Administrative impact for the construction of a cesspool. Do-it-yourself cesspool and drain in the house

• Options for arranging a cesspool
• Requirements for the arrangement of cesspools
• Development of a project for the construction of sanitary facilities

Any suburban construction must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the governing documents. The distance from the house to the cesspool is determined by sanitary norms and rules. Awareness of the basics of design and construction will help owners of land plots avoid many of the troubles that may arise from elementary ignorance. Cesspool - this is a structure, without which the normal existence of people in the country is impossible. A summer toilet is usually the first building that appears on the plot at the beginning of construction. Only after the construction of this facility can further activities be continued.

The distance from the house to the cesspool is determined by sanitary norms and rules.

Options for arranging a cesspool

A cesspool is a depression in the ground designed to collect sewage ( outdoor toilet) and wastewater collection.

There are such options for the equipment of this structure:

1. A pit without a bottom. it simplest method arrangement of a container for collecting waste. The advantage of this solution is the speed of construction of such facilities. The pit can be dug by hand in 2-3 days, thus avoiding significant financial costs associated with the rental of special equipment. The depth of the pit should not be more than 3 meters. The volume of effluent cannot exceed 1 cubic meter per day. Depending on the type of soil, the distance from the pit to the drinking water well is 20 to 50 meters. This type of sewage collector should be located below the level of the drinking water intake. The bottom of the pit is equipped with a slope to drain sewage during their pumping out by a sewage machine.
2. Sinkhole with rigid walls. Objects of this type pollute the environment much less. Their service life is quite long. It is determined by the durability of the walls. The most common options are to lay out brickwork or installing iron concrete rings... Such sedimentation tanks can be built at a distance of 15 meters or more from wells and residential buildings.
3. Sealed containers. Thanks to modern technologies it became possible to install plastic containers for collecting sewage. They have a fairly large volume and almost completely isolate the received wastewater from the environment thanks to sealed hatches. The distance to residential buildings and wells can be 10 m.
4. Septic tanks with several chambers, in which sewage is purified into safe components. The last chamber is manufactured without a bottom. It is used for final filtration of wastewater through a sand and gravel filter. There are practically no sanitary restrictions on the place of installation of autonomous septic tanks. They can be installed at a distance of at least 5 m from residential buildings so as not to weaken the foundations of buildings.

When planning the arrangement of a sewer tank, there is a reason to consult with a specialist. This will serve as a guarantee that the sanitary facility will comply with all applicable suburban construction standards.

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Requirements for the arrangement of cesspools

Construction and sanitary rules clearly prescribe the procedure for arranging cesspools.

If everything is done according to the law, then in the future there will be no problems with the operation of the facility and with the supervisory authorities.

The basic rules for equipping cesspools are as follows:

To clean the cesspool, they call a cesspool truck without waiting for it to be completely filled.

1. The sewage collector must be located in an area that is the property of the owner of a residential building.
2. A cesspool can be located no closer than 20 meters from a drinking water well and 10 meters from a water supply line. This will prevent them from becoming contaminated if the sump collapses.
3. The cesspool should be located at least 10-12 m from the houses located on neighboring sites. This will protect the flooding of these buildings with sewage in case of unforeseen situations.
4. There must be a distance of at least 1 meter from the external intake to the drain tank. It can be increased if there are residential buildings, greenhouses, cowsheds or chicken coops in an adjacent area close to the fence.
5. The drainage pit should not be dug deeper than 3 meters. Otherwise, the sewer truck will not be able to pump them out. The tank hatch must open freely and completely so that the intake hose can enter it.
6. Since faecal effluents emit harmful and explosive gas, underground containers for their collection are equipped with ventilation. For this, a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is used, which should rise 60-70 cm above the ground.
7. In order for a sewer truck to drive up to the facility to pump out its contents, it is necessary to have a free entrance that can be used all year round, in any weather.
8. When 30 cm remains to the top of the pit, the operation of the cesspool must be stopped and a special vehicle must be called.

