How to make a warm floor in a two-story house. Combined heating: building the system "radiators plus warm floor

16.04.201827.05.2017

Thermal comfort is the main concern for homeowners in winter and off-season. IN last years Combined heating is becoming more and more popular: radiators plus underfloor heating. Such a system is as efficient as possible, convenient in operation, and reliable. Having installed it, the owner of the house expands his own capabilities: it becomes easier to manage the temperature regime, in case of malfunctions there is always a backup option, and the amount for heating is not higher than usual. When the right choice circuits, energy sources and heating appliances can achieve significant savings in paying energy bills.

Where can combined systems be made?

If the floor covering and the type of underfloor heating system are correctly chosen, then combined heating can be installed in rooms of any purpose and buildings of any number of storeys. This is a great option for two-story residential buildings. When arranging a warm floor on the first floor, streams of warm air rise upward, warm up the entire floor and ceilings that serve as the floor for rooms on the second floor, where radiators are installed.

As flooring it is best to use ceramic tiles for the warm floor of the first floor. For the bedrooms on the second floor, you can choose any flooring. If you install thermostats, it will be easy to maintain the desired temperature depending on the time of day. For example, you can set a lower temperature during the day, and a higher temperature in the evening and at night.

The pyrolysis boiler is perfect for organizing a combined heating system. It is reliable and economical. Thanks to the two-stage combustion system, fuel consumption is significantly reduced. When operating such a boiler, less combustion products are emitted, which helps to save the environment.

The floors of the second floor are the most important coatings in any room. They can be concrete or wood, and the choice depends on many factors. They are formed not only on the first floor, but also on the second, so it is important to know exactly how to carry out all the work on the arrangement correctly and efficiently, as well as what materials to use for these purposes. It is taken into account that the created structure must be optimal for the existing floor, since excessive loads should not act on it.

Pros of creating a wooden floor on the second floor

Wooden floors on the second floor are an excellent solution for various rooms and floors. They can be created in a variety of structures, since they are lightweight and also environmentally friendly. This creates a cozy atmosphere in any room.

The creation of a wooden floor on the second floor is allowed only if the following essential requirements are taken into account:

the coating must be tough and of high quality, and there can be no strong deflection during the use of the floor;
the construction of the wooden floor of the second floor should be simple, since no difficulties cannot improve its parameters;
the floor is created resistant to moisture or abrasion, and must also be durable and moisture resistant;
by all means, all wooden floor elements are processed with special fire retardants, which guarantee a fire-safe structure;
wood provides floors with good thermal and sound insulation characteristics;
certainly in the process of work, waterproofing and vapor barrier materials are used, since this ensures a long service life of all wooden floor elements;
the entire structure of the second floor, in terms of its weight, must correspond to the existing floor;
a beautiful appearance of a wooden floor is a must for absolutely any living space, therefore it is not allowed to have dirt or significant and clearly visible defects on it.

Stages of forming a wooden floor

The wooden floor created on the second floor of the house can be lagged or beamed.

A floor formed using beams is considered affordable because cheap materials are used for this purpose. At the same time, a structure is formed, which is characterized by increased resistance to various significant loads, so it will last a long time. The disadvantages of the second floor beamed floor include the fact that it has poor sound insulation parameters, since it is mounted on the frame of the building.

The process of creating a wooden floor is divided into the following stages:

Initially, a sub-floor is formed, for which different beams or boards are usually used, which have high strength and low humidity. They are adjusted in accordance with the dimensions of the room itself in which the work is performed. In this case, it is important that an even layer is obtained in which there are no kinks or other problems.
A waterproofing layer is created, for which the best choice are considered modern waterproofing materialspresented in the form of rolls. They cover the entire base with a slight overlap on the walls. Additionally, you can process it with different coating materials.
Warming of the wooden floor is being carried out. For this, a variety of materials can be used, but mineral wool is considered the most popular for this. It comes in the form of plates or sheets. They are laid in an even layer on the floor surface, and all joints are glued.
A vapor barrier layer is mounted. It will act as a protection of mineral wool from moisture, and will also protect the wooden floor of the second floor itself from moisture from the inside. Here, suitable types of films are usually selected, which are rolled over a flat surface with an overlap with the obligatory gluing of the overlap.
The main floor is installed. Here, flooring can be used or the floor is mounted on logs. The last option is considered optimal, involving the installation of special logs with the same dimensions using self-tapping screws. The distance between them is equal to the width of the slabs used to form the deck.

Wooden floors have many advantages, but if the floors of the second floor are of high quality and reliable, then concrete floors can be made, which are strong and durable.

How to make concrete floors on the second floor.

They are quite simple and quick to create. They are used exclusively if the floors are reliable and capable of withstanding significant impacts, since they have a significant mass.

