approvals, since there is a kind of paradox in GOSTs, SNiPs, etc. - composite reinforcement is not prohibited, but at the same time it is not allowed. And it is precisely this kind of problem that becomes the main stopper on the path to saving.
b) Increasing the operational characteristics of buildings and structures; expansion of operational possibilities.
Another important motivation for the developer, contributing to the introduction of modern materials and technologies, is a significant expansion of the operational capabilities of buildings and structures. For example, thanks to the use of the so-called "penetrating waterproofing" at the stage of construction of buildings and structures, the developer has the opportunity to use the space under the buildings for commercial implementation: it is possible to build underground parking lots or use these areas for commercial lease, etc. At the same time, the developer can extract the maximum profit from the sale of these areas with minimal investment, and also eliminates the risks associated with warranty repairs and damages. Given the high cost of land, it makes sense to make the most of it for commercial purposes. It is modern technologies that make it possible to achieve such results.
c) Increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and structures.
In connection with the adoption of Federal Law No. 261 "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation", a need arose for the use of energy-efficient materials in the construction of new buildings and structures, as well as during their reconstruction. innovations and “resurrected” materials, which were not used in the construction sector at one time, are the basis for developing technical solutions. Building energy-efficient buildings is profitable. For a developer it is an opportunity to sell at a higher price, for a buyer - to invest at the stage of buying real estate, and then save Of course, it is not entirely profitable for energy supplying organizations ... but we will assume that in this case we are only concerned with the interests of the developer and the buyer of real estate.
d) Creation of new and non-standard technical solutions.
The developer is often faced with various kinds of problems, the solution of which is not possible without the use of non-standard technical approaches. This can be a task for the construction of multi-storey buildings on poor soils, or the construction of complex monolithic structures without a large number of load-bearing elements or any other task that can be dealt with by using modern building materials in the development of technical solutions. For example, thanks to composite materials, now it is possible to reinforce structures without increasing the weight of the structures, as well as without losing space and area.
Problems of introducing modern technologies in the construction industry.
a) Training of specialists in the construction industry: lack of a course on modern technologies in construction in educational institutions.
The company "Your City", of which I am a representative, has a specialized contracting unit that is directly involved in training (installation supervision) on the use of materials and conducts independent work (for example, it is engaged in waterproofing basements, basements and foundations). When it comes to recruiting, we strive to rely on young professionals who have recently graduated from specialized educational institutions. And one of the problems that we encountered is that a specialist who has recently graduated from, for example, a construction technical school, or another educational institution, is trained to use outdated materials and technologies in construction. The educational process in educational institutions is based on archaic knowledge. We literally have to retrain and “discover America” young guys at our facilities. By the way, the same applies to graduates in power engineering. Only when they get on the object, they see that, for example, the thermal insulation of a pipe can be done not with mineral wool, but with the use of synthetic rubber or foam glass. I would like the state (in our case, the regional and municipal authorities) to pay attention to this problem and take active participation in her decision.
b) Design organizations are a stopper for the introduction of modern technologies in the construction industry.
The introduction of modern materials and technologies should take place at the level of design organizations. And the logic is simple: the developer stands as it is written in the project. Our managers turn to builders with suggestions for improving projects under construction using various technologies. And, most often, in response to their suggestions, our managers hear the following: “Your materials and technical solutions are great! They really could help us in solving certain problems, we do not want to renegotiate the project. " After receiving such a response, company managers began to work more actively with design organizations. As a result of this work, it was concluded that the designers are not interested in the introduction of new technologies and materials. It is convenient for them to work according to knurled schemes and calculations. Only 25% of design organizations are ready to discuss and introduce modern technologies, and even then, they remember them only when some "critical situation" arises - for example, the question of strengthening the structure arises in conditions when it is no longer possible to carry out work using old methods Conclusion - without government intervention in the design sphere, without timely amendments to GOSTs and SNiPs - the introduction of new technologies and materials will take decades, and may simply lose its relevance.
c) The use of new materials and technologies in construction without preliminary study, testing.
