Pumping cesspools. Cesspool without pumping with your own hands: technology.

Today, there are a huge number of options and methods for installing a cesspool without pumping out. Of course, in a certain sense this is impossible, since sooner or later it will be necessary to remove solid particles, but there are ways of construction and means for delaying the date of calling the sewers to long years... In our article we will consider the question of how to make a sump without the need for regular cleaning.

Types of cesspools

Today there are many ways and methods for arranging a full-fledged sewer system. If we consider the classification of cesspools, then there are three such types:

• Sealed pits;
• No pumping required;
• Septic tank.

Practice shows that the most popular option today is a storage tank. What does this mean? This pit has no bottom, so there is no need to clean it with a sewage machine. Although, it should be said that a huge minus also arises, since the soil is polluted.

Advantages and disadvantages of cesspools without pumping

Cesspool without pumping - this is the easiest option for draining waste. In addition, this device has a number of such advantages:

• The simplicity of the design, which makes it possible to build pits with your own hands;
• Variety of materials for installation work;
• Rarer call of sewers;
• Low cost and production costs.

Having looked at all the advantages of this cesspool, you might think that this is an ideal system, but, like all others, it has flaws in its work. Namely such as:

• The difficulty of choosing a place for a pit in accordance with the rules and regulations;
• The absorption capacity decreases over time;
• Unpleasant odor;
• The pit is dangerous for the environment;
• If biological bacteria are used, it is unacceptable for chemicals to enter the sewer.

Choosing a place for a pit without pumping out

The cesspool should be located on the site of the house that it will serve. It is worth considering that in our case it is a sump without a bottom, which has even more requirements and prohibitions. Let's get acquainted with all the rules for the location of the pit:

• The distance from the pit to the water supply system of the house should exceed 10 meters, and to the well or well - 20 meters. This action will protect the water supply of your home from possible overflow of sewage system drains.
• The distance between the sump and the buildings of the neighbors must be more than 12 meters. If you do not comply with this regulation, then the foundation of the neighbor's house may collapse.
• The segment from the fence to the pit cannot be less than one meter;
• The depth of the sump is prohibited more than 3 meters.

Important! Only by observing all the rules can you save yourself from responsibility before the law.

DIY mounting materials

To create a hole with our own hands, we will need a lot of tools and materials. Which ones we will find out now. So:

• Ladder that is pit-sized;
• Bayonet and shovels;
• Bucket and other tanks;
• Trowel for construction purposes;
• Pegs for marking edges;
• Building level.

The cesspool has a different structure and design. This is primarily influenced by what material for the base you choose. Today, most often a sump without pumping is built from the following materials:

• From concrete parts;
• Resin-treated wood;
• Clay bricks;
• Reinforced concrete rings;
• Utilitarian material.

Construction of a cesspool with your own hands

One of the questions that torments many homeowners is how to make sure that the pit does not require pumping. It arises especially sharply when building a sump with your own hands. Before starting the installation of the structure, you need to find out the type of soil in your area and calculate the amount of waste.

Sewerage in its waste mostly always contains solid particles that are not absorbed by the ground. It is for this reason that your sump will need to pump out sludge. This technology the septic tank is designed to work with natural filtration. Therefore, the type of soil is very important.

Attention! If you see that the drainage of drains has slowed down, then we recommend making several holes in the walls of the system.

We have already said that the type of soil greatly affects the functioning of the sump. This is due to that. That they have different density and speed of passage of water. For example, if there is clay soil on your site, then the runoff will seep through its layers for a very long time and, as a result, the pit will be overfilled. In such situations, an additional bend must be installed. The principle of operation is that when the first pit overflows, then the drain overflows through the pipe into the second.

This type of sump can be equated with a filtration well, because the pit also accumulates and cleans liquid with the help of soil. Anything that cannot seep through the ground must be periodically pumped out with sewer trucks. It should be noted that the maximum depth for the sump should not exceed 3 meters. Otherwise, the hoses will not be able to reach the sludge.

The dimensions and design features of the cesspool depend only on the fluid consumption in a particular house. Based on this, the volume for the pit is calculated as follows: the average water consumption by one person per day - 200 liters is multiplied by the number of people living.

Concrete ring pit

The best option for a private house or summer cottage is a design made of concrete rings... Its huge plus is durability, and besides, you can build it yourself. It should be noted that the walls of the sump can be made of other material, but they are less reliable and durable. It is for this reason that the design of the rings is the most demanded.