Sanitary standards for private houses - a guarantor of safe comfortable living

In the vast majority of cases, a private developer independently arranges water supply, drainage and sewerage systems. The receiver of dirty waste water is a septic tank, which is made of concrete rings. It can also be made in the form of a pit, lined with brick, coated with clay. More practical owners arrange a septic tank with the help of special sealed containers that ensure the preservation of a clean environment. But even in this case, they are required to comply with the norms for the location of such devices. All these rules are governed by Federal Law from 30.03.1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" and the Code of Rules SP 30-102 - 99 "Planning and development of low-rise housing areas". All these sanitary standards for private houses are subject to mandatory compliance.

Standards for the location of the boundaries of buildings in the conditions of private home ownership
A residential building must be at least 5 m from the red line of the road, and at least 3 m from residential streets.
The distance between residential buildings must be at least 6 m.
The distance from the fence to the wall of a residential building must be at least 1.5 m.
The distance from the economic block in which the livestock is kept to the borders of the neighboring land plot must be at least 4 meters.
The distance of the household block in which livestock is kept to other buildings (garage, bathhouse, shower room, warehouse, vegetable store and others) must be at least 1 meter.
The distance from a residential building to buildings for keeping livestock and poultry should not be less than 12 m.
The distance from the source of drinking water to the septic tank should be at least 12 m.
From the cellar and vegetable storehouse to the compost pit and buildings for keeping livestock and poultry, there must be at least 7 m.
It should be noted that it is strictly forbidden to use sewage tanks or septic tanks without sealing the bottom surface, provided that the daily discharge of gray water is more than 1 m3. Thus, if more than 2 people live in the house all year round, then the septic tank should be equipped with a waterproof bottom.

There is also an obligation to comply with certain standards in the arrangement of the garden: planting fruit trees and berry bushes. Large trees should be planted at least 5 meters from the walls of a private house. They should be 3 meters away from the border or fence dividing your site with the neighboring one, from masts and poles of power grids by 1 - 1.5 m. Berry and other shrubs can be planted at a distance of 1.5 m from residential buildings and 1 m. from the fence or border.
Responsibility for violation of sanitary standards
If sanitary standards for private houses are violated, administrative liability is provided for this. If there are disagreements with neighbors about the wrong location of sanitation and hygiene facilities or household and other buildings from your point of view, then first you can apply to the District Administration with a request to resolve this issue. If such interference did not help, then you can safely go to court with a statement of claim, in which you should indicate which parameters of the location of the objects have been violated. As an evidence base, you can use the plan of the site and the buildings on it, with the obligatory indication of the boundaries and distances. You can also order a copy of the technical passport of the neighboring area from the BTI.

Since the trial is a very lengthy process, in order to take faster measures, you can contact the prosecutor's office with a request to check the location of buildings and sewer systems on the neighbors' site for compliance with federal legislation. Such a measure is most effective if you have evidence of harm caused by a violation of sanitary standards by unscrupulous neighbors. This can be an analysis of drinking water, photos of obvious effluents from a neighboring site, and other facts according to the circumstances of the case.

Unfortunately, not all private houses located in rural and urban settlements are covered by the network of urban communications. In many areas, there is still no central communications network. Many owners are forced to resolve this issue on their own. Therefore, this article is aimed at those readers who are interested in the topic "cesspool + construction standards and rules of arrangement".

Drive placement standards

The same distance is observed when planting fruit plantations. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to the appearance of pathogens in the water and fruits and in the future to the development of ep. "Width \u003d" 640 "allowfullscreen \u003d" "frameborder \u003d" 0 "\u003e

Therefore, for such a number of people living in the house, it is necessary to construct a storage device measuring 3x2 meters.

No less important than the choice of the location and size of the cesspool is the calculation of the need for the amount of building materials.

