Do you want to build a house for permanent residence and decide which bar is better? How to choose the thickness of the timber for a winter house, which type of timber to choose - glued or profiled? Let's try to figure it out together.
The house where the whole family lives all year round, the builders call the winter home. The house of permanent residence should be warm, comfortable, and a cottage from a bar meets these requirements just perfectly.
Which timber is better - glued or profiled
It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally, because everyone is good in their own way. Briefly the advantages of each type of timber:
- profiled timber - favorable price, environmental friendliness, less cracking or damage;
- glued laminated timber - high strength, reduced shrinkage time, external finishing can be dispensed with.
Read more about the choice between the two types here.
The thickness of the timber for the walls of the winter house
The thicker the timber, the more expensive it is.
- Beam 100 mm - summer and seasonal option, baths. Such a bar can also be used for a winter house, but it will have to be additionally sheathed and insulated.
- Beams 150 mm and 200 mm - for permanent residences. 200 mm is a luxury option for harsh weather conditions, for the middle strip, a section of 150 mm is quite enough.
- With any thickness of the timber, if the thermometer in your region drops below -25 ºС, wall insulation will be necessary. The optimal wall insulation is basalt wool.
The thickness of the timber for the base of the house and the floor of the first floor of the winter house
The lower base of the house is "in contact" with the external environment and is closer to the ground, dampness and moisture can come from there, the probability of blowing the house is higher. Therefore, the lower base should be insulated as much as possible, at least 100 mm (for a summer house) 150 or 200 mm for a permanent home. Floor logs are part of the base of the house, they are always made of 100x150 mm or 200x100 mm timber, depending on the amount of insulation in the house.
In general, the construction looks like this:
- 1 layer. The base of the house is made of a bar of 150 or 200 mm, strapping, logs from a bar of 100x150 mm or 200x100 mm, skull bars.
- 2nd layer. Rough floor from edged boards 100x20 mm.
- 3rd layer. Membrane waterproofing film.
- 4th layer. Insulation ( basalt slab or mineral wool).
- 5 layer. Vapor barrier membrane.
- 6 layer. Finishing floor (grooved board, smallpox board or plywood).
The lags of the ground floor floor are more insulated than floor slabs... For house insulation in the company "DomBanya" they use not only basalt wool, but also roll-type mineral wool, since this insulation will not slip anywhere and will not crumble.
The thickness of the timber for the interfloor floors of the winter house
For insulation indoor spaces the winter house does not use a timber thickness of 200 mm.
For interfloor floors, it is more convenient to use a board of 150 x 40 mm, or a board of 200 x 50 mm (usually two boards are used, fastened together). For one-story houses, even a board of 100 x 40 mm is suitable if the size of the house is small.
Interfloor floors made of timber are worse to fasten together than boards, therefore they are used only when the openings in the house exceed 4-6 meters. The timber is taken 100 x 150 mm, or 150 x 150 mm.
Roof of a winter house for permanent residence
Insulation on the roof is not always laid (sometimes there is a "cold attic"), but windproof film on the roof is laid without fail.
Mansard log house. Attic floor completely insulated: walls, gables, partitions, ceiling.
One-and-a-half-story or full-fledged timber two-storey house... The floor of the first floor, interfloor floors and the ceiling of the second floor are insulated.
Winter house construction technology for permanent residence
During construction log house it is important to follow the correct technology. If you make mistakes, then the house will absolutely lose its thermal insulation properties! Regardless of the thickness of the timber, cracks will appear in it, windows and doors will bend, the house will blow.
Walls of a winter house for permanent residence
- The outer walls of the house are insulated with jute fiber, which is laid between the beams.
- The bars are assembled on wooden dowels (a kind of "nails"), thanks to which the logs fit tightly to each other and do not change their position during shrinkage.
- The corners of the log house are collected in a "warm corner" (in the root thorn).
- In order to reduce the negative consequences of shrinkage, use backlashes (shrinkage dom cards).
- Partitions ( interior walls) in a log house are not insulated.
Windows / doors of a winter house for permanent residence
The correct assembly technique is the use of swaths / casing. The opening weakens the walls, and the swarm is a bar that is installed inside window and door openings, strengthening the wall.
This is very important for a house made of a bar, since no matter how high-quality the windows and doors themselves are, they can be bent or broken if the house is not assembled correctly.
Double-glazed windows are installed on the windows in the winter house, which retain heat and serve for sound insulation. Single-chamber windows have double glazing, two-chamber windows have triple glazing. Double-glazed windows are more than enough for a winter home.
The entrance doors are metal insulated. Interroom - wooden, paneled.
In the company "House Banya" you can buy a house made of profiled timber any 15% cheaper than the average market value.
Many effectively use the area of \u200b\u200btheir home, creating an intermediate structure that would harmoniously link the design of the building and the surrounding landscape. This result can be achieved by erecting a veranda or terrace from a bar. Look through reviews of inexpensive country houses for permanent residence, photos and you will understand everything. In fact, the veranda is a private subspecies of the terrace, i.e. a platform that is either built into the country house from a bar, or is an extension to it.
You decide to buy a turnkey country house for permanent residence, prices and photos are available online. Both the veranda and the terrace can be attached to any part of the house made of timber. To avoid dissonance, their design should be in harmony with the overall style of the wooden structure.
Choosing inexpensive country houses for permanent residence on a turnkey basis - entrust the construction to Intel Group!
It is considered ideal to build a cottage with a veranda or terrace, but with this choice you need:
- take into account the load correctly;
- choose a suitable foundation, taking into account the type of soil;
- take into account each of the nuances.