Stages of erecting a pit from concrete rings

As with the construction of any other septic tank, it all starts with digging a foundation pit, that is earthworks... They can be done by hand or using specialized equipment. It is best to do this stage when building the foundation of a house in order to save on the services of heavy equipment. The construction of concrete rings is mounted by a crane using a mechanized method. In this case, it is very important to correlate the sizes of the elements.

But if you decide to build a device with your own hands, the installation technology is different. We will talk about this now. For self-installation, you need to perform the following procedure:

• In the chosen place, we place one ring and dig out the earth inside it;
• We align the bottom of the first ring with the ground line, after which we begin to install the subsequent concrete components;
• The number of circles is determined by the depth of the sewer pipes;
• The best materials for this process are devices made of concrete elements with perforated walls;
• If the perforations are not in the device, then you will have to do it yourself. To do this, you need to maintain the following parameters: diameter - 5 cm, distance - 20 cm from each other in the form of a checkerboard.
• We fill the bottom of the pit with a layer of sand and gravel 30 cm;
• We create holes at the inlet of the pipeline;
• We put the pipe so that from concrete walls the distance was 20 cm;
• After that, the check valve is installed;
• Fill the opening with mortar

Attention! Very often, a filtration well is installed near such a pit, which makes it possible to improve wastewater treatment.

Closing the cesspool

You can use either the factory slab or any other concrete slab to perform an action such as overlapping. You can buy it in the same place where the sale of rings takes place. But it is worth noting that the cover can be made independently. To do this, you need cement, sand, crushed stone and reinforcement rods. All actions are performed in the following sequence:

• We make markings with pegs and pull the cord;
• Checking the diagonals;
• We remove the soil around the entire perimeter to the upper ring;
• We overlap the ring with reinforcement in two or three places;
• We forgive a sheet of tin, which we cover with a film on top;
• Place the reinforcement rods at a step of 25 cm;
• For all work, there is a mandatory reinforcement strapping;
• We install a ventilation system;
• And we install the finished cover structure.

This method of building a cesspool without pumping out dates is a guarantee of a hundred-year life. However, remember that it will be necessary periodically to remove the solids that are trapped at the bottom.

The sewerage system of a private house in the overwhelming majority of cases cannot be connected to the central highway, therefore the owners are limited to arranging receiving (storage) tanks (septic tanks, cesspools, sewer wells) on their site. The peculiarity of their functioning lies in the fact that during operation it is necessary to monitor the filling level.

To ensure the smooth operation of the sewer system, professionals advise to clean wells, septic tanks and cesspools at a certain frequency, which is determined by the type of system. Note that even a septic tank without pumping (automatic cleaning station) also needs pumping out, just its frequency is much less (once every 5-7 years).

The simplest and most inexpensive way to equip a sewer wastewater receiver is to install a septic tank, but it is installed on sites that are being built up relatively recently, the owners of older country houses or summer cottages have a cesspool on their site.

Note. Currently, the construction of cesspools is prohibited at the legislative level, as an object that is unsafe for the environment.

Nevertheless, the principle of operation of a single-chamber septic tank and a cesspool is in many ways similar. Accordingly, the pumping of septic tanks and cesspools is performed according to the same scenario.

How to pump out a septic tank and a cesspool

All the ways and methods by which you can empty the storage tank for the sewerage (septic tank or cesspool) are divided into three types:

1. Automatic pumping of septic tanks and cesspools

To carry out the work, special equipment is involved - a sewer truck equipped with a spacious tank (allows you to take out all the waste at one time), a hose and a pump. Pumping methods will differ depending on the type of pump:

• sucker... A cheap and effective procedure that allows not only to eliminate the accumulated runoff, but also to remove bottom sludge along with part of the soil (depth up to 1 m.). This will restore the absorbency of the soil at the bottom of the sump. Note that it is possible to pump out the cesspool, which is simply dug in the ground, without strengthening the walls (summer cottage) only with a sludge pump;

• hydrodynamic cleaning... The technological feature is the ability to additionally clean the walls of the septic tank from formations and pump out its contents completely;

• vacuum pumping... Using a vacuum pump allows you to pump out a septic tank in a matter of minutes, without any dirty work. Among the presented methods, this is the most expensive, but the only one, after which there is no smell and dirt.