The entire process of forming a concrete floor is divided into the following stages:

Formwork is being installed on the second floor. Much attention is paid to this stage, since it is important that a perfectly flat and high-quality design is obtained. It is formed with solid and well-dried boards. Its dimensions correspond to what parameters the concrete floor itself should have in the future.
Reinforcement of the formwork is in progress. A special frame formed from metal rods is placed in the finished formwork. The size of each cell in this design is approximately 20 cm.
Formwork is being poured concrete mortar High Quality. It is advisable to use the brand of concrete - M400 for this, since it is of high quality. Sand acts as an aggregate in it, which can be replaced with fine gravel. Filling is done exclusively in one go. After that, it is important to use vibration equipment to completely eliminate various air bubbles from the composition.
Provides optimal care for the created concrete surface. To do this, on the second floor, the entire floor is covered with polyethylene, and it is also important to regularly water it with the optimal amount of water. This will prevent the formation of cracks and other problems on the surface.
Produced finishing concrete floor. For this, completely different types of finishing can be chosen. floor materialsbecause concrete can easily cope with various loads.

Is it possible to make a warm floor on the second floor.

For many people, the presence of a floor heating system is indispensable and obligatory, since the comfort of walking and life is ensured. This is especially true if the floor covering is chosen ceramic tile or other types of tiled flooring.

In order to make heating of residential and auxiliary premises in a private two-story house, it is necessary to correctly and competently approach this matter. And the owner of the facility will have to choose the most optimal option based on his own capabilities and the type of fuel that is available in the area where he lives.

Often preference is given to water heating system, and recently, air heating has also gained popularity. As a basis, one should take a typical heating scheme for a two-story house, and already alter it to fit the needs of the existing facility. At the same time, you will need to turn to the services of specialists, since making changes to the project with your own hands is not an easy task, and attempts to do something on your own can turn into serious problems during operation in the future.

So that you understand - the heating system is a whole complex, which includes a boiler, pipelines, heating radiators, fittings, various control sensors, etc. Only the right combination of these elements and the optimal heating scheme will provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises, and thereby reduce the cost of heating the entire house as a whole.

Heating systems can divided into several types:

one-pipe and two-pipe;
with bottom and top wiring;
with horizontal and vertical risers;
with dead-end and main water traffic;
with forced and natural circulation.

For heating two-story houses, the most optimal would be the last option, which requires a boiler, collector, pipeline, heating devices and an expansion tank. The pump circulates water. The type of fuel for the boiler does not matter - it can be coal, gas, firewood or electricity... If you have a gas pipeline nearby, then ideally it would be to install a gas boiler, since this is the most economical unit.

Wiring systems for two-story houses

For heating two-story houses, you can use one-, two-pipe and collector wiring. If you choose a project with a one-pipe system, then adjusting the temperature in the premises will be a rather difficult task, since it is impossible to shut off one of the radiators while the other devices are operating. It implies sequential circulation of the coolant from the device to the device.

As for the two-pipe, it is more versatile and ideal for heating a private two-story house. The implementation of such a system is simple - for each device heating system two pipes are connected - one of them is responsible for supplying hot water, and the second comes out cooled. But unlike a one-pipe system, such a scheme differs in the order of connecting heating units, and therefore, in order to increase its efficiency, experts recommend installing a regulating tank in front of each radiator.

Regardless of the size of the house, for a 2-storey building, there will be enough distance between the top point of the supply line and the center to ensure normal water circulation. Thus, the installation of an expansion tank will be possible not only in the attic, but also in top floor... The pipes themselves can be mounted under windowsills or ceilings.

Besides, two-pipe system with a circulation pump, it also allows you to implement a "warm" floor system, as well as connect heated towel rails on each floor and other devices of this class. But more about them later.

This is one of the most common questions, especially for those who plan to make heating in a private house with their own hands. Let's say if your house has basement or attic, then it will be possible to make a heating system with both upper and lower piping. But there are a few points:

Approximate wiring diagram for a two-story house

Let's consider an example of a hot water heating circuit for a typical two-story building, where manual temperature control will be provided in each room. Such a system is mounted using a horizontal installation of two pipes, and heating radiators will have a side connection.

It is advisable to use pipes made of metal-plasticbecause they are characterized by high strength and durability. For the installation of metal-plastic pipes, no special skills are required, and therefore all the work can be done by hand. Among their advantages are the following:

corrosion resistance;
there are almost never blockages in polymer products;
affordable price;
all work is carried out using threaded and press connections, and a special soldering iron is not required.

The only drawback is the high coefficient thermal expansion, which in case of improper installation and operation can cause leaks.

