The durability of the structure and the comfort of living in it depend on how well the waterproofing is performed, because violations of the technological process of waterproofing the foundation of a building can cause its destruction, and also affect the amount of moisture and the formation of mold, which badly affects human health.
The construction of any residential building begins with the construction of the foundation. But after its construction, it is necessary to provide it with protection from the influence of destructive factors. And first of all, it should be protected from moisture, that is, you need to make waterproofing for it.
The entire exterior of your home will need to be excavated before coating. Anything associated with these edges, including porches, patios, paths, gardens, foliage, and other landscapes, will need to be removed. The piles of dirt that are dug up will be returned after the wet coating has drained out. Since the soil was split during excavation, it will begin to sink down within a few months after digging. You will need to regenerate the soil after a year to prevent the fall water from collecting that forms in the soil.
Is wet top-up less costly than waterproofing?
The wet protection application to be applied will be identical to the one that was previously unable to retain moisture. Over time, this one will also fail. Wet protection is a labor intensive process that requires heavy equipment. Waterproofing a basement from the inside is much faster, with most jobs completed in one day.
Types of waterproofing
There are certain types of insulation, including glued waterproofing of the foundation, coated and welded. It is believed that concrete, which is used as a material in the base of the foundation, is waterproof. However, this is not quite true. With prolonged contact with water, this mixture of concrete with moisture forms microscopic cracks in it, which, as a result of the temperature drop, simply destroys the foundation from the inside. Therefore, almost everywhere it is necessary to waterproof the base of a residential building, and the choice of the type of insulation depends on many nuances.
Because of this, a wet check will usually cost twice as much as just waterproofing the inside. Turn your problem into an opportunity! Instead of digging outside walls, install a waterproof wall product inside. Each of these wall products will hold moisture and can be tied to our drainage systems to channel water flowing out of the walls into the sump pump.
Along with solving the moisture problems in your basement, our walls also contribute to improving the appearance and energy efficiency of your home. Our wall products are mechanically installed on your foundation walls, installed in one day or maybe two, by our team of our basement specialists.
The foundation of any building should be protected from two types of water: from precipitation and from groundwater. In order to prevent the foundation from suffering from precipitation, cut-off insulation, such as a blind area, is used. This is its main function. In the variant with surface moisture, the blind area must be done for absolutely all buildings. But waterproofing from groundwater is not always needed. This is not to say that there are no underground currents in some territory. But it all depends on how deep they flow and to what level they can rise.
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Waterproofing with liquid rubber
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Outer insulation
Outside waterproofing is usually best done when new construction is underway. Outer insulation is a kind of shut-off coating that is closed in a circle and does not allow water to penetrate inside. The coating is located outside the building and moisture cannot penetrate into the structure of the concrete, which prevents it from collapsing.
As seasoned waterproofing contractors in Montreal, we make sure you avoid any unfortunate water infiltration or high humidity levels, which are the main causes of mold in homes. Waterproofing is carried out in several stages.
Application of a waterproof coating on foundation walls as the first element. By protecting against water and moisture penetration and thus waterproofing foundation walls, this membrane helps prevent your foundation from collapsing.
- Excavate soil around your foundation.
- Inspection of the site so that it does not contain cracks or cracks in the foundation.
- Installation of a waterproof membrane on concrete walls.
Internal insulation
If you use this method, then it is worth knowing that it protects the foundation only from the inside of the building. This method lends itself better to simple and quick repair, especially if it is paint insulation, but concrete freezing and thawing can occur.
Video: the use of penetrating waterproofing system "Penetrat"
Basement waterproofing sealants are commonly used to seal the pore and capillary paths of concrete to prevent water ingress. A basement waterproofing sealant is needed any time a basement is being built at ground level or below ground level where groundwater can accumulate in the soil, raise the water table and thus pass through concrete. The higher the water table, the more dangerous the basement will be under hydrostatic pressure, acting on the basement floors and walls.
Underground insulation "house in a bag"
A special PVC membrane is used for this type of insulation. This pvc membrane should be up to two millimeters thick. This cut-off insulation is not reinforced and also has no UV protection.