Proceed from the fact that it is necessary to concrete the bottom, cast or build walls, concrete the ceiling and build a hatch.

As with any construction, you should prepare the construction site, clear the area of \u200b\u200bplantings, make markings, and dig a hole.

The bottom is carefully compacted and filled with concrete. After it acquires 80% strength, you can start laying out the walls.

Joint seams concrete wells or brickwork during the construction of the pit walls must be properly sealed in order to avoid the ingress of waste water into the groundwater.

Only a sealed cesspool can become a guarantee of the reliability of this sewer structure in operational and environmental terms.

Always the stage of construction should be preceded by the stage of carrying out geodetic works, which helps to determine the proximity of the occurrence of groundwater and, directly, the possibility of placing a cesspool on a specific site.

Designing a cesspool on a personal plot makes it possible to equip a local toilet without a central sewage system.

To do this, you need to install a toilet for the cesspool. It is preferable to choose the type of toilet with an inclined visor.

Before installing it, a drain is arranged in the ceiling: the discharge pipe is lowered into the storage tank by 40 cm at an angle of more than 40 degrees.

For this, ceramic, steel and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 15 cm are used. All seams are insulated.

Combining a toilet and a cesspool is a more rational solution in arranging a toilet near a private house.

The connection of pipes from the internal sewage system of the house is carried out according to the rules:

• it is necessary to observe the depth and inclination of the outlet pipes;
• take into account the presence of an inspection well.

At the time of excavation of a trench for laying outlet pipes, you can find pipes for other purposes. In this case, your actions for the further arrangement of the cesspool should be coordinated with the relevant authorities.

Optimal drive cleaning

The cesspool is easily and quickly set up, without the use of costly methods. Its disadvantages include the impossibility of self-cleaning.

Optimal wastewater treatment is carried out using a sewage machine by immersion in a pit through a special intake hose hatch. Therefore, it is important to design the bottom of the storage tank with a slope relative to the pit.

It should be noted that according to SNIP, the cesspool should be located below the water intake wells at a distance of 30 meters from them.

The same distance is observed when planting fruit plantations. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to the appearance of pathogens in the water and fruits and in the future to the development of an epidemic.

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Usually, in private households, the problem of draining sewage and sewage is solved by building cesspools on personal plots. There are certain standards that clearly prescribe how the process of arranging septic tanks and other treatment structures serving individual residential buildings should be carried out. It is not recommended to break them.

When a cesspool is created, sanitary norms are regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation N52-FZ of 1999 "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population." The requirements specified in it are mandatory for citizens of the country.

Sanitary standards for cesspools

According to the text of the regulatory document, cesspools (see photo) must be built with a mandatory device for special filtration, and they should not have a normal bottom under any circumstances, especially if the amount of wastewater exceeds one cubic meter during the day.

At the same time, it should be noted that during the construction of a cesspool for servicing a heated house, in which at least 4 people will live, the sump should be made with a special bottom.

There is no definite answer as to what should be the distance from the house to the cesspool. The requirements for this parameter are ambiguous. The minimum distance between these two objects is 15 meters (read also: "").

Such a distance from the house to the drain pit is required so that the poisonous gases emitted by waste do not harm the environment in the area and the people living in this area.

If it becomes necessary to make the distance from the pit to the water supply system closer, then you should contact the appropriate authorities (Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision) and utilities (for example, the water utility department, etc.).

Rules for the arrangement of cesspools

If a cesspool is being built, sanitary standards must be observed. Sediments with a working volume of no more than one cubic meter of wastewater and sewage per day belong to the classic version of the arrangement of cesspools for servicing summer cottages and country housesin which the residence of people is not permanent and water heating equipment and household appliances are not used.

According to sanitary requirements, the distance from the septic tank to the summer kitchen cannot be less than 5 meters. In the event that the daily volume of wastewater reaches 8 cubic meters, the distance should be increased to 8 meters.