Each type of timber is very easy to work with. Due to the minimal shrinkage of the wood, the construction of the terrace does not require long periods. The Intel Group catalog contains prices and reviews of country houses for permanent residence, which can be bought on a turnkey basis in a convenient way!
A wide range of products on the domestic construction market allows you to build a house for every taste, but complicates the task of choosing materials. To determine what is the best way to build a house, you should consider the characteristics of buildings from various materials and their availability in the region.
Stone houses
Brick
Many people think that building a house for permanent residence is best made of bricks. Brick is a unique material for wall masonry with excellent characteristics. It can be easily purchased in most regions of the country, excluding sparsely populated ones. Brick buildings have the following benefits:
- fire safety;
- environmental Safety;
- strength and durability;
- acceptable heat and sound insulation performance;
- high thermal inertia - the walls cool down for a long time;
- the possibility of building multi-storey buildings;
- long service life.
The developer who decided to build brick house, must be ready for big expenses and long-term construction. Under brick walls a strong foundation is needed, which makes the work even more expensive. In the northern regions, additional insulation will have to be performed. A variety of bricks are large-format porous ceramic blocks. Their use allows you to do without additional insulation and reduce construction time.
Building blocks
Gas blocks and foam blocks are manufactured using different technologies, but have similar characteristics and structure. They are blocks of concrete, the pores of which are filled with air. The use of lightweight porous blocks allows:
- to reduce the costs of foundations, transportation of materials, wall masonry, finishing work;
- refuse additional wall insulation - their thermal conductivity is 5 - 7 times lower than brick;
- increase the pace of construction.
The disadvantages of these materials are insufficient fracture strength and high water absorption.
The boiler slag contains harmful substances, therefore it is mainly used for the construction of non-residential buildings. Due to the presence of a light filler in its composition, it has a relatively low weight and good thermal insulation characteristics. The cinder block is 40-60% cheaper than the gas block.
Wooden houses
For the inhabitants of the northern regions of Russia, the problem " what to build a country house from"Did not stand until recently. Wooden houses ideal for these conditions, and wood is the most available material... Houses chopped from logs have the following advantages:
- high rates of construction;
- excellent heat-saving characteristics;
- healthy microclimate inside the house;
- light weight and the ability to use simple cheap foundations;
- the possibility of transferring the log house to a new location.
The disadvantages of log houses are fire hazard and the need for periodic caulking of joints due to significant shrinkage. Therefore, for the construction of log cabins, rounded logs and beams are increasingly used. These materials are manufactured in the factory, have the correct geometric dimensions and normalized moisture content.
In a rounded log, longitudinal grooves are milled to connect adjacent crowns and relieve stresses in the solid wood, and in the manufacture of house kits - and corner cuts. At the end of the production process, the wood is impregnated with antiseptic and fire retardants under pressure. As a result:
- a log house is assembled in a few days;
- wood cracking is also significantly reduced;
- fire safety, wood resistance to moisture, diseases and pests increase;
- there is no need for re-caulking of seams and external finishing.
There is almost no shrinkage in houses made of laminated veneer lumber. The beam is a rectangular beam made of pre-dried and glued boards. This technology provides increased strength and consistency of material characteristics over time.
Frame houses
The frame construction method allows you to collect a warm cozy home... Frame-panel buildings differ from frame-frame buildings in assembly technology, but not in characteristics. The frames of houses are made of timber, less often - of a metal profile. In frame-frame houses, insulation is laid in the walls between the beams, its steam is closed and waterproofing films and sewn on both sides with finishing materials.
In frame-panel houses, OSB or panels are attached to the base. In the first case, the space inside the walls is insulated. SIP panels are two sheets, between which the insulation is already glued in the factory, and connecting locks are made at the ends. Sheets can be made from OSB, drywall, corrugated board and other materials.
Frame-frame houses are good because they can be assembled by hand without the use of construction equipment. Frame-panel houses from house kits are assembled using a crane in a few days. Some developers mistrust such buildings, considering them flimsy and short-lived. Is it worth building a house from insulated panels, they decide, but frame cottages have many advantages:
- high strength - frame houses tornadoes survive in America;
- high rates of construction - finished house in 2 months;
- low cost - at least 50% cheaper than brick;
- excellent heat saving - frame walls with a thickness of 20 cm in this indicator are not inferior to meter-long brickwork;
- the possibility of finishing the facade under a brick, log, natural stone or timber.
In terms of service life, frame houses are inferior to brick ones, but some buildings built in the 19th century still serve.
Monolithic houses are still not widespread in private construction (about 5%). The essence of the technology lies in the continuous pouring of the foundation and walls with concrete. This makes it possible to build very solid buildings with uniform structural properties. At the same time, foam concrete is used, which has good heat-saving properties.
Monolithic houses are built with removable and. In the second case, wood concrete, polystyrene or insulated cladding panels serve as formwork. Merits monolithic buildings are the high rates of construction and the possibility of creating the most bizarre architectural forms, the disadvantage is the need to use construction equipment and high-quality complex formwork.
Selection of materials for walls
It should be chosen before starting the design, since the structures of stone, wood and frame houses differ significantly. It should be borne in mind:
- the cost of materials and their availability in the region;
- conformity thermal insulation characteristics climatic zone;
- fire and environmental safety;
- number of storeys of the house;
- aesthetic preferences.
If these conditions are met, the house will be strong, durable, warm and comfortable.