A pit is being dug under the base. A thin cement screed is placed on the bottom. Then the bottom is covered with pvc membranes and welded. Around the perimeter, membranes are released about a meter. Now the base and walls are being made. It is also desirable to cover the walls cutoff material PVC and tightly join together. This PVC membrane is applied horizontally for about eighty millimeters overlapping, and vertically it is laid mechanically. Excess pVC material further soldered using hot air or a gas burner. The edges of the pvc membrane are fixed with special strips, fasteners or sealant. It should be noted that the movement and movement of the base does not affect the tightness of PVC insulation.
Roll material application
Hydrostatic pressure forces water to move through cracks, joint holes, and pores. Hydrostatic pressure can also cause problems with mold, mildew, and other moisture-related problems in basements. By using a primer waterproofing sealant that can withstand hydrostatic pressure, moisture and water cannot damage the concrete base.
The most popular basement waterproofing seals. Basements are known for problems with water, moisture, mildew and mildew. Since the foundation of the foundation is underground, they are usually found in the immediate vicinity of the water table. This poses a problem as the water tends to drain towards the basement walls; Especially during rainy seasons, and during the inevitable spring snowmelt. There are many companies that offer basement waterproofing solutions, but only a handful that really fit their needs.
When do you need to do waterproofing from groundwater?
The choice to do or not to do underground insulation depends on many factors. Waterproofing is necessary when the water table is less than one meter below the foundation. This value also takes into account the spring water rise. If underground currents lie at a depth of more than one meter from the foundation, then waterproofing is not necessary. However, it happens that the waters can rise not only during the seasons, but after several years. Therefore, it is advisable to make at least the cheapest insulation, especially if the foundation is cement. There are times when the level of water rise is above the foundation. Then you need to carry out not only insulation, but also drainage in order to drain water from the base of the house.
Over the years, we have found the best way to prevent basement damage and water damage - early prevention. Sealing the foundations of houses when it is first poured is best kept secret when it comes to waterproofing basements.
When looking for a sealant, look for an insightful, waterproofing sealant. Acrylics, epoxies and urethanes will be completely cleaned and won't stick to the first signs of water. Only silicates are marketed as waterproof, but do not effectively shut down. They are truly the only effective solutions for waterproofing concrete block foundation and cinder block walls.
Insulation is also necessary when the building is being built on soil such as clay or loam. It is also worth paying attention to the composition of the waters, because sometimes there are very aggressive currents, a mixture of elements of which has a negative effect on concrete, which leads to the formation of concrete corrosion.
Waterproofing classifications
The concrete sealant market is filled with products, all of which have the same level of protection, quality and benefits. For consumers who are well versed in concrete, as well as homeowners who simply want to protect their homes, the sheer amount of information is overwhelming. Even worse, there are actually no sites not affiliated with companies that sell concrete sealants that provide reliable information.
Comparison of water-based waterproofing and carbon-based bituminous asphalt waterproofing is a comparison of water to gasoline. But the question is which one works best? A by-product of the oil industry. Less product is required to spray the wall. It requires more product for waterproofing the foundation. It is dangerous and toxic to humans and the environment.
There are several classifications by which I distinguish between waterproofing and determine its main types. Depending on the purpose, waterproofing is divided into the following types:
- Anti-filtration. This is the most difficult type of foundation insulation, the choice of which is carried out on difficult and unique construction projects. It is not worth equipping such isolation with your own hands without special skills. It is used where houses are being erected on wet soils and place a heavy load on the base of the house.
- Anti-corrosion. This type of isolation, depending on the technology, is divided into:
- Vertical. They are applied in the lower underground part of the foundation to the very basement of the building.
- Horizontal. Due to horizontal insulation, capillary protection of the lower and upper surfaces of the foundation is performed.
All of the above means of protecting the base are divided into types of waterproofing, depending on the material of their arrangement:
In addition, asphalt pavements are a short term solution. Microbes associated with bacterial degradation of asphalt-based pavements are commonly found in soil. They metabolize and degrade a wide variety of organic substrates. Moist and warm soils are rich in these bacteria, resulting in more rapid degradation of any asphalt products that come into contact with them. They usually get worse in just a few years. General contractors rely on current codes and expose themselves to angry clients.