Of course, no one forbids the use and polypropylene pipes, but in the case of them, you will need a special soldering iron of considerable exposure, since in no case should you make mistakes when soldering.

Steel pipes are practically unclaimed for the organization of heating in private houses, since the material is extremely unstable to corrosion. In some cases, can be applied galvanized or stainless steel pipes, and for their connection threaded connections are used, but for such work, appropriate skills and equipment are required. If you have enough money, you can buy copper pipes, which will also serve your grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

When drawing up a heating project for a two-story house, you should carefully calculate the required number of adjustable, corner and connecting elements of the system, as well as mark the installation locations of plugs with taps. Similarly, the number of radiators and their sections should be determined. At the same time, do not forget about the mounting brackets for installing radiators, which can be calculated by determining its dimensions.

The diagram should include the installation locations of the expansion tank, pump and the boiler itself. As mentioned above, you can choose any boiler, but you need to be guided by what fuel is most in demand in your area and, of course, your own capabilities. Usually in new houses already have been using gas for a long time, insofar as solid fuel is different low level environmental friendliness.

If the dimensions of the boiler are small, then it is quite possible to place it right in the house, for example, in a storeroom or workshop. Modern boilers can be hung directly on the wall, which saves a lot of space. It is not recommended to install it in bedrooms or other living areas as it can generate noise during operation. For large-sized boilers, a separate room or even an entire extension near the house should be equipped.

Collector systems

For heating two-story houses, you can also use a collector system on a two-pipe basis. In this case, it is assumed that the supply and return collectors are installed in special cabinets. Supply manifold will collect and distribute hot water to the radiator through pipes running along the walls. The main advantage is the possibility of hidden installation of all systems. Also, their advantages include the fact that installation work can be done by hand even without special skills.

The heating itself can be carried out both on two floors, and on one, while the boiler is installed on the first floor, and on the second - expansion tank... Hot water pipes are installed under windowsills or ceilings, and each radiator must have a separate control valve.

Each radiator is connected to a manifold, i.e. the heating system will be with forced circulation water, which will minimize the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet, and significantly simplify the system, making it more compact, which will significantly save on materials. Ball valves allow you to exclude any radiator from the system without disrupting the operation of the heating system as a whole. In fact, with a collector system, each heating circuit is independent, and, if necessary, can be equipped with its own pump, taps and automation.

"Warm floor

For a rational distribution of heat when heating a 2-storey building, it is worth include a "warm" floor in the scheme and system... As you know, warm air rises upwards, while cold air remains below. Accordingly, such a system will help trap warm air below, and not uselessly give it to the roof.

The installation of the system should be carried out already during a major overhaul, since the pipes are laid in cement-sand screed... Of course, this can also be done after, using heat distribution plates made of aluminum, which ensure uniform heating of the floor. Accordingly, for underfloor heating on one floor in several rooms, the collector connection, which was mentioned above, is used. Among the advantages of such a system it is worth highlighting the following:

rational distribution of heat;
comfort in the winter;
low water temperature required for system operation.

Finally, it remains to add that the heating scheme must fully comply with the profile documentation, and is certified by the relevant authorities. If you doubt something, then entrust all the work to specialists.

Here we will analyze a few diagrams related to combined systems. And let's figure out how to simplify everything so that it all works without unnecessary calculations and at the same time without errors.

Questions arising during the installation of a combined heating system

In general, the technologies here are the same as in the device of simply radiator heating or a water heated floor, the same requirements, the same equipment ... only the circuits become more complicated.

The question may arise: if the house is two- or three-story, and on each floor you want to make a warm floor: how? Another option: underfloor heating on one floor, radiators on the other. In addition, you want to connect an indirect heating boiler. And again the question is: how? The reason for this question is obvious: additional systems can behave in different ways, without experience it is quite difficult to predict something in advance ...

Another question: how to choose a boiler for a combined heating system and how to properly connect all the devices to each other?

Scheme of the combined heating system of a three-story house

The diagram below shows the heating system of a two-story house with a heated basement or basement (or three-story house):

In the basement (on the ground floor) and on the first floor there is a water-heated floor. On the second floor there are radiators. There is also an indirect heating boiler on the ground floor.

Please note that in the diagram, the supply to the radiators on the second floor is thicker, the same is the return. This is no coincidence: this pipe will be of an increased diameter, most likely the same as the diameter of the outlet on the boiler itself, 50 mm. But this is presumably, in fact, you need to calculate the hydraulic resistance in the system, it is possible that a smaller pipe diameter will be acceptable. But, again: you need to count. Because if the pump is not powerful enough, it will not be able to "push" the coolant to the last radiators, and they will always be cold. Or the radiators will work fine, but the warm floors ... will not be warm. And all again because of the wrong pump. In the above examples, there are two ways out: either we change the pump to a more powerful one or increase the diameter of the risers, or both.