One of the common mistakes in the "promotion" and "implementation" of new technologies is a superficial study of the properties of materials and widespread violation of technical regulations when using technologies. For example, when carrying out work using thermal insulation materials on the basis of "liquid ceramics" the contractor a) uses the material for other purposes (as the main thermal insulation material, although none of the gastrointestinal materials is such), b) violates the technical regulations for the work (interlayer drying is not maintained, the application conditions are violated - humidity and temperature conditions ). All of the above leads to discrediting of materials and technologies, and consumers' refusal to use them. There are several ways to deal with this problem, first of all, as mentioned above, at the stage of training specialists in the construction industry; as well as tightening control by supervisory authorities. Also, do not forget that not everything new is good. The innovative material or technology presented by the manufacturer does not always correspond to the declared characteristics and properties. Before implementing - it is necessary to check, study, test. You should not completely trust the certificates provided - sometimes it is simply necessary to retest the product "on the ground" (for example, if we are talking about testing the Research Institute of Reinforced Concrete), then it must be borne in mind that the tests carried out at the Institute are carried out on concrete, the quality of which is different from the concrete presented in our region). The conclusion is obvious: trust, but verify. True, and you need to check in compliance with the test conditions and technical regulations.
d) Lack of a coherent government policy in the implementation of new technologies.
Unfortunately, today there is, in our opinion, the most the main problem on the issue of introducing modern technologies and materials in the construction sector: this is the absence of a coherent state policy in this matter. Delay in changing GOSTs, SNiPs, indifference to the training of young specialists in educational institutions, etc. the problems have a detrimental effect on the development of the industry as a whole. We are lagging behind European countries, the USA, and even China in the field of construction for decades. I will give a simple example, however, from the fuel and energy sector: our heat and power engineers still use mineral wool when carrying out thermal insulation works (low-efficiency material) and are looking closely at foam glass with suspicion and interest (by the way, gas and oil workers have begun to actively use foam glass in the country for the last 10 years), and our foam glass is considered an innovation. In the United States, foam glass is already being displaced by airgels. And about the use of mineral wool on heating systems is out of the question. I sincerely hope that changes in these problems will not be long in coming.
An overview of some modern technologies and materials that contribute to solving the problem of optimizing construction.
a) The technology of penetrating waterproofing (by the example of the use of materials from the Penetron series).
And now I would like to move on to the consideration of specific materials and technologies, the implementation of which has already begun in our country and has yielded a positive result. And I will start with the technology of "penetrating waterproofing", as the most famous here. Let's consider the line of materials of the Penetron series, because this family of materials is the founder of all industries and is considered the “benchmark” for quality. I will not go deeply into the technical foundations of the Penetron material, I will only briefly describe the principle of operation of this waterproofing product. "Penetron" is dry building mixture, consists of special cement, quartz sand of a certain granulometry, patented active chemical additives. It is used for waterproofing surfaces of precast and monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Increases indicators of water resistance, strength, frost resistance of concrete. Protects the structure from the effects of aggressive media: acids, alkalis, waste and groundwater, sea water. It is used for waterproofing surfaces with pores and cracks with an opening width of no more than 0.4 mm. Chemically active substances contained in "Penetron", diluted with water, when applied to concrete surface provoke the growth of inorganic water-insoluble crystals that fill micropores and concrete cracks penetrate up to 80 cm into the "concrete body", and thereby make it waterproof, but at the same time - breathable, creating bulk waterproofing and protecting the reinforcement and concrete itself from corrosion. Application of the material "Penetron" is the ability to treat the surface of concrete both inside the building and outside. And the use of Penetron Admix material in the manufacture of concrete and reinforced concrete products allows you to create initially products with increased waterproofing properties. In the line of materials of the Penetron series there is a Penekrit material - it serves for waterproofing interblock joints, abutments, inputs, cracks. The material is characterized by high strength, no shrinkage, has good adhesion to concrete, metal, brick and natural stone... The action of the material "Penekrit" is based on the principles of non-shrinkage, plasticity, waterproofness and high adhesion to concrete, stone, brick and metal surfaces. The materials "Waterplag" and "Peneplag" are created to eliminate pressure leaks in concrete. Where the Penekrit material is washed out with water, it is necessary to use these materials, because they have a faster setting. Another important material in the Penetron range is Penebar. "Penebar" is a rectangular plait, which includes special composite materials. It is used for sealing horizontal and vertical working and structural joints of underground concrete structures during construction, as well as places of passage of engineering communications in concrete structures under construction and in operation. The cord has the ability to expand in the presence of water. Possesses low water permeability and high resistance to hydrostatic pressure, the properties of the hydrostatic layer do not change over time and its service life is not limited, "Penebar" is quickly and easily installed, without requiring special devices, works are performed in almost any weather, all-season. It has good adhesion to plastic products. It is not surprising that today thanks to such properties as: - manufacturability and ease of use; - reliability and durability; - cost-effectiveness; - the possibility of contact with drinking water; - high resistance to aggressive environments; - the ability to self-healing cracks, etc. Penetron penetrating waterproofing is gaining popularity in the widest circles of consumers, from private traders to serious objects such as: nuclear power plants, thermal power plants, underground parking lots, basements, etc. Penetron materials have been used for several decades in more than 60 countries around the world. They have been used in Russia since the early 90s of the last century and are fully certified.
b) The use of foamed synthetic rubber materials at construction sites as a way to increase energy efficiency (on the example of the use of Armaflex material).