Using the excuse “I just followed the code” is not a compelling reason to continue using asphalt pavements for waterproofing. Why not avoid problems altogether? In conclusion, we are now living in a “green” age. Like it or not, homeowners are clamoring for more green products. On this day, everyone must take responsibility and do their best to provide a healthier environment for future generations. Being proud of you in your role is not only the right thing to do, but an opportunity to sell to all your home buyers.
- The glued method of waterproofing. Gluing waterproofing of the foundation involves the use of multi-layer membranes of a diverting nature, the thickness of which reaches five millimeters, or roll components (for example, a mixture of roofing material or bitumen-polymer). The membrane can be made of bitumen. Insulation rolls can be self-adhesive or applied to a plane using hair dryers or burners. After the membrane or roll is applied to the foundation, it must be processed with a roller. You can do everything yourself, it's not very difficult. These insulation methods have a serious disadvantage - the formation of joints and seams, which in the future may imply a breach of tightness.
- Coating methods. Such insulation is carried out using elastic mastic and membranes up to three millimeters. This waterproofing is applied with spatulas or brushes, and sometimes it is sprayed with a special spray gun for large volumes. Very often the insulation is reinforced with reinforcement mesh or special technical fabric. The price of such insulation is an order of magnitude higher than pasting.
- Deposited insulation. Fusion basement waterproofing is usually used for the reinforced concrete foundation insulation process and is not used for wooden foundations.
Finally, companies have to ask themselves: What is my company's claim? What is our carbon footprint? Moisture intrusion is one of the leading causes of failure in concrete foundations. Reinforcing steel used to reinforce side loading in basements can rust over time. This leads to a deterioration in the integrity and strength of the concrete. Moisture can also lead to cracking and flaking of concrete, creating a wet basement on the interior surface. When moisture enters the basement living space, it creates the perfect condition for mold and mildew.
To carry out such isolation with your own hands, you need to perform a number of actions:
- Prepare the base surface. Clean everything from dust, dirt and all elements that may interfere with the adhesion of the material to the foundation, all sharp elements are removed.
- Treat with a primer solution and wait until this mixture is dry (about twenty four hours)
- The application of the roll component (for example, linocrome) is carried out in the process of melting the lower part of the rolled roll with the flame of the burner with simultaneous heating of the foundation surface. The roll is slowly rolled out and pressed against the foundation.
When do you need to do waterproofing from groundwater?
Wet basements cause dangerous living conditions and musty odors that upset the homeowner. Adequate waterproofing of the base is a must to prevent these harmful conditions. This means that your foundation wall is protected from the footer to the top of the wall. Never worry about classes!
Residential developers and homeowners alike value the aesthetics of basement decomposition. There are many reasons for a home or basement to be waterproof, which can help you avoid paying costly damages in the event of a flood or other water-related problem. Natural disasters, heavy rainfall, floods and leaks can damage the water and, if left untreated, can cause even greater problems such as mold and mildew growth and structure and property damage to your home.
Base protection types
In addition to all the listed methods of isolating the foundation, there are also additional types of protection that you can do yourself:
- Installation of a warm blind area;
- Drainage and drainage masonry;
- Treatment with a special solution of the entire foundation;
- Construction of a castle of clay character on all sides of the foundation.
Insulation depending on the foundation
In addition to the fact that waterproofing is of different types, it can also have its own subtle nuances, depending on what material was laid in the foundation itself.
The good news is that there are many ways to help prevent these problems. Whether it's a simple do-it-yourself project or an extensive process that requires hiring a professional contractor, you should take steps to reinforce these areas of your home to make them water-resistant.
Classification of waterproofing protection by application method
Adding a layer of protection to your basement or foundation will not only help strengthen the base, but it can also result in less money wasted on potential damages if you're experiencing floods, leaks, or moisture problems. Waterproofing is a must if you live in an area prone to hurricanes or heavy rainfall, as flooding often occurs. Excess water can also enter your home through cracks in the wall or seep from the ground through the floor.
Waterproofing of cast-in-place concrete base
Usually, the protection of a monolithic base can be done by hand using a variety of methods. On this moment, the most popular method for waterproofing such a base is considered if you use specially designed hydro-additives with a funny solution. In this case, the price of the insulation is reasonable and the quality is good. Now there are many manufacturers and types of similar concrete additives. At first it may seem that they have the same properties and characteristics, but if you delve a little deeper into this issue, you can find many differences.