The rules for arranging cesspools provide for compliance with a number of requirements:

• when the drain per day is 3 cubes, the pipes must be placed as close as possible to the groundwater (distance 40-50 meters);
• pipes should be mounted upward relative to the flow of groundwater;
• if there is an artesian spring in the immediate vicinity of the house, the distance from the well to the cesspool should be at least 20 meters.

In the event that homeowners do not have the opportunity to observe the distance of the drainage pit from the house and sources of drinking water, experts recommend making wells or capturing for several houses at the same time. In this case, it is necessary to observe 2.5-5 meters of indentation from the "red line".

SanPiN 42-128-4690-88: requirements and standards, installation distance

On the territory of the Russian Federation, regardless of the region of residence, the SanPiN requirements for cesspools apply.

When in a private house there is no centralized sewer system, its owners are allowed to locate a cesspool on the site. The main requirement for it is mandatory water resistance. Above the sump there should be a cover for its closure and a special grate. You can equip a common drain pit with neighbors.

When private house is located near a school or a kindergarten, then the distance should be at least 20 meters. If you have any questions regarding the arrangement of a cesspool, the owner of suburban real estate should contact the local administrative authorities.

But there is general rule for all private households - the sump should be located so that the distance from the well to the cesspool is 50 meters.

Sewage treatment buildings must be cleaned at least once every six months.

When disinfecting drain pits, a tool is used, the components of which are:

• 5% sodium hypochlorite;
• 5% creolin;
• 10% chlorine lime;
• 10% - naphthazole;
• 10% sodium metasilicate.

In no case should dry bleach be used for disinfection.

Additional requirements for the arrangement

1. In addition to the requirement, what should be the distance between the well and cesspool, there is another important point - it is tightness sewage treatment plantso that sewage does not poison the soil and aquifers, as in this case the environment will be harmed.
2. Building materials (bricks, boards, blocks) used in the arrangement of sedimentation tanks must differ in density
3. The drains should not be allowed to be higher than 35 centimeters from the surface of the soil, because then the owner of the property himself will hardly be able to cope with the negative consequences.

There are also requirements for the distance from cesspools to utilities:

• from a water supply system made of asbestos-cement pipes to septic tanks and drain pits, the distance should not be less than 5 meters;
• using cast iron pipes with a diameter of no more than 200 millimeters - 1.5 meters;
• in the presence of cast iron pipes with a diameter of more than 200 millimeters - 3 meters;
• to gas pipes - more than 5 meters.

A tie-in into a city highway is the best way to solve the issue of water disposal. If it is not possible to connect to the public network, the owner country house have to deal with the arrangement autonomous sewerage... In addition to the costs of preparation and installation, there is a problem of choice: what type of structure is better to install, how to choose the right site for installation - after all, you need to strictly follow the norms for placing cesspools in private plots. The rules clearly define the types of sewer receivers allowed for the device in different areas, the depth, volume and place where such structures can be installed.

Autonomous cleaning structure for a country house

There are 3 ways to organize the drainage of liquid waste, without connecting to the central sewerage system:

1. Sanitary standards allow the construction of a filter cesspool in summer cottages with seasonal living.
2. Sealed, watertight waste tanks are installed to service residential buildings.
3. Septic tanks are environmentally friendly and practically waste-free autonomous systems.

Shared sewerage for several sites

Containers without a bottom

Pits with a volume of up to 2 - 3 cubic meters are equipped without an impenetrable bottom. Drainage mechanism: through the drain installed in the upper quarter of the container, waste enters the well. Solid particles and dense masses settle, and liquid wastewater is discharged into the ground through holes in the side walls and bottom filter bed.

Pit construction with bottom filter

To clean the waste at the bottom of the cesspool, according to the standards, a filtering bulk cushion is installed, consisting of two layers: sand and gravel or crushed stone of medium and coarse fraction. Thickness sandy base - up to 20 - 30 cm, a layer of crushed stone - up to 50 cm. It is irrational to use a fine fraction of crushed stone: a fine filling is knocked down and prevents the free drainage of liquid.