Combined heating system for a two-story house

In the following diagram, there are two floors with underfloor heating (or ground floor and basement):

Please note: there are circulation pumps on each branch. Including the boiler. Only all these pumps are on the supply pipe, that is, they seem to suck in the coolant coming from the boiler and push it through the warm floor or boiler. Such a system will work even without a common pump, which is in front of the boiler.

The above diagram is called "primary-secondary rings" and, in fact, the pump in front of the boiler is not superfluous. Why? To answer, let us recall again what “primary-secondary rings” means, even though this was just discussed in the last article.

The section "boiler - supply pipe - return - pump - boiler" is the primary ring. In the primary ring, the boiler works as if for itself. The remaining loops are secondary rings that disassemble the coolant from the primary ring using their circulation pumps. Circulation pumps in the secondary rings are selected according to hydraulic resistance each ring.

You might think that there is a waste of money on additional pumps. But having installed them, you will not be afraid of other errors that may arise during calculations. And you will not need to put a thick pipe on the secondary rings, you can get by with 25 mm, or even 20 mm.

Combined heating system of a three-story building, made on the principle of "primary-secondary rings"

Another scheme: the same as in the first version, but circulation pumps for each ring were added, as suggested in the second:

Everything said for the previous scheme is also true for this one.

The need for coolant in the secondary rings and the power of the heating boiler

More. In the heating systems discussed above, each secondary ring will have its own need for a coolant. That is, the volume of the coolant required for one branch is not equal to the required volume of the coolant for the other branch. That is why the speed of the coolant in different branches will be different. But the boiler can only pass a strictly defined volume of coolant through itself! ..

It can be very roughly assumed that if the power of the boiler is, for example, 30 kW, then it passes 30 l / minute. But the first ring may need 10 l / min., The second ring also 10 l / min., The third 12 l / min., The fourth - 15 l / min. In total, four rings require a total of 10 + 10 + 12 + 15 \u003d 47 liters of coolant every minute. And the boiler, as it was said, is capable of passing through itself 30 liters per minute. Exit - set the hydraulic arrow:

In general, any complex system can be successfully muddied by applying the scheme shown here: primary-secondary rings + hydraulic arrow.

Instead of "primary-secondary rings" a hydraulic manifold can be installed as in the following diagram:

From this collector, as expected, supply pipes to each system depart (in the above diagram, these are: a radiator system, underfloor heating, warm walls and an indirect heating boiler). Each flow has its own circulation pump.

At first glance, the scheme is complex, but it is simplified by the hydraulic arrow and the manifold.

And finally ...

How does the device of a combined heating system depend on the type of heating boiler?

How the water heated floor and radiators are connected to each other, as well as the boiler, indirect heating boiler, etc. optional equipment, depends on what kind of boiler you have: with or without a pump. And there are the following connection options.

1. If a boiler with a capacity of up to 30 kW (wall or floor, it does not matter) with its own pump, then you will need a hydraulic arrow. This is because in such a heating system there will be several pumps (for radiators, for a warm floor, for a boiler - for each circuit). Thanks to the hydraulic arrow, each circuit will take as much as it needs.

2. If a boiler with a capacity of up to 30 kW without pumps, then such a boiler is connected directly to the manifold, bypassing the hydraulic arrow (or without it at all). In this case, the pumps of each circuit will pull on as much coolant as needed. This will be monitored by the boiler thermostat, and the boiler will only turn on when necessary, which will save energy resources.

3. If the boiler power is more than 30 kW, then a storage tank is needed for connection, not a hydraulic arrow. Battery tank big size (as opposed to a hydraulic arrow) and its volume is chosen 40 liters per 1 kW of boiler power. That's right: with a boiler power, for example, 50 kW, the storage tank should have a volume of 50 * 40 \u003d 2000 liters or 2 m3. A distribution manifold (often coplanar, main) is connected to the tank. Instead of a storage tank, you can put an indirect heating boiler - also of the corresponding volume.

The hydraulic gun and the manifold also need to be correctly calculated in accordance with the power. How to calculate a water gun,. For houses with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 200 m2, you can do without a collector, only with a hydraulic arrow, to the pipes of which the contours of the radiator system, underfloor heating, and boiler are connected. But for large systems, a collector is needed (however, with a strong desire - or unwillingness? - instead of a collector, you can simply do with tees at the branch points of the pipeline).

In general, within the framework of the above schemes, it is quite possible to make a combined heating system for a particular house. For those who want warm floors only in one small room (bathroom, hallway, kitchen, in a small room, for example, in the country, etc.), there is another article ahead. Good luck.

combined heating system