For example, if you purchase a high-quality additive, you can achieve an increase in concrete compaction by almost ten to twelve atmospheres. However, it should be noted that the price for higher quality products is higher. If we talk about additives that should increase the moisture resistance of the material, then those that form crystals are considered to be of the highest quality. However, in addition to the fact that such a foundation needs insulation with the use of hydraulic additives, it is also advisable to install drainage and a linear drainage system for additional protection.
Base insulation made of FBS blocks
It is best to insulate such a foundation using a mixture based on bitumen or roofing felt. Such materials are cheap and reliable. However, the service life of such protection is short, and at subzero temperatures such protection loses its elasticity. That is, it cannot be used where the weather is mostly cold.
Popular insulating products
There are several materials that are currently very popular and in demand in the construction market: penetron, linocrom, penoplex.
- Penetron. The most popular insulation is now considered to be the one performed using Penetron material. This component allows insulation by increasing the water resistance of the concrete. Penetron creates a network of crystals in the pores and cracks of the material, which consists of randomly placed crystals. Crystals are produced from the action of the chemical part of the Penetron material with water and concrete elements. That is, the penetron compacts concrete so much that all cracks are well overgrown, and water cannot penetrate. IN monolithic foundations especially popular is the use of a material such as penetron. It can be used both in prefabricated and folding structures.
As part of the Penetron insulator, there are two components that act in the same way, but are embedded in concrete in different ways. There is Penetron, which penetrates the material by simply applying it in two layers on a wet surface of the base. And then there is Penetron, which is taken precisely as an additive.
- Linocrom is already a roll material produced by Technonikol. Linocrom is a weldable material with a multilayer structure. Linocrom is made by applying a bitumen mixture on strong and rotting bases on both sides. And on top, the linocrome has a layer of protection. Linocrom has many advantages, among which we can distinguish: moisture resistance, biostability, and resistance to decay. A large layer of bitumen with specially designed polyolefin additives is also applied to the linocrom plane. Thus, linocrome does not lend itself to negative environmental influences.
- Penoplex is a Russian brand that specializes in the production of extruded polystyrene foam. Penoplex also produces foundation waterproofing. This material has a number of advantages: the base of the house is insulated with penoplex, because it has a low thermal conductivity; it is very durable; they insulate the foundation with foam, because it almost does not absorb moisture. It is also worth noting that with foam in isolation, you can forget about mold and mildew. Penoplex not only insulates and insulates the foundation, but also insulates pipes, walls, and so on.
- Bikrost is a bituminous roll component. Bikrost was created for insulation of foundations and vapor barrier of monolithic buildings. Bikrost is considered an economical and fairly high quality material. Bikrost is made on European standard equipment by applying bitumen and a special filler to glass fiber. As a protection, coarse-grained and fine-grained dressing is also applied to bikrost. Also bikrost contains a polymer film. Bikrost is of two types. But only Bikrost P is suitable for waterproofing the foundations of houses.
Waterproofing cost
As a rule, all construction companies and firms seek to save on materials. Base waterproofing is also an area that falls under "economy". However, if a building is built not for the public, but for themselves, then here the builders must adhere to all conditions for materials and quality. And if you do everything yourself, then the cost will be even lower. The price of waterproofing a house on average can range from sixty to three hundred rubles for one square meter... However, there are also more innovative technologies, the price of which is much higher. However, a guarantee for such waterproofing can be given for fifty years of service.
If you use reliable waterproofing, as well as additionally install certain types of protection for the foundation, then you can be sure of the reliability and protection of the bearing base from various environmental influences.
At the moment, there are many possibilities to waterproof the foundation with your own hands. However, if you do not have enough skills, then it is worth contacting qualified specialists.
The construction and arrangement of the foundation must be approached responsibly and very carefully, since the durability of the house will directly depend on these measures.
The foundation is influenced by ground, capillary and surface waters. As a result of their joint impact, the foundation is deformed and sagged.
As you know, concrete very well absorbs moisture, which subsequently rises through the capillaries in its structure. Also, this moisture subsequently penetrates into the floor and walls of the house. This creates ideal conditions for the growth of fungi and mold.