According to sanitary standards, a leaky cesspool must be regularly freed from dense masses that accumulate at the bottom. Cleaning is carried out every 30 - 60 days. Installation of filter pits is strictly limited depending on the amount of waste, the presence of pollutants in the sewer drain.

Sealed cesspools

Sanitary standards allow installation in a private house with year-round living only sealed cesspools. Such restrictions are due to the following reasons:

• Untreated waste water can enter the aquifer and make the water undrinkable.

• Leaky pits do not protect the fertile soil layer from contamination with household chemical waste.

Diagram of the device of a sealed concrete pit

A classic cesspool is the most budgetary option for a sewer receiver. It is a buried container for collecting liquid waste. Through the sewer drain pipe the effluent flows into the tank. After raising the level to the maximum allowable, pumping is performed. For cleaning, use a special technique; it is forbidden to pump out the liquid on your own.

Septic tanks: autonomous treatment systems

The only way to build a home sewage system without connecting to a common collector and the need for regular cleaning is with autonomous systems. Septic tank design - several connected chambers:

Homemade precast concrete septic tank

1. Receiver. The liquid entering the sump undergoes primary cleaning. Solid masses settle to the bottom.
2. Filtration chambers. The biological treatment compartments use bacteria that process liquid waste. The degree of purification at the exit from the last chamber is up to 98%.
3. Filter well. Treated wastewater is discharged into the ground through a gravel bed. Also, water previously purified in biofilters can be reused as technical water.

Rules for installing filter drain pits

Sanitary norms and rules strictly limit the possibility of constructing a cesspool without a bottom for servicing suburban areas. Such restrictions are associated with the design features: when hazardous substances enter the drain, they freely penetrate into the soil through the leaky bottom and walls.

When is it allowed to arrange a pit without a bottom

Conditions under which summer cottage a filtering cesspool with gravel backfill can be installed, and the placement rates:

• The total average daily volume of liquid waste should not exceed 1 cubic meter. This is an approximate amount for a family of 2.

Construction with asbestos-cement walls and crushed stone bedding

• The house is lived seasonally. The use of leaky receivers for cottages with permanent residence prohibited. There is a stipulation in the rules: a house with an established heating system is not considered a seasonal residence.

• There should be no household chemicals in the drain water.

In fact, it is possible to equip filter pits in summer cottages to serve one toilet and shower. It is impossible to install such a structure to drain waste from a country house, a private house within the city, with permanent residence.

Choosing a location

According to the norms for the location of the filter cesspool, the choice of a place on the site where a cesspool can be arranged is limited. Main requirements:

• Indentation from the house and neighboring buildings.

• Observance of the distance to the water source.

Distance from the wall - at least 5 m

The optimal distance between the wall of a house or an outbuilding and a sewer receiver is from 10 m.The minimum indentation is 5 m.

The installation is carried out in a place located below the point of location of the water intake - a well or a shaft well. The distance from the water intake point to the drain tank is determined for each site separately, depending on the composition of the soil and the direction of flow groundwater.

If the groundwater flows are directed towards the receiver, then it is enough to maintain a distance of 10 - 15 m. In the opposite direction, from the sewer to the well or well, the indent should be 40 - 50 m.

Protection against flooding the tank with rainwater

Be sure to equip an earthen inclined castle around the neck of the receiver to drain rainwater.

Requirements for materials of manufacture

The main materials for the manufacture of filter pits:

• Concrete and reinforced concrete factory products. Ready-made perforated rings are used for installation in a structure with a branch through the walls and bottom. The rings are connected with factory locks or sealed with a solution if the product is not equipped with a lock. For strength, the connection is reinforced with metal brackets on the inner walls. In the upper part, a sealed cover and a ventilation outlet must be installed.