The cost of services of a sewer truck is determined by many factors, the key of which can be considered the remoteness of the facility and the volume of pumped out wastewater. The order of prices is shown in the table

Note. The undoubted advantage, which is noted by all users, is that the use of special equipment allows you not to worry about the disposal of the drained waste.

2. Chemical or biological pumping of septic tanks and cesspools

Chemical treatment consists in the fact that special chemical reagents are poured into the storage tank for the sewage system, which affect the wastewater with the course of oxidation and neutralization reactions. This method is used as a preliminary or final stage before bioremediation.

Biological purification of a septic tank is the use of biogranules (tablets, powder) that reduce the density of waste.

Note that if these methods are applied, a cesspool without pumping out will be quite functional. But, only under the following conditions:

• a cesspool was dug in the country, which is used periodically;
• it is intended only for faeces or the volume of waste water is small;
• the pit has a fairly large volume and, importantly, a large bottom area, which will increase the area for water to flow into the soil.

If these conditions are not met, you will still have to do pumping, and the use of chemical and biological agents will only delay this procedure.

3. Mechanical pumping of septic tanks and cesspools

The group of mechanized pumping methods combines two methods:

• manual "old-fashioned"... Involves cleaning a cesspool with a bucket with a rope. This method is used extremely rarely, because this procedure is not very pleasant, contamination of the site at the cleaning site is not excluded, and the raised drains need to be put somewhere;

• using a pump... The pump for pumping out a septic tank becomes the optimal compromise between the unwillingness to do the work manually and pay for calling the sewer truck.

Pumps for pumping out cesspools and septic tanks

There are three types of sewer pumping pumps:

1. Surface (horizontal) pump

It is installed near the septic tank, and only the sleeve is inserted into the septic tank. Allows to pump out waste water high temperature, however, without the presence of solid components (no more than 5 mm).

Surface pumps are distinguished by:

• mobility (dismantled after pumping out and can be used to perform work on pumping out the next tank);
• light weight;
• ease of installation;
• the presence of a grinder;
• the possibility of air cooling, which allows to extend the life of the motor;
• the lowest cost of the pump among other varieties.

Users note that the number of disadvantages outweighs the advantages, so the pump has not gained popularity. Among the cons:

• low power;
• immersion depth restrictions (up to 8.5 lm);
• the unit is not protected from moisture;
• it is advisable to install a protective cover during operation in the cold season.

Nevertheless, when choosing a pump for pumping out a cesspool, more often everyone gives preference to a surface one.

2. Semi-submersible (vertical) pump

For pumping out, the pump is placed in the thickness of the drains so that the engine remains on the surface, and only the working part is placed in the reservoir.

Advantages:

• the pump is equipped with a float switch;
• no restrictions on hose length (pumping depth).

Disadvantages:

• no chopper. Therefore, it can only accept wastewater with a solid fraction not larger than 15-50 mm (determined by the pipe diameter).

3. Submersible pump

The most popular type of pump, despite its higher price.

Benefits:

• resistance to aggressive environment. Housing submersible pumps made of durable material that does not corrode: cast iron or steel;
• significant operating power - 40 kW (maximum);
• the volume of wastewater pumped per hour - 400 cubic meters;
• height of rise of drains - 40 m.p .;
• equipped with a grinder;
• the presence of an automatic float starter, which allows you to automate the operation of the equipment.

One of the important conditions for the functioning of fecal pumps is periodic cleaning, which is performed every 3 months. subject to non-stop pumping (for example, part of the pressure line) and adding oil (every 2 thousand hours of operation).

Which pump to choose for pumping septic tanks and cesspools

The correct choice of a pump for pumping out sewage is based on the following factors:

• type of pump. Makes installation requirements;
• the size of the equipment (important if the neck is narrow);
• maximum immersion depth;
• performance and other technical parameters;
• restrictions on temperature, working environment;
• restrictions on the size of the accepted solid fractions;
• degree of automation: the presence of a remote control, a float sensor, etc .;
• availability of guarantees for equipment and the possibility of service.

Among the well-known domestic brands are: Topas, Tver Dzhileks, Astra.

To understand the variety of brands of pumps, marking will help:

• numeric marking - pumps out only relatively clean waste water (up to 5 mm.);
• letter F - drains with a fraction of up to 30 mm;
• letter H - grinds waste of any fraction (within reasonable limits).

The cost of pumping equipment varies in a wide range (from 2 to 20 thousand rubles), depending on the type, manufacturer, country of origin and pump characteristics. The cost of foreign analogues is presented in the table

Installation of a pump for pumping out septic tanks and cesspools

Procedure:

• installation of guides on the walls of a septic tank (cesspool). Eliminates the possibility of a change in the angle of inclination of the pump;
• installation of a branch pipe at the bottom of the pump (responsible for pumping out sewage) and a coupling, the task of which is to fix the pump on a gravel pad or the bottom of a septic tank;
• connecting the chain (cable) to the pump housing. With its help, the pump is submerged to the lowest possible point;
• connecting the pump to the power supply network.

During operation, the pump needs preventive check and maintenance, which consists in flushing with clean water, checking the oil level, replacing the grinder.

Usually in a private house there is no possibility of connecting to the central sewerage system, so the problem of removing accumulated drains from the cesspool becomes very acute. Even in private houses built on the outskirts of the city, it is not always possible to connect to the central sewerage system due to their great remoteness, and outside the city in cottage, dacha villages it is generally not realistic. Therefore, to deal with the arrangement autonomous sewerage it is up to the owners to control the degree of filling the cesspool and to clean it up in a timely manner.

Before you start cleaning the pit, you need to figure out how this can be done. Most the simplest option, but more costly because this service will cost a certain amount, this is a call to a specialized company to order a sewer truck. When placing an order, do not hesitate to check the availability of a certificate, which will avoid trouble if the drains from your cesspool are discharged in the wrong place.

If the cesspool is small, since the volumes of the drains themselves are small and at the same time irregular, for example, a family of 3 people comes to the dacha exclusively on weekends, then you can pump out the cesspool yourself, by your own means. Advice! For pumping, it is better to separately purchase a specialized pump. If the volumes of the pit or septic tank are significant, then the decision to independently clean them of drains will not be correct, it is better to immediately call a sewage treatment equipment.

Self-cleaning of the cesspool

In the case of self-cleaning the pit, you need to prepare, because you will need:

Usually, this problem is typical for plastic cesspools with a limited internal volume. Modern design of pumps due to the presence float sensors level allows them to operate in automatic on / off mode. Having reached the upper float, the drains raise it, and the pump turns on, after pumping out the drains, when their level reaches the lower float, the pump turns off.

Pit cleaning without a pump

If the pit has a small volume, then you can try to clean it in the old-fashioned way - to scoop out the drains with a bucket. To do this, you need to prepare:

• special clothing, preferably tightly buttoned;
• good respirator;
• container for removal of sewage;
• transport.

But this method is associated with certain difficulties, for example, it is dangerous for the respiratory system, after going through which many people prefer to spend money and call a flusher.

Modern ways of pumping out cesspools

To ensure the unhindered pumping of wastewater by a sewage truck, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of an unobstructed entrance for it, and it is better to entrust all the work to specialists. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a water source, power supply nearby. A more modern method of cleaning is the use of biological products, which contain microorganisms (bacteria). They are able to practically completely process all waste, especially of biological origin, in the effluent.

As a result of processing, the splitting of bio-contaminants by microorganisms into soluble fractions, biogas is released. Across ventilation pipe it is discharged into the atmosphere, and the soluble fractions facilitate the process of pumping out effluents, while there is practically no smell. The complexity of the use of bio-purification preparations lies in their correct selection, depending on the composition of the effluent. Therefore, the question - what to fall asleep in the cesspool is very relevant. First of all, these can be universal preparations intended for use in all types of effluents. In addition, there are preparations for greasy drains or the winter period of operation, and others. Having filled up the drug in the pit, you can be sure that the self-cleaning process will continue even after the drains are pumped out, since some of the microorganisms will certainly remain in the pit.

Elimination of breakage defects of the cesspool

During the pumping process, it may be found that the pit walls need repair.

• Repairs brick wall consists in eliminating the problem by concreting, for which outside, opposite the defective place, you will have to dig out the soil, or install a new concrete block.
• A lift is required to repair a plastic container.
• Cesspool from reinforced concrete rings it cannot be easily repaired, since the setting of concrete with concrete base rings are prevented by a layer of fatty deposits. You have to clean everything up well.

Council. If the bottom of an old pit without a bottom is so sealed, silted up that it cannot be cleaned and the water has ceased to be absorbed into the soil, then another hole can be dug nearby. By connecting them with an overflow, you get a two-chamber septic tank, which, if properly used, can serve for over 20 years.

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