Replacing outdated thermal insulation materials with modern ones is a necessity, not a whim. The state forces us to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and communications under construction. Within the framework of Federal Law No. 261 "On Energy Saving", and other by-laws, requirements for thermal insulation of buildings and communications are stipulated. With regard to the issue of heat insulation of communications, we will consider materials made of foamed synthetic rubber manufactured by Armacell. The Armacell company is the pioneer of flexible technical thermal insulation made of foamed synthetic rubber, Armacell has been producing thermal insulation materials from synthetic rubber of the Armaflex brand for over 50 years. In addition, the company produces protective metal and PVC shells and casings "Oka-materials" and protective coatings "Arma-Chek", a wide range of accessories for the installation of heat-insulating materials is also produced. Thermal insulation manufactured by Armacell is intended for all types of utilities in order to: prevent the formation of condensation or frostbite (air conditioning systems, refrigeration equipment, ventilation); effective energy saving (water supply and heating); noise absorption (air ducts, rooms requiring sound insulation); protection of communications from corrosion, etc. The faster construction is gaining, finally trying to catch up with the real needs of people, the more the need for good thermal insulation increases. In each case, the requirements for insulation are different. But professionals try to use only the best technical solutions, observing the immutable law: a properly installed thermal insulation system works longer. Today, thermal insulation for pipes made of foamed synthetic rubber is actively used both in industry and in construction, and even in everyday life. Reliable results can be achieved using flexible, high-quality thermal insulation materials with a closed pore structure and high resistance to water vapor diffusion. Armaflex thermal insulation has high thermal insulation properties and is designed in such a way that it effectively prevents condensation even at critical temperatures. Correct selection insulation and wall thickness of the heat-insulating layer, as well as compliance with the requirements for installation - all this will help to reliably protect the insulated object, reduce the risk of condensation and rust formation, minimize energy losses, and significantly extend the service life of the object. Thermal insulation "Armaflex" is made on the basis of foamed synthetic rubber with a closed cellular structure. Armaflex is an extremely flexible material, it is produced in the form of tubes of various diameters, sheets, plates and self-adhesive tape. Under the Armaflex brand, Armacell produces several types of foam rubber insulation materials (Armaflex ACe, AF / Armaflex, HT / Armaflex, NH / Armaflex, Armaflex Solar, Armaflex-Split). Insulation "Armaflex", which has no analogues in its reliability, is unique in a wide range and range of applications (from -200 to + 170oС). Many objects insulated with this heat-insulating material have been successfully operating for 25 years or more. But the main difference between this insulation is the technically justified wall thickness of the tubes, which makes it possible, regardless of the diameter of the system pipes, to achieve the same temperature on their surface, and, consequently, to optimize energy saving. Difference from other heat-insulating materials: It can be said that materials based on foamed synthetic rubber have: - increased vapor and water resistance; - elasticity over a wide temperature range; - low thermal conductivity; - the ability to self-extinguish in case of fire; - high resistance to microorganisms, mold, weather conditions. Depending on the target area of \u200b\u200bapplication, foamed rubbers improve certain properties.
Main average characteristics of foamed synthetic rubber:
- Density: kg / m3 40-65 sheets, 55-80 tubes
- Flammability: G1 (most common)
- Behavior on fire: Low flammability, self-extinguishing (most common)
- Smell: neutral
- Coefficient of thermal conductivity: W / m2 * K<0,033, при t=10˚С; <0,038, при t=0˚С
- Coefficient of resistance to moisture penetration: 7960
Armaflex thermal insulation materials have been leading the field of flexible technical insulation for half a century. That is why Armacell customers can rest assured that Armaflex will protect equipment for decades. After all, only Armacell can say with confidence that the service life of Armaflex thermal insulation is 25-30 years, and this is by no means a calculated indicator.
c) The use of composite materials based on carbon compounds (for example, materials of the HC "Composite" - tapes and fabrics, fiber, carbon reinforcement).
And now I want to move on, in my opinion, to the most interesting area of \u200b\u200bour company's activity: composite materials based on carbon compounds. LLC "Your city" is a representative of the Holding company "Composite". The products of the company "Composite" are used in the following industries: aircraft industry, wind power, sports goods production, construction, automotive, shipbuilding, nuclear industry, rocketry, railways, metallurgy.
The main materials used in construction:
- Carbon unidirectional tape FibARM Tape;
- Carbon tape FibARM Tape Twill;
- Fiber;
- Carbon reinforcement.
Unidirectional and bi-directional carbon fiber tapes. The unique properties of carbon fiber - high strength characteristics and absolute resistance to all corrosive environments - have made it possible to create an innovative system of external reinforcement based on carbon fiber. External reinforcement systems based on carbon fabric allow restoring and increasing the bearing capacity of a structure in a short time and with less labor costs compared to traditional methods, and also significantly increases the service life of the structure.
Application advantages:
- a wide range of applications, universal in application, including in corner joints, as well as rounded surfaces;
- lightness, the reinforcement system does not create additional load on the structure;
- exceptional resistance to corrosion; a thin layer, even if the fabric is applied in several layers;
- minimal labor and time costs for carrying out work, the ability to perform repair work without stopping the operation of the building or structure being reinforced, no additional costs during subsequent operation.
Unidirectional and bidirectional belts differ from each other by the ability to apply loads in different directions: unidirectional - the load acts on the structure in only one direction, bidirectional - the load acts on the structure in two directions.
Carbon fiber.
Fiber is a fiber added to concrete, aerated and aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete, mortar, dry building mixtures, etc. Fibers are made from the following materials: polyacrylonitrile (PAN), oxidized PAN or carbonized PAN (carbon fiber). Dispersed reinforcement increases the physical and mechanical properties of materials throughout the entire volume, has high adhesion to cement and is firmly embedded in the concrete matrix. Fiber is an effective reinforcing additive used in all types of concrete when it is necessary to prevent the formation of deformation cracks resulting from mechanical stress or shrinkage (for example, when pouring floors). The use of fiber-optic fibers avoids time-consuming reinforcement operations.
Scope of application:
- road and airfield slabs
- self-leveling floors
- hydraulic structures, including reservoirs and canals
- shotcrete - mortars - plasters - repair mortars
Fiber Benefits:
- High adhesion to the cement matrix.
- Polymer fibers do not corrode.
- Resistance to acids, alkalis, salts.
- The fibers have high thermal insulation characteristics.
- High strength and durability of concrete.
- High temperature resistance, non-flammability (for carbon fiber).
- Safe for people and the environment.
Carbon reinforcement.
Carbon rebar is a material that consists of a carbon fiber base and a binder: a thermosetting synthetic resin. Carbon reinforcement is manufactured by pultrusion - drawing reinforcing fibers impregnated with a binder through a heated forming die. It is possible to manufacture carbon reinforcement with a diameter of 2 to 32 mm. Carbon reinforcement is produced with a finishing coating (sand) and without (winding).
The maximum length is up to 12 m.
They are used in the following industries:
- Housing, civil and industrial construction
- Road construction
- Bridge construction
- Reinforced concrete tanks and storage facilities for treatment facilities and chemical plants
- Housing and communal services objects - Sewerage, reclamation and water disposal
- Strengthening the coastline
- Foundations below the ground level
Application advantages:
- The tensile strength is up to 5 times higher than the strength characteristics of steel reinforcement class AIII. The tensile strength index of metal reinforcement is 390 MPa, composite - at least 2000 MPa.
- Carbon reinforcement does not corrode
- Resistant to acids, sea water.
- Carbon armature conducts virtually no heat.
- Does not lose its strength properties when exposed to ultra-low temperatures.
- 10 times lighter than metal reinforcement
- Durability in concrete environment
- Forecast durability for a period\u003e 75 years.
From the point of view of economic efficiency, the use of carbon reinforcement is currently not able to bring significant savings; rather, on the contrary, it will lead to higher prices. And in this case, the use of fiberglass composite reinforcement is much more cost-effective. But when creating exclusive technical solutions that require maximum strength, lightness of structure, and high resistance to alkalis and acids from structures, the use of carbon reinforcement is effective.
Conclusion.
In my speech today, I briefly tried to voice the advantages of introducing modern technologies and materials into the construction industry, highlight the problems of their implementation, and also briefly highlighted some modern materials and technologies, the introduction of which we consider promising and economically profitable. Unfortunately, the presentation format does not allow to fully cover the entire volume of innovations that our company is implementing, as well as to voice the entire problematics of the issue. If you have any questions about the use of the materials I spoke about today, you can contact on an individual basis. We are always glad to cooperate and, for our part, are ready to carry out personalized work with each client.
