Regulation of the heat carrier flow in the heating system. Expansion tank adjustment. Use of shut-off valves

Setting the pressure in the RB (expansion tanks-expansomats) of a closed system

It is better to do this before filling the heating system (hereinafter CO). From the manufacturing plant, RBs usually come with nitrogen-injected air chambers with a pressure of 1.5 Bar. 1 Bar is approximately equal to 1 Atmosphere.

If your RB has a capacity much larger than the required capacity, then you do not need to adjust the pressure, but simply check the pressure in the RB air chamber, for example, using an auto manometer.

Please note that auto-manometers can have a very large measurement error up to + -0.3 bar. Try to find (borrow) an automobile pressure gauge still made in the USSR. After checking, I advise you to change the standard plastic cap of the RB for a metal cap from auto wheels. This can save you from unscheduled shutdown of the boiler in your absence at the most inopportune moment (due to a drop in pressure in the system). The same air nipple is installed in RB as in auto wheels. And accordingly, it can "poison" a little. The plastic cap, on the other hand, very often (with excessive tightening effort) breaks and / or "poison" in any case.

If your RB has a small "reserve" in capacity from the required minimum, then it is advisable to adjust the pressure in the RB air chamber. For example, the minimum required volume of RB is 12 liters, and you have a RB with a capacity of 24 liters. When using water as a minimum, the total capacity of the RB must be at least 10% of the total capacity of the system. The fact is that the effective (maximally usable) capacity of a closed type RB (expansomat) is always less than half of its total volume. Note: When using antifreeze as a quality, the volume of RB must be at least 30 percent greater than for water.

Configuring RB. Adjusting the pressure in the RB air chamber. This is necessary to obtain the maximum effective capacity of the RB.

The "floating" (non-constant) effective capacity of the RB is explained by the fact that as the volume of the water chamber increases, the air chamber contracts and the pressure rises in it. Below, for illustration, I will give the design of an expansion tank-expansomat.

The most effective pressure in the air chamber of the RB (hereinafter simply in the RB) should be minimal and be the sum of the minimum pressure at which it remains operational and the height of the water column of the system (the height from the point of the RB location to the highest point of the CO).

The minimum pressure at which the boiler remains operational is 0.7-0.8 bar. If you have two-storey house with a ceiling height of the first floor of 2.7 meters, a ceiling thickness of 0.3 meters on the second floor and a height of the Mayevsky cranes on heating devices (hereinafter OP) of the second floor is 0.75 meters, then the total height of the water column is 2.7 + 0.3 + 0.75 \u003d 3.75 meters. You also need to add pressure for the operation of the boiler 0.8 Bar or in other words 8 meters of water column. (Note: A pressure of 1 bar is approximately equal to 10 meters of water.) You also need to take into account the possible error of the manometer, at least 0.1 bar or 1 meter of water column. Therefore, you need to make the pressure in RB 3.75 + 8 + 1 \u003d 12.75 meters of water column or 1.275 Bar.

I advise only to relieve the pressure from the RB a little bit so that nitrogen remains injected in the air chamber of the RB, and not air. Those. so that you don't have to pump up. At the same time, I want to warn you that the error of manometers in Chinese-made electric auto pumps can reach 0.5 bar. In the end, you can check and adjust the pressure of the RB at gas stations or tire shops, where, by the way, you can pump nitrogen.

Naturally, the entire procedure described above is carried out either with the RB disconnected from the CO, or with the released pressure in the CO. Because when the CO is connected with a pressure inside of 1.5 Bar, the pressure in the RB air chamber will also be 1.5 Bar (but not less than the pressure in the air chamber when the RB is disconnected from the system).

That is why I recommend installing a shut-off valve in front of the RB so that the pressure in the RB air chamber can be checked during the CO operation without relieving the pressure in the CO. Between the RB and the shut-off valve, you also need to put a Mayevsky crane for this. Those. be able to relieve pressure in the RB water chamber without relieving pressure in CO. I also advise you to install the RB with a water nozzle upwards, not downwards, which will allow you to immediately release air from the RB water chamber during CO filling.

Continued Part 2 here -

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The first start-up of the heating system in operation is an extremely important event, on which the durability and reliability of operation largely depends. heating equipment.

Work prior to starting the heating system

Before the first start-up of the heat supply system, it is necessary to make an external inspection of heating units, heating devices, and the pipeline. Compliance with the project of slopes, diameters, colors, integrity of thermal insulation, correct installation and serviceability of shut-off and control valves, mud collectors, pumps, instrumentation is checked. (See also: )

Before putting the system into operation, flushing and pressure testing are mandatory. The quality of the work carried out by the invited specialists must be documented by acts and working diagrams.

In this case, the heating system is filled with groups of 3-5 risers. The beginning of filling should take place in the areas farthest from the input. After the main risers have been launched, the appliances and staircase pipes are filled.

In gravitational systems, heating equipment is filled with water entirely, without division into parts. If the tap water pressure is sufficient, then the system is filled by gravity, and if it is low, with the help of pumps.

After filling the heating system, it must be adjusted so that a hydraulic balance is achieved in all parts of the system. If the equipment is not adjusted, then some devices may be completely filled with a coolant, while others are not enough.

The adjustment can be qualitative, in which the temperature of the coolant changes, and quantitative, which requires a change in the intensity of the fluid intake.

The first type of regulation is carried out centrally - in the heat supply point, and the second method - directly in the heating system of the building.

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Without a well-executed installation of heating equipment, it is impossible to create conditions for being in a building during the cold season. Each owner of a private house must have an idea of \u200b\u200bhow the heating system is adjusted, otherwise it will not be possible to provide comfortable conditions for rest and sleep for family members.

The need for heating

The need to heat own house has always existed, but the ways to achieve this goal were very different. For more than one hundred years, classic Russian stoves have been used in Russia, and a little later, fireplaces appeared. The traditional heating structures have been replaced by modern appliances and heating systems, which surpass their predecessors in quality and efficiency.

At present, a heating system is a structure, which, as a rule, consists of the following main elements:

• heating boiler;
• pipeline;
• heating devices.

There is a heating agent inside the heating system. In most cases, water is used to heat private households, since in the event of a leak, it does not pose a threat to people and the environment from an environmental point of view.
Of all types of liquid heat transfer fluids, it is water that accumulates heat best of all and, when it cools, gives it away.

In addition, it flows well and almost instantly moves within the elements of the system. There is always water in water pipes and it can be added to the heating structure at any time.

The functioning of the system consists in the movement of a hot coolant through it using a circulation pump. The water is first heated in the boiler and then distributed through pipes, from which it enters the radiators.

Heating system adjustment methods

It often happens that mistakes made during the installation of the heating system can be detected only after the equipment is put into operation. Among the reasons for the occurrence of failures in the heat supply of the house is the incorrect determination of the required amount of coolant. When there is little liquid in the system, the room will be cold, and if there is a lot, the air overheats and does not pass into other rooms.

To adjust the operation, adjustment of the heating structure is required. If it is not produced, then the life of the equipment will be significantly reduced.

The heating system is regulated by one of two methods:

• in a qualitative way - by changing the temperature of the coolant;
• quantitatively - with it, the volume of the liquid is changed.

Qualitative regulation is carried out at the heat source, and quantitative - directly on the heating structure. Before proceeding with its implementation, determine the volume of the consumed liquid and the temperature of the coolant, using special devices for this - a water meter and a flow meter.

When there are no such devices, then the actual flow rates are compared with the calculated data.
Most often, two-pipe heating systems are installed that can provide warmth and comfort in the house. You will also need shut-off and control valves for heating.

Heating regulation works with shut-off valves

Throughout the entire process, the water entering the system must have a constant temperature. Regulation, as a rule, is carried out according to temperature differences by changing the volume of supplied water, which depends on the type of heating system and heat input.

The temperature drops depend on the volume of consumed water and this value is inversely proportional. Thus, in order to increase the differential to the required value, the coolant flow rate should be reduced. To do this, either close the valve located at the inlet, or reduce the flow itself.

One of the ways to adjust the heating system is shown in the video:

When there are only taps on the heating risers, only preliminary adjustments are made. It should be taken into account that the closer the riser is to the inlet, the more the tap should be opened. This is necessary so that the shut-off valves for heating on the nearest riser pass a minimum volume of water.

Usually, in two-pipe systems, due to the pressure, the devices on the upper floors overheat. If this disadvantage is not present on the lower floor, then it is necessary to adjust the upper heating radiators.

With a double adjustment valve, it is possible to reduce the flow area. In the absence of such taps, the heating batteries are adjusted by installing throttle washers.

In two-pipe heat supply systems, the uniformity of heating radiators will increase with increasing water consumption. The most important parameter for heating structures - working pressure (read: ""). To lower it, use a pressure regulator in the heating system, and to increase it, use circulation pumps.

The coolant temperature when regulating the device cannot exceed 50-60 ° C. After completing the adjustment, the water temperature must be brought to 90 ° C, and the heating capacity of the radiators must be checked again at this temperature regime. It is advisable to contact a specialist for the adjustment of heating systems.

System diagram with regulators

Each heating season brings its own surprises with the difficulties of heating the premises, as for residents multi-storey buildingsand private cottages. The quality of uniform heating of all rooms of the house depends on how it is adjusted.

Why do you need to adjust

Setting the optimal temperature of the radiators allows you to create the most comfortable living conditions inside the room. In addition, the adjustment allows:

1. To remove the effect of airing in the batteries, to allow the coolant to move freely along the pipeline of the heating system, effectively giving off its heat to the interior space of the room.
2. Reduce heat consumption costs by up to 25%.
3. Do not keep the windows open all the time if the room air overheats.

Setting up heating and regulating batteries, it is advisable to do it before the start of the heating season. This is necessary in order not to experience discomfort in the apartment later and not to adjust the heating temperature of the batteries in emergency mode. Before setting up and adjusting the radiators, it is necessary to insulate all windows initially in the summer. In addition, you need to take into account the peculiarities of the location of the apartment:

• In the middle or corner of the house.
• Lower or upper floor.

Having analyzed the situation, it is advisable to use energy-saving technologies to maximize heat preservation inside the apartment:

• Insulate walls, corners, floors.
• Carry out hydro and thermal insulation of seams between concrete joints of a panel house.

Without these works, it will be useless to regulate the temperature of the radiators, since the lion's share of the heat will heat the street.

Types of heating systems and the principle of regulating radiators

Valve handle

In order to properly adjust the temperature of the radiators, you need to know the general arrangement of the heating system and the layout of the coolant pipes.

• In the case of individual heating, regulation is easier when:

1. The system is powered by a powerful boiler.
2. Each battery is equipped with a three-way tap.
3. Forced pumping of the coolant was installed.

At the stage installation works individual heating must take into account the minimum number of bends in the system. This is necessary in order to reduce heat loss and not to reduce the pressure of the coolant supplied to the radiators.

For uniform heating and rational use of heat, a valve is mounted on each battery. With it, you can reduce the water supply or disconnect it from the general heating system in an unused room.

• It is impossible to adjust the radiators in the central heating system of multi-storey buildings, equipped with a supply of coolant through a pipeline from top to bottom. In this situation upper floors they open windows because of the heat, and it is cold in the rooms of the lower floors, since the batteries are barely warm there.
• More perfect one-pipe network. Here, the coolant is supplied to each battery with its subsequent return to the central riser. Therefore, there is no noticeable temperature difference in the apartments of the upper and lower floors of these houses. In this case, the supply pipe of each radiator is equipped with a control valve.
• A two-pipe system, where two risers are mounted, provides a coolant supply to the heating radiator and vice versa. To increase or decrease the coolant flow, each battery is equipped with a separate valve with a manual or automatic thermostat.

Types of control valves

Types of cranes

Existing modern technologies heat supply allow installing a special tap on each radiator, which controls the quality of heat. This control valve is a shut-off valve heat exchanger that is piped to the radiator.

By the principle of their work, these cranes are:

• Ball, which primarily serve as 100% protection against emergency situations. These shut-off devices are a design that can rotate 90 degrees, and can pass water or obstruct the passage of the coolant.

The ball valve must not be left in a half-open state, as in this case it may be damaged sealing ring and form to flow.

• Standard, where there is no temperature scale. They are represented by traditional budget valves. They do not give absolute control accuracy. Partially blocking the access of the coolant to the radiator, they change the temperature in the apartment by an undefined value.
• With a thermal head, which allow you to adjust and monitor the parameters of the heating system. Such thermostats are automatic and mechanical.

Conventional direct-acting thermostat

The principle of the device

A direct-acting thermostat is a simple device for controlling the temperature in a heating radiator, which is installed near it. By its design, it is a sealed cylinder in which a siphon with a special liquid or gas is inserted, which clearly responds to changes in the temperature of the coolant.

When it rises, the liquid or gas expands. This leads to an increase in pressure on the stem in the thermostat valve. He, in turn, moving, blocks the flow of the coolant. When the radiator cools down, the reverse process takes place.

Temperature controller with electronic sensor

The principle of operation of this device does not differ from the previous version, the only difference is in the settings. If they are performed manually in a conventional thermostat, then electronic sensor does not need it.

Here the temperature is preset, and the sensor monitors its maintenance within the specified limits. The electronic thermostatic sensor regulates the control parameters of the air temperature in the range from 6 to 26 degrees.

Step by step instructions for adjusting the temperature

To ensure a comfortable stay in the room, you need to perform some basic steps.

Connection diagrams

1. Initially, on each battery, it is necessary to bleed air before water flows out of the tap in a trickle.
2. Then it is necessary to adjust the pressure in the batteries.
3. To do this, in the first battery from the boiler, you need to open the valve by two turns, at the second - by three, and then in the same way, increasing the number of turns of the valve to be opened on each radiator. Thus, the coolant pressure will be evenly distributed over all radiators. This will provide it with normal passage through the pipes and better heating of the batteries.
4. In a forced heating system, the pumping of the coolant, the control of rational heat consumption will be helped by control valves.
5. In a flow-through system, the temperature is well regulated, thermostats built into each battery.
6. In a two-pipe heating system, it is possible to control not only the temperature of the coolant, but also its amount in the batteries using both manual and automatic control systems.

Conclusion

Installation completed

Today, to maintain a comfortable temperature in an apartment, each radiator of the heating system must be equipped with a control system.

Modern thermostats help not only maintain the thermal balance inside the room, but also save energy costs for heating the coolant.

When designing a heating system, measures must be taken to control temperature and pressure. To do this, you need to install special fittings and devices. How to properly adjust the heating system: batteries, pressure and other elements? First, you need to understand the principles of organizing these sections of the system.

Heating control methods

During the heating of the coolant, it expands and, as a result, an increase in volume. Therefore, before going to the apartment, you need to provide general control of the system.

Several types of devices are intended for this. They are conventionally divided into regulatory and controlling. The former are designed to change the current characteristics of the system (pressure and temperature) in the direction of decreasing or increasing. They are installed in a specific section of the pipeline or for the entire system as a whole. Control devices include pressure gauges and thermometers, mounted together with control devices or separately.

How to adjust the pressure in the heating system when operating a solid fuel and gas boiler? To do this, you need to be guided by the following principles for designing control systems:

• Installation of pressure gauges (thermometers) before and after the boiler, in distribution manifolds in the highest and lowest part of the system;
• If there is a circulation pump, the pressure gauge is installed before it;
• Mandatory installation of an expansion tank. IN closed systems it can be of a membrane type, in open ones it is leaky;
• The safety valve and air vent will prevent critical overpressure in the pipes.

Average values \u200b\u200bof water temperature in pipes should not exceed 90 degrees. The pressure should be in the range from 1.5 to 3 atm. It is possible to make a system with parameters exceeding the specified ones, but in this case, you will need to select special components.

If it is not possible to regulate the heating batteries in the apartment using a thermostat, an air lock has most likely formed. To eliminate it, a Mayevsky crane is needed.

Heating regulation of a private house

For owners of private houses, the question is: how to regulate two-pipe system heating. Unlike district heating, the parameters autonomous heating only internal factors affect.

The main one is the boiler design, the types of fuel used and its thermal power... Also, the possibility of adjusting the parameters of the coolant directly depends on the following system indicators:

• Pipe diameter and material... The larger the cross-section of the line, the faster the expansion of water will occur as a result of an increase in temperature;
• Radiator characteristics... Before adjusting the heating radiator, it is necessary to make its correct connection to the pipeline. In the future, with the help of special devices, it is possible to reduce or increase the speed and volume of the coolant passing through the heating device;
• Possibility to install mixing units... They can be installed for a two-pipe heating system and with their help the water temperature is reduced by mixing hot and cold streams.

In order to find out how to adjust the heating system in a private house, it is recommended to consider all possible options.

The installation of pressure regulation mechanisms in the heating system should be foreseen at the design stage. Otherwise, even a small mistake during installation can lead to a loss of efficiency of the entire system.

Pressure stabilization in the heating system

The expansion of water as a result of heating is a natural process. In this indicator, the pressure can exceed the critical value, which is unacceptable from the point of view of heating operation. In order to stabilize and reduce pressure on the inner surfaces of pipes and radiators, several heating elements must be installed. It will be much easier and more efficient to adjust the heating system in a private house with their help.

Expansion tank adjustment

It is a steel tank divided into two chambers. One of them is filled with water from the system, and air is injected into the second. The air pressure value is equal to the normal one in the heating pipes. If this parameter is exceeded, the elastic membrane increases the volume of the water chamber, thereby compensating thermal expansion water.

Before adjusting the differential pressure in the heating system, check the condition and setting of the expansion tank. You can adjust the pressure in the heating system by purchasing a tank model with the ability to change it in the air chamber. As additional measure install a pressure gauge to visually check this value.

However, with a significant jump in pressure, this measure will not be enough. In this way, the differential pressure in the heating system can be adjusted if it does not exceed a critical value. Therefore, we recommend installing additional devices.

How to adjust a security group

This group of devices includes the following elements:

• Pressure gauge... Designed for visual control of the heating system;
• Air vent... If the water temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the excess steam acts on the valve seat of the device, releasing air from the pipes outside;
• Safety valve... It works in the same way as a water drain, but is needed to drain the excess coolant from the pipes.

How to adjust the heating radiator using this unit? Alas, it is designed to prevent accidents throughout the system. Batteries require a different device.

Mayevsky crane

Structurally, it is similar to a safety valve. A special feature is its small size and the ability to mount on a radiator pipe with a small diameter.

In order to properly adjust the heating batteries, you need to know in what cases the Mayevsky crane is used:

• Elimination of air congestion in radiators. By opening the valve, air is released until the coolant flows;
• Setting the parameters of the critical pressure value. In the event of an emergency expansion of water, the valve opens and the pressure in the radiator stabilizes.

The latter function is optional and is often not used. The security team is best at this task. Correct regulation of heating in the house should include all of the above elements.

When self-regulating a two-pipe heating system while the boiler is running, you need to constantly monitor the readings of thermometers and manometers.

Heating temperature control

An important parameter of any heating system is the optimal temperature regime of its operation. A suitable ratio of hot and cooled heat transfer fluid is 75/50 or 80/60. However, this value is not always acceptable for certain parts of the network. How to properly adjust the heating in the house in this case? Installation required special equipment... Some of them are designed to regulate heating radiators.

Mixing units

Their main element is a two or three way valve. One of the nozzles is connected to the heating pipe with hot water, the second to the return. The third is mounted on the section of the line, where it is necessary to ensure a low level of the coolant temperature.

As additional mixing units, they are equipped with a temperature sensor and a thermostatic control unit. The sensor sends a signal about the heating agent heating level and it opens or closes the mixing valve, thereby regulating the two-pipe heating system. Most often, such mechanisms are installed in the collectors of a water-heated floor.

If you need to adjust the heating of a water-heated floor in apartment building - it is necessary to take into account the temperature regime of the pipes. Most often it does not exceed 45 degrees.

Servos

How to adjust the heating in an apartment building if it is not possible to independently change the temperature of the water in the pipes? This requires the installation of special shut-off valves. You can limit yourself to installing simple taps - with their help, the flow of coolant into the radiators is regulated. However, in this case, the adjustment will have to be performed independently each time. The best option there will be a mounting of servos.

The design of this device includes a thermostat and a servo drive. To work, you must complete the following steps.

1. Set the required temperature value on the thermostat.
2. The servo drive will automatically cut off or close the coolant flow into the radiator.

In addition to such models, you can purchase an economy version that includes only a thermostat. In this case, the adjustment level will not be as precise. But how to adjust the heating system in an apartment building if old batteries are installed? There are models of thermostats that are designed for installation in cast iron radiators... Such a measure will make the temperature setting for the apartment more accurate.

Thermostats cannot be used to regulate the differential pressure in the heating system. They will only restrict the flow of coolant into the radiator without affecting the temperature regime of the entire system.

All of the above devices and devices are necessary for the normal operation of heating. But besides them, you need to know the basic rules for installing individual elements, since they directly affect the operation of the entire system. Regulation of heating batteries in an apartment begins at the stage of their installation.

First of all, you need to choose a connection method. The efficiency of the device and the possibility of installing a thermostat depend on it.

You should also take into account the pipe layout. In a single-pipe, a bypass (jumper) must be installed, which is necessary to redirect the flow of the coolant in the event of repair or replacement of the radiator. In a two-pipe system, each heating element is connected in parallel. Therefore, it is easiest to correctly adjust the heating batteries in it.

In this way, you can regulate the heating in an apartment building. But for autonomous system it is important to know the correct boiler settings.

Installing thermostats on radiators