The alternate thawing and freezing of water has a huge negative impact on the foundation. It penetrates into the pores of the concrete and then freezes in them. Its subsequent thawing causes the destruction of the foundation.
To avoid all negative factors and keep the foundation intact, timely waterproofing should be done. Of course, you can save money and not perform waterproofing, but then repairing the foundation will cost more than building a new box at home.
But waterproofing is done according to certain rules, otherwise all the work will be done in vain. Laying technology requires an understanding of all processes occurring in concrete and soil. This article will cover all the details regarding the correct installation of waterproofing.
Foundation waterproofing technology
First, you need to outline the circle of all upcoming events. To do this, you need to take into account the starting conditions:
- depth of groundwater;
- operating conditions at home;
- the force of "swelling" of the soil after frost;
- heterogeneity of soils.
Depending on the water table, the approach to waterproofing will be different.
The water level is more than one meter below the base of the foundation.
In this case, a vertical waterproofing is done and horizontal waterproofing roofing material.
The water level is more than one meter above the base of the foundation.
If the water does not reach the basement, then horizontal waterproofing is done in two layers. These layers are coated with mastic together. Vertical waterproofing is done both by the coating method and by gluing using roll materials. You can also treat all elements of the foundation and basement with penetrating waterproofing, which will stop the movement of water through the capillaries.
The water level is above the base of the foundation as well as the floor in the basement.
If, in addition, the area is famous for heavy rainfall, then in addition to all previous measures, drainage will be additionally equipped around the entire perimeter of the house.
Foundation horizontal waterproofing
For solid (monolithic) or strip foundation horizontal waterproofing is carried out in two places:
- at the junction of the wall and foundation, and in the basement;
- below the basement floor level by 20 cm.
It must be remembered that horizontal waterproofing is performed only at the construction stage of the structure, therefore it is very important to think about its arrangement in advance.
Before starting work, fatty clay 30 cm thick is poured into the bottom of the pit, which is carefully compacted. A layer of concrete 7 cm thick is poured over it. Such a concrete layer will make it possible to equip waterproofing directly under the foundation.
Before installing the waterproofing, the concrete layer must dry and then stand for a week. After that, the entire area of \u200b\u200bconcrete is coated with bitumen mastic, and roofing material is laid on top in one layer.
The surface of the roofing material is coated again with mastic, and the next layer of roofing material is laid on top of it. Pour 7 cm from above concrete mortar, which is leveled and ironed.
Ironing - this is a necessary measure that will provide high-quality waterproofing. It is carried out as follows: cement in 2 cm is poured over the poured concrete solution, which was previously sifted through a fine sieve. Backfilling is carried out only after 3 hours after pouring the concrete.
Further cement mix leveled, and after a while it will have to get wet from the moisture that is contained in the concrete. Further, the resulting surface is periodically moistened with water until the concrete dries and reaches its strength.
Upon completion of the foundation arrangement, it is again waterproofed so that moisture does not penetrate into the walls by capillary method. That is why the entire surface is covered with mastic, and roofing material is placed on top of such a layer.
This procedure is carried out twice to obtain two layers. The edges waterproofing materialhanging from the edges of the foundation are not cut off, but brought down and pressed with vertical waterproofing.
Drainage system
If the depth of the foundation is below the groundwater level, and the soil itself has poor permeability, then drainage is additionally necessary. It will allow groundwater and excess atmospheric precipitation to be diverted into a separate well.
First, you need to dig a trench around the entire perimeter of the house, 70 cm behind it. The depth of the trench will depend on the depth of the water table. The width of the trench is no more than 40 cm.
All trenches should be located at a slight incline that points towards the pit or collection well. Geotextiles are laid at the bottom, wrapping its edges on the sides of the trench. The edges should not be more than 90 cm. On top of the geotextile we fill in rubble or gravel 5 cm thick.
Next, we put drainage perforated pipes with a slope of 5 mm for each running meter... The required slope is achieved by adding gravel. All pipes are backfilled with washed gravel 30 cm thick. Flushing is necessary in order not to clog the pipes.
By the way, drainage can be done after the completion of the entire construction, as well as some time after it, if the need is identified.
