Home security starts with the foundation. In a rainy season, moisture will certainly penetrate into the basement of the house, and then - through the cement joints - into the room. The better the base is protected from moisture and weather factors, the longer the building will stand.
If measures were not taken in advance during the construction of the house, then penetrating waterproofing of concrete from the inside of the dwelling will help to eliminate the problem afterwards. Therefore, builders focus on high-quality waterproofing. Recently, penetrating waterproofing has become popular.
How it works
The main function of protecting walls from moisture is performed by special additives for mixtures of high-quality cement and quartz sand. The principle of operation is as follows: after application, the chemical components of the composition begin to spread through the capillaries. And then, colliding with water, they turn into insoluble crystals, filling the most vulnerable places - microcracks, pores, etc.
Compared to other methods of waterproofing, for example, polymer-roll mastics, it has significant advantages, in particular:
- increase;
- laying a layer of material directly in concrete;
- processing of external and internal surfaces is possible regardless of water pressure.
Application area
The formation of moisture-proof crystals can be accelerated by applying a waterproofing agent to a damp surface. Such protection is able to withstand liquids that penetrate from the outside. That is why it is often used for the reconstruction of premises in which it is no longer possible to perform waterproofing by another method. Penetrating waterproofers have proven their effectiveness in the construction of residential buildings and other objects exposed to high humidity (wells, bathrooms, cellars).
Many builders are still not aware of the existence of such a method, preferring bitumen-based mastics. They have a significant drawback - when applied from the inside, mastics are unable to resist water, losing their function. And any shrinkage of the soil leads to the uselessness of the entire layer.
Despite its positive characteristics, the action of the mixture in some cases does not have the desired effect. In particular, this applies to walls made of foam blocks and other large-porous materials and prefabricated foundations.
Work algorithm
Now let's consider in more detail the technique of applying penetrating. First you need to prepare the surface for waterproofing. It can be done by chemical, mechanical or water jet machines. The key goal of the employee is to eradicate efflorescence (plaque that prevents waterproofing from penetrating deep into the concrete).
Application methods
The chemical method involves the use of special solvents. Mechanical cleaning of efflorescence is carried out hand tool (drills or grinders). The use of machines that release a jet of water under pressure is a more advanced and quick way to eliminate efflorescence over a large area. The most economical, but more laborious is the mechanical method. Chemicals are expensive, and renting a water jet is not always justified either.
Nuances and effect
Next, you should especially carefully moisten the surface with a spray bottle. This must be done patiently, in several passes until every 1 m2 of surface absorbs at least 5 liters. water. The interval between repetitions of the procedure is identical to the drying time of the concrete. The final stage is to apply the mixture itself according to the instructions on the package.
If there is no instruction, the process is split into two steps. First, the mixture is applied with a stiff brush or sponge. After drying with perpendicular strokes, apply another layer with a spatula or brush. After about an hour, the surface is moistened.
Perfectly executed waterproofing on long years will save you from problems caused by moisture penetration. In addition, concrete becomes impervious to the action of water to a depth of 40 cm. And the number of cycles of resistance to temperature fluctuations increases several times.
Use for bricks
The penetrating waterproofing effect is designed for concrete, but sometimes it is necessary to apply it to insulate brick walls. Only in this case we will talk about special waterproofing plaster. It will not be difficult for the master to make it. The procedure is carried out in three stages:
- fix the plaster mesh (cells 50 × 50 cm) on the brickwork in such a way that the distance from the wall does not exceed 15 mm;
- plaster it only with a sand-cement mixture. The layer thickness must be at least 40 mm. Actually, it determines the depth of isolation;
- apply a penetrating waterproofing after a day.
Manufacturers
Domestic manufacturers - Penetron, Lakhta, Kalmatron and others - occupy the leading positions in the market. They are also the leaders in sales of construction supermarkets. Let's consider the features of each of them.
Primary insulation grades
The manufacturer "Penetron" classifies its mixture as a primary waterproofing of concrete. Its principle of operation is aimed at increasing the atmospheric stability of concrete. In addition, its corrosion resistance increases. The composition includes sand, cement and active additives. The dry mixture is diluted in a ratio of 2 parts of water to 1 part of Penetron. The service life is stated as unlimited.
Kalmatron brands
Concrete waterproofing "Kalmatron" modifies the surface at the molecular level. Thanks to this, moisture resistance is improved several times. Varieties of the mixture are successfully used at all stages of construction - from laying the foundation to finishing... It is formulated with Portland cement, special granular sand and proprietary reagents that take the brunt of contact with water.
The degree of their concentration is different, which formed three types of goods:
- basic version "Kalmatron" for insulation of structures, incl. having direct contact with water;
- Kolmatex is distinguished by the addition of white cement for aesthetics;
- "Kalmatron Economy" is a budget version of the composition with the same properties. It can be used both for its intended purpose and as a plaster on brick.
Complex products
Another manufacturer that deserves attention is Penetrat. He offers not just a waterproofing product, but a whole complex. Each element of the chain has its own purpose. Without one of them, the stability of the protection action can be violated. The complex product line includes the following types:
- the preparation "Penetrate" of deep penetration eliminates moisture seepage through pores and microcracks of the concrete surface;
- "Penetrat Seam" seals seams, slab joints, cracks in buildings through which moisture can penetrate;
- Penetrat Aqua Stop will stand in the way of gushing leaks arising from bursts of thermal and water supply lines;
- the addition to the mixture "Penetrat Mix" increases the frost resistance, water resistance and strength of concrete;
- "Penetrate Injection" is useful in case of shut-off waterproofing;
- Penetrate Hydro makes moisture protection more effective.
Active chemistry
The last manufacturer I would like to draw your attention to is KtTron. Its mixture includes chemically active particles. Combined with sand and cement, they create a solid foundation that protects the concrete. The mechanism of action is as follows:
- the solution is absorbed into the body of the wetted concrete due to the counter-diffusion of the molecules of the components and the solvent (water), pushed by osmotic pressure. The maximum penetration depth is about 600 mm;
- upon contact of a liquid with molecules of heavy metals, crystalline hydrates are formed. They serve as a shield for the respiratory organs and cracks in concrete;
- surface tension of liquids does not allow moisture to pass through and increases resistance to evaporation.
The presented brands and manufacturers of penetrating waterproofers are only a small part of a wide range of outlets.
At run time construction works special attention should be paid to waterproofing concrete structures. Strong and durable in appearance, concrete is actually a material that is liable to collapse. He is afraid of moisture and aggressive environment, temperature changes. During operation, minimal inconsistencies in the pouring technology turn into problem areas. To nullify the impact of destructive forces on concrete structures, it is necessary to waterproof them in time. The application of special compounds allows you to protect the monolith from harmful effects.
Liquid waterproofing is a special solution that creates a hardened coating on the surface. It is applied by spraying, is characterized by the absence of seams and a high level of adhesion.
Three types of such insulation are actively used in construction:
- liquid glass;
- liquid rubber;
- sand-cement compositions.
They differ chemical components, application methods, service life. For the production of waterproofing in liquid form, natural ingredients are used. It contains fire retardants, antiseptics, stabilizing additives. Manufacturers guarantee the safety of such materials for people and animals.
The mixtures are applied quite easily. Most formulations are ready-to-use as they are sold. The consumer only needs to cover the surface with a layer of substance using a roller (brush). And then the waterproofing of penetrating action will cope with the task of protecting concrete itself.
The protection of concrete structures with penetrating solutions is based on the use of osmosis (one-way diffusion). When moisture enters the surface treated with waterproofing, migration of active components into the concrete is observed. Molecules penetrate microcracks, react with mineral compounds, resulting in the formation of quartzite and silicate crystals that fill and close the pores.
Scope of application
Waterproofing of concrete is carried out when creating various monolithic structures:
- foundations;
- plinths;
- blind areas around the house;
- walls.
And also when conducting renovation works (after sealing joints, cracks). Depending on the construction process the most suitable isolation method is selected.
Despite the additional financial costs, concrete cannot be left unprocessed. Having saved on the cost of waterproofing, the owners risk soon seeing the destruction of the structure. The blind area, foundation or plinth will not last long and will begin to give small or large cracks.
Characteristics of various types
1. Liquid rubber.
Creates a thin membrane on the concrete surface with excellent water-repellent properties due to the presence of latex. The material contains a coagulant. It is dissolved calcium chloride. It significantly speeds up the polymerization process. Liquid rubber is a great way vertical waterproofing concrete. It easily penetrates through cracks and joints between slabs. Also well suited for waterproofing the basement.
Application liquid rubber carried out by spraying. High pressure is created using a special technique. Manually processing is carried out with a brush, but at the same time labor costs increase several times. The solution easily penetrates even small cracks, forming a reliable membrane film there. Polymerization occurs within 24 hours. Average consumption is 3 kg / m².
Rules for the use of liquid rubber:
- only the surface is covered with the material;
- priming is recommended;
- work is carried out only in dry warm weather, but at temperatures below + 50 ° C.
Positive properties:
- simple application;
- long-term action;
- seamlessness;
- good adhesion;
- resistance to aggressive environment;
- suitability for repair;
- short curing time (10-15 minutes);
- excellent protective performance.
The negative parameters of the material are high prices.
2. Liquid glass.
The name of this type of insulation is due to the fact that it contains the same components as in ordinary solid glass, namely sodium and potassium salts. Odorless and colorless, the layer of the substance gives the concrete water-repellent properties. Validity - about 5 years, applied with a brush or spray. The plus is that there is no need for preliminary priming of the surface. The insulation itself penetrates the concrete due to its consistency.
Waterproofing with liquid glass is recommended for the blind area and basement, concrete walls and ceilings. But it is not recommended to use it outside the foundation.
3. Sand-cement mortars.
It is an effective material for waterproofing concrete. It is based on high-quality cement, quartz sand and various additives. The compositions are divided into one- and two-component. The first ones are diluted with water, the second ones - with a special liquid that starts polymerization. The solution is ready for use 15 minutes after mixing.
The polymer-based insulation type is a good solution for the treatment of foundations. It penetrates 10-15 cm into the concrete and clogs up all existing cracks. Application is carried out with a brush in 2 layers. The price for deep-penetrating waterproofing is high, but the service life is about 15 years.
The positive properties of penetrating waterproofing are as follows:
- the ability to give elasticity to the material;
- stable action at any ambient temperatures;
- prevention of concrete cracking;
- protection against the development of fungi and mold.
The impregnation is suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Its particular value lies in the fact that it can be applied without first drying the damp surface. Choosing this type of primer is the only correct decision, for example, if you need to process a flooded concrete basement.
The difference between penetrating impregnation and liquid glass and rubber is that the material does not create a protective layer, it enhances the operational parameters of the surface.
Insulation prices
| Name | Weight, kg | Price, rubles |
Liquid rubber |
||
| SLAVYANKA (one-component) | RUB 160 / kg | |
| THIS Rubber | 4 l | 2 500 |
| SLAVYANKA (one-component) | 10 | 1 750 |
| Waterproofing Dels | RUB 240 / kg | |
| ELASTOPAZ (one-component) | 18 | 4 960 |
| Elastomix (quick-drying coating with activator) | 18 | 4 680 |
| Rapidflex. Bitumen-polymer emulsion Israel | 200 | 39 150 |
| CRETESAFE B-250 / DRYLAR ™ | 160-190 rubles / kg | |
| TROWELGRADE B-400 / VOXLAR | 250-280 rub / l | |
Liquid glass (ZhS) |
||
| ZhS sodium HERMES | 1,3 | 150 |
| ZhS sodium | 7 | 250 |
| ZhS Monomakh-Premium | 10 | 433 |
| ZhS sodium | 15 | 465 |
| ZhS in barrels | 300 | 22 rub / l |
Cement-based penetrating waterproofing |
||
| Isomat - Aquamat-Penetrate | 20 | 3 300 |
| 18 | 3 200 | |
| Isomat - Aquamat-Flex 2-component | 33 | 4 500 |
| Lakhta | 25 | 4 000 |
| Slav | 25 | 3 100 |
| Hydrotex Sh | 25 | 2 600 |
| Penetron | 25 | 7 450 |
| Wascon MP5 | 25 | 1 250 |
The construction of any house begins with a foundation that needs protection from moisture and groundwater... For this, a number of measures are taken to waterproof the foundations of houses, using all kinds of roll coatings, mastics, sealants, etc. Such materials must serve as a reliable barrier against water.
Recently, the so-called. What it is and what advantages it has will be discussed in this article.
Most often, roll coatings or bituminous mastics are used to protect the foundation from moisture, which require certain knowledge and experience during installation. A small defect in the construction of a protective foundation barrier based on these materials can lead to serious consequences. Moisture will penetrate through the walls of the foundation, which will lead to premature destruction of concrete, a decrease in thermal insulation properties, constant dampness in the basement or basement.
Traditionally, waterproofing is done outside the strip foundation, at the stage of laying the house. What to do when your house is already fully built, and in the basement through concrete walls water seeps out.
The first step is to determine the cause of the leak. The most common reasons are breakout water pipe or poor waterproofing protection. If it is quite simple to eliminate a leak in a pipe, then re-waterproofing the foundation is a very time-consuming and expensive task. To do this, you will have to dig up the entire house around the perimeter, dry out the concrete structure, clean it from dirt, find the place of leakage and then put a patch. True, after a few years a new leakage site may appear and the whole process will have to be repeated anew.
Therefore appeared penetrating waterproofing for concrete and foundationsthat can be applied from the inside, unlike traditional materials that are applied only from the outside. This does not require special skills, and all the work can be done independently, without the involvement of hired workers.
The principle of action of penetrating waterproofing
Untreated concrete walls of the foundation are not a serious obstacle to water, therefore, in the absence of good protection, it sooner or later begins to seep into the basement. Water can also seep through cement joints between foundation blocks or through the seams of brickwork. The problem of how to fix these leaks after building a house is described a little higher. In such cases optimal solution will be the application of penetrating waterproofing to concrete from the inside or from the living side of the room.
This material is a mixture of high-quality cement with the addition of ground quartz sand and special additives, which perform the main function of waterproofing concrete.
The principle of operation of penetrating waterproofing is as follows - when the mixture is applied to the walls of the foundation or to concrete surfaces, chemically active additives begin to penetrate through the capillaries, and upon contact with water, they form insoluble crystals that fill voids, pores, and microcracks. Thanks to this, concrete structures become waterproof, more dense, durable and frost-resistant.
If, when protecting concrete, and in particular the foundations of buildings from water, polymer-bitumen mastics, roll or polymer coatings a dry surface is necessary, then for penetrating waterproofing, on the contrary, it is necessary that the material be well moistened. due to contact with water, active growth of crystals occurs in the pores of concrete.
Penetrating compounds can be applied both inside and outside the structure. Thanks to chemical processes, the concrete itself acquires the property of water resistance. This is the fundamental difference between penetrating waterproofing and other types.
Scope of penetrating compositions
Due to its properties and ease of application, waterproofing penetrating action has become widespread not only in the construction of houses, but also in the construction of swimming pools, cellars, bathrooms, wells, i.e. for structures exposed to active water exposure.
It can be used both outside and inside, at the beginning of construction, and during subsequent repairs, therefore it is practically indispensable for protecting the walls and floors of basements in already built buildings, where it is problematic to carry out external waterproofing.
IN monolithic construction or when constructing a pool, you can add penetrating waterproofing to the concrete mix so that the cured concrete becomes waterproof. This method is used in the construction of dams, tanks for oil products, berths, bridges, sewers, pumping stations etc. The list goes on and on. As you can see, the use of such compositions is quite wide.
Unfortunately, many people still do not know about this type of waterproofing and use various bitumen-based coatings. The disadvantage of bitumen-containing materials is that when applied from the inside, they cannot withstand water pressure, therefore, they cease to perform their function. In addition, with displacement or shrinkage of the soil, the external traditional bitumen protection can receive mechanical damage, which will render the entire foundation waterproofing system unusable.
Application of penetrating waterproofing
1) The first thing to do is to prepare the surface for applying penetrating waterproofing. This can be done mechanically or chemically. Regardless of the preparation method, you need to get rid of efflorescence on the concrete surface, which strongly prevent the penetration of the composition deep into the structure.With the mechanical method, you can use a drill or grinder with a stiff metal brush.
A more advanced method is the use of high-pressure water-jet machines, which quickly and effectively eliminate large areas of efflorescence. A protective suit and respirator must be used for this treatment.
In the chemical method, special compounds are used that are applied to the surface and dissolve efflorescence on the concrete surface.
Of all the preparation methods, the simplest, most effective and economical is to clean the surface with a grinder or drill. As a rule, everyone has these tools, and it is expensive to buy or rent water jet machines, and sometimes there is nowhere. During chemical processing, you will have to spend money on reagents that are not cheap.
2) The second important step is saturation of the treated surface with water. This must be done especially carefully, because the quality of the impregnation determines how deeply the composition of the penetrating waterproofing penetrates into the concrete. It is necessary that one square meter the surface has absorbed at least 5 liters of water. This should be done in several passes, i.e. we spray the surface with a spray bottle, wait until everything is absorbed and repeat the process again.
3) The final step will be to apply the mixture to the surface to be treated. Typically, the application method is written on the waterproofing penetration packaging. If there is no such instruction, then the application of the composition takes place in two stages. The first layer is rubbed in with a hard sponge or brush, and the next layer is applied perpendicular to the previous one with a spatula or brush, depending on the consistency. There are also liquid mixtures that can be applied with a spray gun.
Approximately one hour after applying the topcoat, the concrete surface must be re-wetted.
If all work is done carefully and in compliance with all technologies, then the concrete becomes waterproof to a depth of 400 mm. The strength of concrete increases, the number of freezing and thawing cycles increases.
Penetrating waterproofing device for masonry
Situations arise when it is necessary to protect against moisture brick walls... But penetrating waterproofing is designed to protect materials based on cement-sand compositions, and it is not able to penetrate deep into the brick. What to do in this case?
To do this, make the so-called waterproofing plaster. It is arranged as follows:
- on brickwork a plaster mesh with a cell size of 50x50 mm is attached, at a distance of 15 mm from the wall;
- the surface is plastered with cement-sand mixture... In this case, plaster or lime-based plaster cannot be used. The thickness of the plaster layer must be more than 40 mm;
- in a day, you can apply the composition of the penetrating waterproofing.
As a result of these actions, a protection against water is formed, the thickness of which is the thickness of the plaster layer. The reliability of waterproofing in this case depends on how well the plaster adheres to the brickwork.
Benefits of penetrating waterproofing
Summing up, we will list the main advantages of penetrating waterproofing, which favorably distinguish it from traditional materials:
- the composition can be applied from the inside and outside;
- the vapor permeability of the structure is preserved;
- ease of application, no special knowledge required;
- the possibility of using in already constructed buildings;
- frost resistance, durability and strength of concrete structures increases;
- can be applied to damp surfaces;
- environmentally friendly, therefore it is used for the construction of swimming pools and drinking water tanks.
Now on the market there are materials from various manufacturers. The most common are Penetron, Lakhta, Xypex, Drizoro, Hydrochit, Antihydron, Crystallisol, etc. All penetrating compounds differ slightly in their technical characteristics, method of application and price. Therefore, before buying, it is better to consult with specialists from various manufacturers in order to obtain more reliable information.
For protection structural elements of structures against the destructive effects of liquids, many technologies have been developed. Samples of corresponding products differ in characteristics, application, and most of them have long been known to the mass consumer. But with regard to penetrating waterproofing for concrete, this cannot be said - "in the subject", as they say now, are few, with the exception of specialized specialists. What it is, is it really necessary to do without it in many situations, or is it another enticement - all such questions will be the subject of detailed consideration in this article.
An analysis of the reviews, different opinions and judgments of those who have at least heard something about such waterproofing or came across it, shows that they are very contradictory. Apparently, this is due to confusion, and even a banal substitution of concepts. It is difficult for an inexperienced person to understand the variety of insulation materials, so you should start with some clarifications.
1. Firstly, when finishing concrete with roll (mastic) products, high qualifications are not required. The use of waterproofing agents of penetrating action requires not only experience, but also knowledge of the specifics of their use. Can everyone boast of this? This is the main reason for a number of negative reviews.
2. Secondly, the range of insulation materials is huge. Many of them are very similar in their characteristics, method of application, and a number of other parameters. Hence the confusion.
3. Thirdly, the compositions of penetrating waterproofing on the market not so long ago, and the lack of statistics raises some doubts about their effectiveness and increased duration.
4. Fourth, the relative fragility of traditional materials is a guarantee that builders will not be left without work. This is one of the reasons why they focus on these types of waterproofing, modestly keeping silent about the products Ceresit, Lakhta, Penetron, Kalmatron, Hydrotex. By the way, these brands are not the only ones that are actively used in concreting. The choice is large, including the price.
Features of the compositions
The specificity of protecting an artificial stone is to increase its water resistance. This waterproofing does more than prevent direct contact between material and liquid. It penetrates into its structure (up to 35-40 mm), that is, it ensures the invariability of concrete characteristics when exposed to moisture throughout the entire depth.
1. Composition of waterproofing preparations of penetrating action.
It may vary depending on the modification and manufacturer, but the main components are conventionally divided into 3 groups.
- Portland cement.
- Filler (mostly fine sand).
- Chemicals / compounds - additives. As such, salts of metals (alkaline earth) and polymers are present.
2. The specificity of the action.
Whatever brand of solution is used for concreting, fake diamond to a certain extent characterized by porosity. Since any cement contains calcium, a reaction occurs as a result of capillary penetration of waterproofing between it and the additives. As a consequence, crystallization of the newly formed chemical / compounds. The smallest solid fractions completely clog all "microchannels" (cavities), thereby preventing the penetration of liquid into the structure of the concreted part over the entire area of \u200b\u200bapplication of insulation.
3. Varieties.
4. Benefits.
Briefly, since such isolation has quite a lot of them.
- Certain characteristics of traditional materials impose a number of restrictions on their use - in terms of temperature, pressure, humidity. They are not essential for penetrating waterproofing.
- Mechanical damage to concrete leads to a violation of the protective layer (mastic, roll). After using penetrating compounds, the quality does not decrease if any defect occurs. But only if the impregnation was introduced into the solution during mixing.
- The higher cost is repaid many times over in terms of insulation efficiency and durability.
- Ease of use. Hard-to-reach areas, spot repair, “all-weather” - this makes these mixtures sometimes the only way to solve the problem.
Now, having a general understanding of penetrating (capillary) waterproofing of concrete, you can also read the reviews about it. Opinions, as noted, are very different. What to take into account, and what to skip, the reader will decide for himself.
People's opinions
Vitaly, Murmansk.
Andrey, Ufa.
“Concerning such compositions, only one thing confuses - the lack of statistics on time. These products are relatively new, so any final conclusions are inappropriate. But the fact that it is one of the most convenient and effective ways protection of concrete structures - no doubt. It is a pity that such insulation has some restrictions on the porosity of materials, but otherwise I see no shortcomings. Even the price is not a disadvantage. "
Victor, Astrakhan.
“Personally, I have not worked with penetrating agents, but simple logic dictates that in most cases this method of waterproofing is better. As an engineer, I will say that everything must be taken into account: time for an operation, complexity, local specifics, shelf life of the material, and the like. Perhaps it is more profitable to use rolled products for finishing a septic tank from concrete goods, but if we are talking about a foundation, then it will not be enough alone. I believe that the cost of waterproofing should not prevail over quality, but one penetrating one may not provide it. But a combination of different types, comprehensive protection is an ideal option. "
Igor, Samara.
Marat Ishimov, Moscow.
1. Specificity of use. For different types of work (primary concrete treatment, prevention, insulation of joints), it is advisable to purchase a certain modification of products from 4 main groups - "suture", "repair" or W12 (2 options).
2. Method of application.
3. The degree of wear also affects the choice of waterproofing.
4. Features of the preparation of the concrete base. In fact, the amount of work to be done.
5. Surface material. It makes no sense to buy waterproofing of sufficiently deep penetration (its price is higher) if it is only intended to protect the plaster layer.
6. Restrictions. They are different for each composition, so we will give the most common ones:
- Water permeability of the base - not lower than what index?
- The impregnation of cellular concrete is ineffective when using any brand of waterproofing.
- Not all compounds are suitable for the protection of structures on which there is a risk of cracking during operation.
Brand name Packing, kg Insulation application specificity Retail price, rubles Crystallisol 25 suture 1 580 coating 2 380 3 "Hydro-seal" 369 Kalmatron 25 penetrating 1 890 10 725 Lakhta powder (can be added to the solution) 1 580 25 suture 2 890 penetrating 3 880 Penetron mastic 275 – 295 Ceresite 954 – 978