Mounting reinforced concrete ring

• Brick. There are no strict requirements for the insulation of brickwork in the filter pit. The brick is laid on the mortar with the formation of filter slots for drainage into the ground.

Gaps in the masonry for drainage

Rules for installing a sealed cesspool

At the legislative level, the following norms are established:

• Installation depth and volume of sewer receivers.

• The permeability of the materials used and the insulation requirements.

• Distances from the septic tank to residential buildings, roads, water intake points.

Septic tank installation project on site

Indent from buildings

A septic tank or cesspool should be located away from other buildings:

1. At least 5 m - from the wall or foundation of a residential building. The optimal distance is considered to be 5 - 12 m. At a greater distance, difficulties may arise with the outflow of liquid inside the pipe.
2. If there is a bathhouse, a shed or other buildings on the site, then the distance between the walls of the septic tank and the buildings should be from 1 m.
3. From neighbor's fence it is necessary to observe an indent of 2 - 4 m.
4. Minimum distance to the garden, ornamental plants and vegetable garden - from 4 m.

The minimum indentation from buildings when installing a sewage system

Distance to wells and wells

The distance between sewer structures and points of water intake, natural reservoirs, water pipes.

When planning, soil analysis is carried out to determine its composition and moisture saturation. They also use special maps to study the direction of groundwater flows.

Prerequisite: the installation of a sealed septic tank is carried out in a place located below the water intake point. To the selected location, it is necessary to provide an entrance for sewage equipment.

Access to the cesspool hatch

The minimum distance between the well, the well and the sealed pit is 10 - 12 m. The indent will have to be increased if the direction of the groundwater flow is unfavorable: if the flow is directed from the cesspool to the well. In this case, an offset of 40-50 m may be required.

Depending on the density, water permeability and composition of the soil, the optimal place for installing the receiver is chosen:

• With a predominance of sandy rocks, the indent is increased to 50 m.

• On loams - up to 30 m.

• In clayey rock, a distance of up to 20 m is sufficient.

Distance from the road and water bodies

It is necessary to retreat at least 5 m from the side of the road adjacent to the section. If there is a reservoir nearby, then a cesspool should be dug 30 m from the shore.

Installation depth and tank volume

Among the basic installation standards are the requirements for the installation depth of a sealed cesspool. In order to avoid flooding the tank, calculate the dimensions of the pit so that the groundwater level is no higher than 90 cm from the bottom of the tank.

The maximum deepening for impermeable tanks is 3 m. The value has been set due to the peculiarities of the pumping technique.

Calculation of the depth of the structure of a sealed pit

Another important requirement is that the bulk of the sewage must be below the freezing point of the soil. And at the maximum filling level of the tank, a gap of 35 cm should remain to the top cover.

Construction and insulation requirements

The tanks must be durable and moisture-proof. Factory containers are made from:

• Polymers: PVC, polypropylene. Easy to install and lightweight polymer tanks - the best choice for a sealed pit. The walls of the products are multilayer, which reduces the likelihood of freezing and the appearance of cracks. The factory receivers are equipped in accordance with the norms: a sealed cover is installed, internal steps for maintenance, a ventilation outlet at the top. A factory branch pipe is installed in the wall of the plastic container for connecting the sewer inlet. The service life of PVC tanks is from 50 years. The walls of the products are smooth, easy to clean, do not absorb liquid. No additional thermal insulation is needed.

• Concrete structures with low permeability. Rings, plates and necks for sewer products are made from a special solution, which, after solidification, does not allow moisture to pass through. Concrete pits must be sealed from the outside and the walls must be insulated.

Reinforced concrete structure with insulating layer

Video: rules for arranging a home septic tank

Everything about depth, maintenance cost, piping and chamber volume.

Without the risk of paying a huge fine and ruining relations with neighbors, you can equip a drain pit in the country. For the organization of sewerage within the city or in a country house with permanent residence, it is better to contact a specialist.