Foundation vertical waterproofing
Vertical waterproofing refers to the treatment of the foundation walls. It can be made in various ways and materials, combining them with each other.
Bituminous waterproofing
This type of waterproofing is the simplest and cheapest. Bituminous resin is used to coat the walls. It is made in the following way: bitumen and a large capacity (bucket, vat, saucepan) are bought. Bitumen (70%) and waste oil (30%) are poured into this container. The whole mixture is heated to a liquid state, and then applied to the foundation wall, which is pre-leveled.
Bituminous resin is applied with a roller or brush very carefully. It is better to start from the sole, moving to the surface of the soil, not reaching about 20 cm. You need to apply 3 layers of bitumen resin so that the total thickness is 5 cm. The container with bitumen is heated throughout the entire application time.
Thus, the bitumen will penetrate into the pores of the concrete and fill them, preventing further penetration of moisture into it. The service life of such waterproofing is 5 years. At the end of its service life, the bitumen resin cracks and collapses, allowing all the water to pass through.
That is why you should think about extending the service life of bituminous waterproofing using bitumen-polymer mastics. They are more durable and free from all the disadvantages of pure bitumen.
There are polymer mastics for hot or cold application, as well as solutions that have a liquid or hard consistency. It is recommended to apply such solutions with a spatula, roller, spray or trowel. It all depends on the consistency of the applied composition.
Advantages:
- ease of application, so you can easily cope with such work without assistance;
- cost;
- availability.
Disadvantages:
- mediocre water resistance, since even high-quality processing will not be able to provide complete isolation from moisture;
- fragility (after 5 or 10 years of service, you will have to do repeated processing);
- slow processing speed.
Wrapping (roll) waterproofing
Roll materials are used both individually and in addition to bituminous waterproofing. The most common material for roll waterproofing is roofing material. Before using it, it is necessary to process the entire roll with mastic or bituminous primeras with bituminous waterproofing.
The canvases themselves are heated with a gas burner and applied vertically, taking into account an overlap of 20 cm. This method is called fusion. Before fusing, the edges of the horizontal waterproofing are wrapped down and pressed, fusing roofing material on top of it.
You can also fix roofing material with adhesive mastics. From above, the roofing material is covered with the same mastic and the next layer of roofing material is glued onto it.
Advantages:
- low material cost;
- durability (up to 50 years);
- availability.
Disadvantages:
- inability to cope with work alone;
- one roofing material is not able to provide the proper water resistance, therefore there is a need to use other materials, which negates the cost advantage.
Instead of roofing material, other rolled materials can also be used: Stekloizol, Gidrostekloizol, Technonikol, Rubiteks, Technoelast and others. All these materials are based on polyester, which significantly increases wear resistance, elasticity and improves performance.
The only disadvantage of such materials is that they do not provide the strength of the coating if you do not use mastic, since they do not penetrate the pores of the concrete.
Waterproofing with liquid rubber
Liquid rubber has excellent adhesion to concrete and is completely fireproof. The treated surface is seamless, which provides high-quality protection against moisture.
Material consumption is about 3 or 3.5 kg per square meter of surface. Usually for waterproofing liquid rubber use two solutions: Elastomix or Elastopaz.
Elastomix
This solution is applied in one layer, after which it will take about two hours to dry at a temperature of about + 15 ° C. Elastomix is \u200b\u200bsold in 10 kg buckets. If, as a result of the work, you have an open bucket with Elastomix, then it is already useless to store it, since the adsorbent activator added to the mixture immediately before use turns the contents into rubber.
Elastomix is \u200b\u200bapplied only to a dust-free surface treated with a primer. Only after an hour is the liquid rubber applied with a roller, brush or spatula.
Liquid rubber treated surfaces may require additional protection against external influences if the backfill soil contains debris or stones. In this case, the pressure wall is equipped or the foundation itself is covered with geotextiles.
Elastopaz
This solution is applied in two layers, and it will take about a day to dry at a temperature of + 20 ° C. Elastopaz is sold in 18 kg buckets. Unlike Elastomix, an open bucket with Elastopaz can be reused by sealing the bucket.
Advantages:
- excellent waterproofing;
- additional skills are not required when laying;
- durability.
Disadvantages:
- high cost of material;
- the material is not sold everywhere;
- without a spray, the time spent on the waterproofing process will be noticeably increased.
Penetrating waterproofing
Such waterproofing is made of materials that contain substances that penetrate 20 cm into the concrete structure and crystallize in it. These hydrophobic crystals prevent capillary water from spreading into the concrete structure. With penetrating waterproofing, the frost resistance of the concrete itself increases, as well as its anti-corrosion properties.
From the materials used "Hydrotex", "Aquatron" and "Penetron". They differ among themselves in the method of application and the depth of penetration. But most often, these materials are used to treat the inner surfaces of the concrete foundation, basement and basement.
The best thing is to apply the waterproofing material to the wet concrete. But first you need to clean the surface of dust, and then thoroughly moisten. Waterproofing is applied in several layers. After complete absorption of the material, remove the outer film.
Advantages:
- ease of application;
- durability;
- effective waterproofing;
- processing capability indoor spaces building.
Disadvantages:
- cost;
- sale of material is not available for all regions.
Plaster waterproofing
Plaster mixes are indispensable for processing, as well as leveling the surface of the foundation. Their mixture contains moisture-resistant components: hydro-concrete, polymer concrete and asphalt mastics.
The plastering process is carried out in the same way as the plastering of the walls along the lighthouse. It is recommended to apply the mixture hot to prevent cracking. When the layer of plaster is dry, it is usually protected with a clay lock and backfill with clay.
Benefits:
- high speed of work;
- ease of work;
- low material cost.
Disadvantages:
- high probability of cracking;
- low water resistance;
- fragility (less than 15 years).
Screen waterproofing
Screen waterproofing is a substitute for a clay lock. It is used to protect the foundation from pressurized water, which is aggressive enough for concrete. From the materials used here bentonite mats, which are based on clay. Screen insulation is usually used in conjunction with other types of waterproofing.
Clay mats are attached to the foundation using a construction gun or dowels. The material is laid with an overlap of 15 cm. Nearby, a pressure wall of concrete is made, which is an obstacle and does not allow the mats to swell.
During operation, the paper component of bentonite mats decomposes, and the clay is pressed directly into the very surface of the foundation.
Advantages:
- good waterproofing;
- the possibility of using with other types of waterproofing;
- high degree of waterproofing;
- ease of installation.
Disadvantages:
- high material cost;
- the possibility of using only for non-residential buildings.
Clay castle
Such waterproofing prevents pressure water from reaching the foundation itself. For its arrangement, a trench 60 cm deep is being dug around it. The bottom is covered with a layer of rubble. The wall and bottom of the trench must be tamped with oily clay in several layers.
After laying each of the layers, a dry break is made. The remaining space of the trench is covered with clay or gravel, but a blind area is equipped on top.
During the flood period, clay will not allow water to reach the concrete foundation, since all the moisture will go into the rubble layer.
Advantages:
- a very reliable method of waterproofing;
- low cost of materials;
- availability of materials;
- such waterproofing can be used in addition to its other types;
- ease of arrangement.
Disadvantages:
- the clay castle is used only for wells or small outbuildings.
Choosing the type of foundation
For waterproofing monolithic slab foundation it is better to use both vertical and horizontal moisture protection. If, at some stage of construction, horizontal waterproofing was missed, then in this case it is necessary to perform roll-bitumen waterproofing or waterproofing using liquid rubber.
For a strip type of foundation, bituminous, plastering or penetrating waterproofing is preferable.
For a columnar and pile-screw foundation, in addition to the above methods of waterproofing, additional processing of the metal elements of the foundation with a special anti-corrosion solution is used.
- The most effective would be to use a combination of different ways waterproofing.
- Don't skimp on materials, as foundation repairs will be much more expensive.
- If you are not sure about the choice of foundation type, consult a specialist.
- It is worth thinking about the method of waterproofing already at the stage of pouring concrete under the foundation, which will significantly reduce future costs and significantly simplify the whole process.
- If you have chosen bituminous waterproofing, then you can bypass the process of covering up small gaps, since bitumen penetrates into them and seals well.
- When waterproofing rolls, roofing material can be applied in several layers in a row, if necessary. Also, do not forget to create a bituminous layer between all layers.
Finally, a video of the process of applying penetrating waterproofing:
