How easy is it to make heating. How to properly design a dual-circuit heating system? Advantages and disadvantages of the top-wired two-pipe system

The question of replacing stove heating with a more modern one, sooner or later, has to be decided by the owner of a private house. It is clear that the task for a non-professional is very difficult, but doable. In this work, there are many specific subtleties that only professionals in their field know about - designers and installers of heating systems. You cannot do without their help. But if the owner of a private house has a desire to make heating with his own hands, he may well do some of the work on his own. And entrust the responsible stages of work to professionals.

This article will give an idea to the novice home craftsman about the cycle of work to be performed.

Heating options

First, you have to choose a heating system. And there is plenty to choose from - there are several of them and differ among themselves by the type of coolant:

• Water heating system;
• Steam heating system;
• Air heating system;
• Electric heating system.

Let's consider each of them separately.

Water heating

It works on the principle of a closed loop of pipes containing hot water. The central element in this system is the boiler, where the water is heated and distributed through pipes throughout the system (). Installed water heating radiators, through which the coolant passes, heat up and warm the rooms. The cooled water enters the boiler again, and the process is repeated again.

All heating boilers fit into a similar scheme, but the most popular are economical gas ones.

Important! Gas boilers require regular inspection and adjustment by specialists of the gas company.

Steam heating

Steam from heated water acts as a heat carrier. In the boiler, the water is heated to a boiling state and already in the form of steam it disperses along the highways to the radiators. While cooling, the steam turns into water again and goes through pipes back to the heating boiler.

There are two types of steam systems:

• Open;
• Closed.

In the first case, the system has a storage tank for condensate. And in the second, the condensate formed after cooling is fed back to the boiler through pipes of increased diameter.

Steam heating is used mainly in industrial premises in large industries, where steam is needed for their own needs. For home use, steam heating has not spread due to the large areas for placing boiler equipment. And the steam boiler itself is quite difficult to operate, and because of the high steam temperature of 115 °, it is also dangerous.

Air heating

In a finished residential building, it is practically impossible to deploy equipment with your own hands for organizing air heating. Only at the stage of building a new house is it possible to install the entire system (). And this is despite the fact that the principle of operation of such a system is quite simple.

A heat generator located at the lowest point in a steam heating system, for example in a basement, heats the air. And already heated, it disperses through the duct boxes through the rooms of the house and goes out through the grates under the ceiling of the rooms. Warm air displaces cold air into return air ducts, laid before the heat generator. That is, a closed cycle of work is obtained.

To improve performance, a fan is included in the heating system, which increases the air pressure in the duct.

An example of air heating operation is shown in fig:

The heat generator can operate autonomously on diesel fuel or kerosene. You can also use gas - both natural from the main gas pipeline and bottled gas.

To equip a private house with this type of heating, it is necessary to carry out design work. Experts will calculate: what material the air ducts will be (metal, plastic or textile), what size and build the correct topology of the heating network for the entire building.

Electric heating

Provided there is a constant power supply, electric converters, suspended infrared heaters, and an electric floor heating system will help keep the house warm.

Such a system does an excellent job of heating a house, but large electricity bills make you think about the cost-effectiveness of this heating method.

But if you put it as a spare, in addition to the main one (for example, a gas boiler), then this heating method is quite in demand.

Hinged heating electric convectors have one feature - uneven heating of the room space. The lower area at the floor level is cold, and the upper area under the ceiling is warm.

The electric system of "warm floor" will help to correct the situation:

Heating system elements

The entire electrical heating system in a house can be compared to a human circulatory system. The heart is a boiler, from which heat dissipates through the veins (pipes) to heating elements throughout the house.

This is, of course, a figurative representation. In fact, there are many more elements that ensure the efficient operation of the entire electrical heating system - from pipe connectors to expansion tanks.

Electric heating can be organized in different ways:

1. Forced water circulation;
2. Natural circulation of water.

Into the system with forced circulation the pump is on. But there is a small drawback - the pump requires electricity to operate. If it is turned off, the entire heating system will stop working.

Systems with natural circulation, in terms of independence from electricity, are more convenient. Water circulation occurs due to the fact that the water temperature at the outlet from the heating boiler and inlet is different. But in this case, pipes with different diameters are selected, and it is difficult to adjust it. The advantage is that such a system does not depend on electricity.

Systems are also divided into open and closed.

In open electrical systems, an expansion tank is installed to relieve excess pressure. Typically, this is the highest point of the system. To relieve pressure in closed systems, a closed diaphragm tank is installed. It is small in size, sealed and mounted anywhere in the electrical system, which avoids the formation of air locks.

System calculation and selection of boiler power

Of course, store managers can also pick up equipment. But there are two ways in which you can do this completely independently with your own hands.
A simple approximate method is used by equipment sellers: the area of \u200b\u200bone room is multiplied by 100 W. By summing the values \u200b\u200bobtained for all rooms, the required power of the heating devices is obtained.

1. If only one 1 wall goes outside, the area is multiplied by 100 W;
2. For a corner room, the measured area is multiplied by 120 W;
3. If there are 2 outer walls and two windows, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is multiplied by 130 W.

For a more accurate calculation, the formula is applied:

W cat. \u003d (S * W beats): 10
Where,

• S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe room;
• W beats - specific power of the used heater per 10m² of room area.

W beats is selected depending on the region.

For example, if the area of \u200b\u200ball heated rooms is 100m², with a specific power for the Moscow region of 1.2 kW, then the power for the boiler is obtained: W \u003d (100x1.2) / 10 \u003d 12 kilowatts.

Heat consumption for ventilation

The supply of fresh air is very important for a comfortable stay at home. And therefore, when choosing a heating boiler, it is important to take into account the heat consumption for ventilation. Fresh air in the room is undoubtedly necessary, but no less important is the speed with which the currents of cold air move inside the house. And the lower the speed of fresh air flows, the more comfortable living conditions become.

Building codes specifically stipulate the presence of exhaust ventilation in the premises:

• Baths;
• Toilet;
• Kitchens.

And the inflow of fresh air should be provided by vents in the window and supply valves in living rooms (fig.):

Thus, the supply air is divided into three zones:

1. Air flow.
2. Air overflow.
3. Air extractors.

When organizing any heating system, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption not only for heating the house, but also for its ventilation. If the work is going on according to the project, then it necessarily provides a calculation for heat loss due to the flow of cold air masses into the room.

Only after calculating the nominal air exchange in the house, it is possible to draw conclusions about the final heat demand both for heating the house and for its ventilation.

Before choosing and buying a boiler for the heating system, you need to decide for yourself several parameters:

1. The most important thing is to purchase exactly the type of boiler that will effectively heat the whole house;
2. Choose a heating boiler that will constantly run on the selected type of fuel;
3. And the last - the boiler will work only for space heating or also heat water for everyday needs.

For reference! If the boiler works mainly for heating, it is single-circuit, and if it also provides hot water, it is double-circuit.

Solid fuel boilers

It makes sense to opt for solid fuel heating boilers, or if there is no way to connect to gas in the region or there is fairly inexpensive coal or firewood.

You can also put a solid fuel boiler on solid fuel with your own hands as a backup heat source. The cost of such boilers is relatively low, but the heating system will not work without:

• Expansion tank;
• Security groups;
• More reliable pipes and radiators.

This is due to the fact that boilers of this type operate at higher temperatures.

Such boilers are very reliable when a number of conditions are met:

1. The fuel for the boiler must correspond to both quality and moisture content.
2. Obligatory daily cleaning of the solid fuel boiler.

Gas boilers

The most popular, with the possibility of connecting to gas mains, are gas boilers (). Its main advantage is, for all its simplicity, also ease of use. Most modern models of gas boilers are also equipped with a thermostat. And this is very convenient - you choose the right temperature for your home, and the device will automatically maintain a comfortable warmth throughout the house.

For prices, gas heating boilers have a wide range to choose from.

The price is influenced by:

• Manufacturer;
• Power;
• Boiler type.

But the big plus in boilers of this type is that they already come complete with a circulation pump and an expansion tank.

And the material from which pipes and radiators are made gas heating, completely different and much cheaper than, for example, for boilers operating on solid fuels (coal, etc.).

Electric boilers

This is the most expensive way to heat a house ().

But! Electric heating boilers have some advantages:

1. A large selection of power - from 2 to 40 kW;
2. Stability in work;
3. Do not pollute the atmosphere in the house;
4. Very easy to use;
5. Built-in circulation pump;
6. Supplied with an expansion tank and temperature sensor;
7. They are distinguished by their reliability in work;
8. Inexpensive repair and maintenance.

In terms of prices, electric boilers are comparable to gas ones.

Oil-fired boilers

Most consumers do not even know that traditional liquid fuel heating boilers are now able to work not only on diesel fuel, but also:

• Kerosene;
• Light grades of oil;
• Waste oils (including synthetic oils);
• Fuel oil.

It is enough to change the burners for the required type of fuel.

For reference! There are universal liquid fuel boilers on sale without burners. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a burner for diesel or gas independently.

But when using liquid fuel heating boilers, a number of features must be taken into account:

1. Compared to gas boilers, fuel costs will increase significantly.
2. The purchase and installation costs are higher than other types of heating.
3. On the site near the house, it is necessary to leave space for the installation of a large-sized container for storing fuel supplies.
4. In order to prevent the specific smell of diesel fuel and the noise from the operation of burners in the living quarters in the house, installation heating equipment best done in a separate building.
5. Since the burner needs the operation of automation and pumps powered by electricity, provide for the installation of a backup generator to organize smooth operation.
6. For the stable operation of liquid fuel boilers, only good quality fuel is required.

For convenience, the table summarizes the estimated characteristics of heating boilers, different types fuel:

Heating systems diagrams

The water heating system can be organized in two types:

• Single-circuit;
• Double-circuit.

And according to the principle of movement, systems are:

1. One-pipe;
2. Two-pipe;
3. Collector;
4. Leningrad.

Single pipe

The one-pipe heating system is installed in series - one radiator after another. A significant drawback of this system is immediately apparent from the diagram. The coolant, passing from one radiator to another, begins to cool down. With a less intensive circulation of water in distant radiators, it not only gives off the entire remainder of the temperature to the metal, but also slowly flows into the return line.

Thus, if the number of radiators for heating is too large, then the last radiator may be generally cold.

In addition, such a heating system is not practical to repair. To repair one radiator, you have to stop all heating in a private house.

Conclusion! In one-pipe heating systems, the circuit cannot be extended indefinitely.

Two-pipe

In a two-pipe heating system, maintenance is much easier. Hot water is supplied to the radiator along one line of the pipeline, and through the other pipe (waste water) it flows back to the boiler. Radiators in this circuit are connected in parallel.

For ease of operation and repair, each pipe is mounted with a shut-off valve. Here, too, the water at the last radiator in the system will be colder, but much hotter than in a one-pipe system.

Collector

The figure shows that the supply and return system for each heating radiator is organized independently of each other. A significant plus in such a system is the ability to coordinate the temperature in any room separately. It is also very convenient to repair any section of the pipeline and each radiator separately.

To date, all experts have recognized the collector heating system as the most progressive.

But there are also disadvantages:

• Requires the installation of a manifold cabinet;
• Cost-sensitive pipe consumption for the installation of the heating system.

Leningradskaya

The more advanced one-pipe system, which, combined with ease of installation and low cost, is still very popular today.

Despite the fact that the Leningrad heating system began to be introduced many years ago, it is now successfully used in construction multi-storey buildings... Such a system has the main feature - simplicity. For the device of such a system, you can have a minimum of knowledge and get along with a minimum amount of materials than in two-pipe systems. In addition, such a system has the ability to control each radiator in the system.

System installation

After the choice of the heating system has been made, the most correct step is to contact the design office. Having in hand a project of work and drawings, you can purchase and store necessary materials, monitoring and control devices, component parts.

Installation begins with the choice of the installation site for the heating boiler. If combustion products are released during the operation of the boilers, optimal solution there will be a separate boiler house construction. It is possible to place the boiler room in the basement, provided that there is good ventilation and sound insulation.

The boiler itself is installed at such a distance from the walls that there is always free access to it for maintenance.

Floor and wall covering near the boiler must be made of fireproof materials. A chimney system is installed from the boiler to the street.

The following steps for the installation of the heating system will be carried out according to the project:

• Installation of a circulation pump;
• Distribution manifold assembly;
• Measuring instruments;
• Manual or automatic adjustment devices.

After the completion of the installation of the boiler, they proceed to work on the installation of main pipelines, according to the selected heating scheme, to the places where the radiators will be installed. In residential buildings, it will be necessary to make passages for pipelines in the walls and partitions. Based on the selected material, the pipes are connected to each other by previously prepared elements.

Installation work is completed with the installation of radiators. Typically, the installation adheres to the following conditions:

1. Distance from the floor - 12 cm;
2. The distance from the walls is up to 5 cm.

Stop valves, temperature sensors and other adjusting elements are installed on the pipes at the entrance and exit of the radiators.

Completes assembly work - pressure testing of the entire system.

Boiler connection

Connecting the installed boiler to the heating system as follows:

1. The piping system laid through the house is connected to the outlets on the boiler.
2. As a rule, shut-off valves that cut off from the general system are installed at the joints.
3. For the operation of electrical devices, wires and a ground loop are connected.
4. Installation of safety valves, thermostats and other devices (installed before installing shut-off valves).
5. For gas heating boilers - connection to the gas pipeline.
6. Filling the heating system with water.
7. Pressurizing the system with high pressure. Along the way, leaks in the system are identified and eliminated.
8. Pressure relief in pipes to working.

Important! When starting up a gas boiler for the first time, a representative of the gas company must be present.

Modern market building materials offers a large selection of pipes from a variety of materials for the installation of a heating system.

Of course, with sufficient welding skills, you can opt for the usual steel pipesoh. But why, in advance, doom yourself to a guaranteed repair of the system due to the fact that the pipes will be subject to corrosion?

If there is a desire to use either copper or stainless pipes, then it can only be approved if the owner is not limited in financial resources and is not afraid of certain difficulties in installation. These pipes are the most expensive, but they are not afraid high blood pressure and high temperature.

The most inexpensive option is polypropylene pipes. But it must be borne in mind that the joints with the fittings are carried out by the soldering method, and if the heating of the joint is insufficient, this place will certainly flow. And if overheated, it is possible to overlap the inner section with molten material.

Recently, polyethylene or metal plastic pipes are very popular. Installation is quite simple, provided that the joints are made on pressed fittings. They can be laid under the flooded floors when installing a "warm floor" system.

With a large selection of modern radiators, it is at least not rational to opt for traditional cast-iron radiators (). Due to their low thermal conductivity, they have lost their former popularity.

Aluminum radiators

In addition to high heat dissipation, aluminum radiators are very lightweight.

Due to the fact that they have a variety of center distances (350-500mm), the installation of the heating system is very easy. Aluminum radiators have a number of advantages that distinguish them favorably from other heating devices:

• High heat dissipation;
• Lightweight construction;
• High working pressure (18 atm.);
• Nice design.

Bimetal radiators

Systems of this type combine the advantages of both sectional (made of aluminum alloys) and tubular (made of steel):

• Increased strength (up to 40 atmospheres);
• Long service life (up to 20 years);
• Nice design;
• A high level of heat transfer.

Steel panel radiators

Main advantage steel radiators - in a quick response to temperature drops in the coolant.

They instantly heat up and also cool down rapidly. Such properties have a significant impact on energy saving.

A large area of \u200b\u200bstamped steel panels has a positive effect on high heat transfer, and the presence of a ribbed surface increases the area of \u200b\u200bthe heater. These qualities increase the comfort and efficiency of heating.

Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators

The decision to completely replace the heating system has been made. The main elements of the system have been selected, it remains to solve the question - how much power can the radiators themselves produce?

It is this indicator that is actually the most important in determining the properties of the heating system.
Let us take, for example, a room with an area of \u200b\u200b10 m² with a ceiling height of 3 m. The volume of the room is 10x3 \u003d 30 m³, respectively.

But this indicator does not fully describe the characteristics of the radiator. It is known from the standards that a heating radiator with an output power of at least 40 watts is required to heat 1m³ of a room.

The result is: 30x40 \u003d 1200 watts.

For insurance, you can add 15-20%. This is exactly the amount of heat needed to heat such a room. As you can see, the calculations are quite simple and you can do them yourself before going to the store.

When we figured out the power of the radiator, it remains to choose the method of connecting it to the mains, which is carried out in several ways, as in the figure:

Lateral connection of heating batteries is used when installing to risers. If the main pipes are laid under floor covering or at floor level - diagonal.

As you can see from the figure, these two connection methods maximize the use of the entire battery surface.

Finds its supporters and lower versatile way of connecting. The figure shows that with this direction of hot water, it is impossible to effectively warm up the entire space of the radiator.

Errors during installation

Shortcomings and mistakes in installation work are not uncommon. Their description is a topic for a separate article, but the most common ones can be distinguished:

• Illiterate selection of a heat source;
• Defects in the boiler circuit;
• Incorrectly selected heating system;
• The careless attitude of the installers.

Choosing a boiler with insufficient power is the most common mistake.

The desire to save on the cost of the boiler, but at the same time to power up not only the heating system, but also to organize the supply of hot water, will lead to the fact that the heat generator will not be able to provide the house with a sufficient amount of heat.

All elements and devices in the boiler piping must be installed in accordance with their functional properties. For example, it is recommended to insert a pump on the return lines of pipelines and do not forget to take into account the horizontal position of the pump shaft.

With an incorrectly selected heating system, there is a risk of additional alterations. So if you "hang" more than five radiators on a one-pipe system, most often the rest will not heat at all.

A flaw in the installation with your own hands can be cited examples of poorly exposed slopes, not welded connections, or the installation of improperly selected shut-off valves.

For example, if you confuse the installation locations of the valves on the pipes in front of the inlet (ordinary tap) and at the outlet of the radiator (water supply control valve). It also happens that the installation of pipes in the floor occurs without mandatory insulation, so that the water does not cool down on the way to the radiator.

On this, a small overview of how to make heating a private house, you can finish. Now, the whole complex of those activities that must be carried out by the owner of the house with their own hands is described so that expensive work does not go to waste, but pleases with comfort and warmth throughout the house for a long time.

Watch the video:

Heating design

Construction country house is a serious and difficult matter. A lot of trouble, a lot of time is spent, a lot of money, but we strive even outside the city, far from the fruits of civilization, to live with dignity and comfort, not considering ourselves deprived. Therefore, not only the house itself, its volume, the shape of the structure, the number of rooms and utility rooms have great importance... All known engineering structures must be taken into account. Therefore, the question of how to properly make heating in a private house sounds very relevant today.

It should be noted right away that heating is a fairly costly part of the budget allocated for building a house. Practice shows that it requires up to 20% of all money spent, so we can say that this system is not only expensive, but also quite complex.

Of course, large financial costs can be avoided if more in simple ways heating of premises. And the choice is wide enough. For example, you can install electric heaters in each room, choosing them according to the power that ensures normal living.

Heating a log house

You can install electric convectors - a great option. But keep in mind one point that concerns the supply of electricity to suburban villages. Power outages are common here, especially in winter, so you shouldn't rely on electricity.

There is an option with installing a fireplace or stove that can be heated different kinds fuel. For example, firewood, coal, diesel fuel, gas and the same electricity. But again, gas is a luxury that is not available in all villages. There are many problems with diesel fuel, since you will have to organize the supply through the pipeline and ensure its reliable storage.

The easiest way is with wood and coal, but there are many drawbacks here. To maintain the required temperature in the rooms, you will have to constantly add fuel to the furnace, keeping the fire going, which is not very convenient.

Therefore, the ideal option is water heating with the installation of radiators and a boiler. And then the question arises of how to make water heating so that the house warms up evenly, even if it has several floors.

Heating schemes for a private house

Let's start the analysis of water heating with its schemes and immediately determine that there are only two schemes:

• Single-circuit;
• Double-circuit.

What are their differences from each other? Firstly, we immediately note that the first option is best used only for one-story buildings. But the second one is suitable for any country houses.

One-pipe heating scheme

One-pipe heating scheme

One-pipe heating system is the simplest and lowest cost. Everything is very simple here. The pipe, along which the coolant will move, departs from the heating boiler and connects all heating radiators in series. After that, she returns to the cauldron. The circle is closed, that is, the movement of the coolant occurs in a closed cycle.

A good circuit in which there is one enough important nuance, or rather, a minus. In such a system, which is installed in sequential order, the radiators closer to the boiler will always have more high temperaturethan those farther away. That is, the air in distant rooms will always be cooler. Of course, you can look at this from the other side, because different people live in the family, for whom the coolness even in winter is bliss.

Two-pipe heating system

Two-pipe heating system

The two-pipe system is more complex, and besides, building it will have to fork out. Two pipes are diverted from the boiler at once. One by one, the coolant rises up to the heating batteries, and the other returns to the boiler. It seems to be the same as in the first case, only the radiators are not installed in series. But as?

The scheme is as follows. A pipe is diverted from the boiler through which hot water rises. This pipe is usually taken out to atticwhere the wiring is done. That is, each battery has its own individual pipe. It is now clear that all radiators will have the same temperature.

Further, a branch is made from each radiator, which is connected to a pipe called "return". It is through it that the coolant returns back to the boiler. The return flows through all rooms where heating radiators are installed. I usually lay it under the floor or hide it in the walls. If this is not possible, then you can attach it to the wall surface.

In this scheme, as practice shows, you need pipes located in the attic. Therefore, experts recommend installing a heating manifold. What it is?

This is a special device that allows you to regulate the supply of coolant to each radiator. It consists of a pipe structure, where the main pipe protrudes with a diameter of 50 millimeters, it includes a hot water supply pipe. A shut-off device, for example, a valve, must be installed between them.

Pipes that connect to radiators extend from this pipe. Here, shut-off valves are also installed on each circuit. This system allows you to control and regulate the temperature in each individual room.

Dead-end heating system

There is another scheme that specialists do not always use. It is called a dead end. In it, the pipes coming out of the boiler lead in parallel. From each circuit, two branches are led to the batteries: one to the upper inlet is a pipe with hot water, the second to the lower inlet is to the return. This is a very economical scheme, works well, but has not caught on.

Nuances of water heating

What should you pay attention to when installing the heating system? First of all, you have to decide on the type. There are two types that differ from each other only in the presence of a circulation pump.

If it is not in the heating circuit, then it is a gravity system. How is it beneficial, and what disadvantages?

• First, it's a cheap option.
• Secondly, there is no need to use electricity to run the pump.
• Thirdly, any type of boiler can be used.

But the disadvantages of this scheme are slightly more:

• low efficiency, which means that the efficiency of the system is lower.
• uneven distribution of the coolant.
• a more costly event, because you will have to install an expansion tank and use metal pipes. And metal is more expensive than plastic, plus gas welding, which is also not cheap.

Many people may ask the question, why are metal pipes necessary? The thing is that with such a system, you will have to supply a coolant with a higher temperature, and the plastic may not withstand it. This is especially true of the area near the boiler.

With a circulating pump, things are different. It's over effective method distribution of hot water throughout the heating system. In addition, fuel consumption can be reduced by evenly supplying heat. And this is already saving. Added to this is the fact that the diameter of the pipes used can be reduced. For example, in a system with natural circulation, it is necessary to install pipes for wiring with a diameter of 25 millimeters, for a riser 32 millimeters. In the forced system, respectively, 20 and 25. Also savings.

Heating "warm floor"

Can I use given view as the main? Yes. Today, all experts unanimously say that "warm floor" is a very effective scheme. It is not only low-cost and easy to install and operate, but also economical. In addition, with its help, it is possible to create very comfortable conditions inside the premises, which have a good effect on human health and well-being.

No convection, always warm floors that you can walk barefoot, no need to cover them with expensive carpets and constantly clean them.

In all respects it is the most efficient form of heating in private homes today. In addition, the "warm floor" system can be installed under almost any floor materials - whether ceramic tile, parquet or laminate.

Here it is important to take into account the coefficient bandwidth heat of the flooring. For example, a tile has a higher level, which means there is no need to use a powerful system. Wood floors have less of it, so you should take this into account and install more frequent contours, thereby increasing the heat transfer of the system.

An important condition is to choose the correct scheme and to carry out the installation correctly. Any mistake, even a small one, will cause the heating to work poorly. Therefore, the recommendations of specialists will have to be taken into account if all work is done by hand.

Conclusion

We insulate the house

So, answering the question of how to properly make heating in a private house, you can come to the following conclusion. The most important thing is to choose the right scheme when it comes to water heating. But keep in mind that in such a matter as installing a heating system in a country house, there are no trifles. Everything is important here: the type of heating boiler, and the type of radiators, and the pipes used in the scheme, and shut-off valves, and even the type of fuel on which the boiler will operate. After all, even this will depend on the budget. Why?

Judge for yourself. If liquid fuel is used, then a separate room for storing diesel fuel will have to be arranged for it. And here you need to adhere to fire regulations. If coal or firewood is used, then they will also have to be stored either under a canopy or in a separate room. That is, there are more problems with such fuels.

Similar posts

Water acts as a carrier, and its heat capacity is 4000 times higher than that of air, and it belongs to the cheapest and most accessible resources. But there is, and not one, fly in the ointment. The installation process cannot be classified as simple, but if you plan to install a gas boiler, then you need an appropriate permit, plan, etc. In addition, work can only be carried out at the construction stage. And if you need to organize floor heating, then the scheme becomes even more complicated.

Such heating also requires constant monitoring. If you are going to leave the house for a long period in winter, then the carrier should be drained. Otherwise, at sub-zero temperatures, it will turn into ice and simply break the pipeline. Everyone knows that water contains various impurities that contribute to the corrosion of metal elements that any system contains. And salt deposits on the inside of the pipes prevent free flow and impair heat transfer. And finally, if you do not install a special drain valve, air locks can occur in the system. They also significantly reduce efficiency.

2 Types of structures for heating the house

Heating with water as a medium has a very simple principle of operation, and its design consists of three main units: a heating element (boiler), a pipeline through which the liquid passes, and radiators. The latter heat up and give off heat to the environment. The coolant gradually cools down and, having passed the circle through the system, returns back to the boiler, and the cycle repeats again.

There are two ways to regulate the microclimate. The first is to set the boiler to the desired temperature, the second is to change the flow rate of the coolant in a specific radiator using a special tap. They are installed at the input of each battery. In addition, there is an automatic regulation by means of a thermostat. If a two-pipe system is installed in the house, then a bypass must be installed in front of each tap or thermostat.

Also, systems are divided into natural and forced. In the first case, heating functions independently of electricity, and the design itself is extremely simple. The liquid flows through the pipes due to the temperature difference without the aid of any pump. Hot water has a lower density and weight, therefore it tends upward, and when it cools down, it compresses and returns back to the heater. Minuses:

• a large number of pipes;
• the diameter of the pipeline must ensure natural circulation;
• it is impossible to use modern radiators with a small cross-section.

In forced systems, the circulation of the coolant occurs due to the operation of the pump, and all excess liquid enters the expansion tank. A pressure gauge is provided to control the pressure. The advantages include a small flow rate of the coolant. You can also install pipes of any diameter, including small ones. The system is highly efficient. There is only one drawback - the dependence of the pump on electricity.

3 What can be the layout?

We already know the types of water heating systems for private houses, but before considering the features of installation with our own hands, we should talk in more detail about the schemes: discuss what they are, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each option. The layout can be top or bottom, horizontal and vertical, or combined.

There are one-pipe systems in which heating devices are connected in series, and the liquid passes through each of them in turn. Naturally, it gradually cools down, and in order to compensate for this temperature difference, resistors with a large number of sections should be installed at the end of the line. In two-pipe systems, the devices are connected to the riser in parallel. Advantages - fast temperature regulation and more uniform heating of the housing. The manifold arrangement of pipes is characterized by the presence of two connected pipelines (supply and return). In this case, full control of all batteries is possible.

The water heating scheme, popular in private houses, deserves attention, which includes additional floor heating, and by doing the installation of such a system with your own hands, you get very tangible savings. In this case, radiators can act as main heating elements or additional ones.

If the underfloor heating system does not function in the entire house, but only in some areas, then a thermostatic valve must be installed in each individual circuit. This device reduces the temperature of the fluid returning from the system. The thermostatic head reacts to the temperature of the water, and if it is too hot, the valve is closed. When the location of the warm floor is far from the collector, special valves should be preferred. They can be placed in a wall box and, thanks to their design features, are easy to connect. A de-airing valve is also installed together. This method is good if the area of \u200b\u200bthe warm floor does not exceed 15 squares.

But when the house is heated mainly by means of underfloor heating, and radiators perform only an additional role, then the system consists of two separate functioning units. Each subsystem must be equipped with a pump. To reduce the temperature of the heating medium below the floor surface, a three-way mixing valve must be used. This device also regulates the heating power. And the thermostats installed on them monitor the heating of the radiators.

Components

Let's briefly consider what a boiler, batteries and pipes can be. The types of heating units, depending on the fuel used, are gas, electric, and combined. The favorite among these options can rightfully be called gas devices. Water boilers come with a pump (for forced scheme heating a private house) or without it (natural circulation), and both types can be easily installed with your own hands. The double-circuit unit has proven itself perfectly, providing not only heat in the house, but also hot water.

Radiators are divided into steel, cast iron, bimetallic and aluminum.

They will please with the price, but at the same time they are prone to corrosion, and if you plan to drain the coolant, then the operating period will be significantly reduced. Cast iron, on the other hand, can be said to be an eternal material. It heats up for a long time, but also keeps warm long time... But the large weight, not too attractive appearance and high cost have significantly reduced the popularity of this material. Cast iron batteries were replaced by aluminum ones. Their appearance is very attractive, they heat up quickly and are resistant to corrosion. However, aluminum does not tolerate sudden pressure drops. Bimetallic resistors are famous for their excellent heat transfer, however, anti-corrosion properties remain the same as those of aluminum.

The steel pipeline has lost its former glory due to its short operational life. It was replaced by modern polypropylene. Easy installation, the ability to create a "one-piece" structure, acceptable cost and reliability - all these are indisputable advantages. Good characteristics are also copper pipes, but their cost is far from affordable for everyone.

Step 3: boiler

Water heating in a private house is built in such a way that the medium is heated by a boiler. This scheme is the most optimal in the absence of a centralized supply. Therefore, when choosing a place where to install a boiler, one should take into account the location of the gas pipeline inlet or the presence of electrical wiring. If we are talking about a solid fuel unit, then it is necessary to carry out additional installation of the chimney. If you prefer the natural circulation of the coolant, then position the heating unit so that the return line is as low as possible.In this case, the basement is ideal.

Step 4: Installing the radiators

The batteries are placed under windows or near doorways. The fastening design depends on the material of the resistors and the number of sections. The heavier they are, the more reliable fixation they need. A gap of at least 10 cm should be left between the radiators and the window sills, the floor should be more than 6 cm. Installing on each element shut-off valves, you will be able to regulate the amount of coolant in the batteries, and the air valve will help to avoid unwanted traffic jams.

Step 5: Layout

The boiler will be the starting point for piping installation. In this case, one should adhere to the scheme chosen and sketched on paper. If pipes are visible, then we are talking about open wiring. On the one hand, the aesthetic side suffers, but on the other hand, any leak will remain visible, and in order to replace the damaged element, you do not need to disassemble the box. The pipeline can also be hidden, walled up in the wall, made of plasterboard cladding, etc. At this stage, the batteries are connected, additional equipment (pump, filters, safety unit, expansion tank, etc.).

One stove is not enough to heat a country cottage where people live all year round. A popular solution is water heating in a private house, a combination of a stove (boiler) with a pipeline. It should not be confused with steam heating: different heating medium, there are serious differences in the device, other requirements for the pipe material.

Water systems are classified:

• by the type of coolant circulation - natural, combined, forced;
• by the design of the expansion tank - open or closed;
• according to the wiring diagram - horizontal, vertical, top, bottom, as well as two-pipe, one-pipe and beam (collector).

What components does the system consist of?

Heat generator - furnace or boiler

In a furnace for water heating of a house, the capacity of the heat exchanger is placed above the firebox, from there the heated liquid enters the pipeline.

Types of boilers:

• solid fuel (coal, pellets, wood, peat);
• diesel (liquid fuel);
• gas (main gas or liquefied in cylinders);
• on electricity (heating elements, electrolysis, induction);
• combined (diesel + gas, gas + firewood, etc.);
• universal - several furnaces for different types of fuel.

The wiring almost does not depend on the type of heating element, there are features only in the piping of the boilers themselves. Any kind of stoves for a house with water heating are suitable - brick (Russian, Swedish, Dutch), steel and cast iron (potbelly stoves).

Pipes

• Steel. They are connected mechanically or welded. Minus: when water freezes, pipes may burst;
• Reinforced plastic. Connected with fittings only. Installation of the pipeline - in an open way, otherwise it will be difficult to get to the place of leakage in case of repair;
• Polypropylene. Mostly welded, concealed installation is possible. Easy to tolerate freezing and defrosting. Minus: not used on all parts of the chain. In the piping of the boiler, for supplying gas to the gas furnace, only metal pipes are suitable for the chimney, because they have higher maximum permissible temperatures;
• Copper. Absolutely reliable, almost eternal, but fabulously expensive.

Expansion tank

Serves for pressure compensation in the pipeline.

Depending on the tank design, the entire system is called closed or open:

• In the open model, the outlet is connected to the atmosphere, the container is not tight. This tank is not suitable for forced circulation pipelines;
• In the closed model, the container is divided into two compartments by a flexible membrane. In the lower part there is a hot coolant, in the upper part - compressed gas under pressure. The container is completely sealed, suitable for any method of circulation of the coolant.

Diaphragm tank device

Radiators

Batteries differ in the number of sections (the surface area that gives off heat depends on their number) and the material of manufacture:

• steel;
• aluminum;
• bimetallic radiators (steel core, aluminum surface);
• cast iron.

In addition to radiators, warm floors (water) can be used in all schemes.

Control devices, fittings and security group

• manometers;
• air valves;
• temperature control valves;
• shut-off valves;
• mayevsky cranes.

Hydraulic storage tank

A sealed container into which the heated water from the heat exchanger enters. Not always used. For example, with electric boilers, if the network operates with a two-tariff meter: at night (when energy is cheaper), a heated liquid accumulates in the tank, and during the day the heat is spent on water heating at home.

Natural circulation system

It is based on the principle of convection: the heated liquid rises up, gives energy to the batteries and, when cooled down, goes down.

The line is installed at a slope (up to five degrees or 1 centimeter per linear meter) from the heat exchanger to the batteries. The return (a pipe through which the cooled liquid flows) is connected to the battery at the lowest point.

Attention: for installation polypropylene pipes oblique grooves should be made.

An open expansion tank can be used in this arrangement. It is installed at the highest point in the chain, for example in the attic. If the attic is unheated, measures must be taken to insulate the tank.

Natural circulation circuit

The heat generator should be placed as low as possible - in the basement, under the floor. If this does not work (for example, a furnace is used as a heat source, the heat exchanger tank is located high), forced circulation is recommended.

Forced circulation circuit

Here, circulation water pumps are included in the circuit to heat the house. The pump is often placed on the return line near the boiler (furnace), where the cooled liquid returns to the heat exchanger. Less often - at the outlet of the boiler. A quick-detachable connection ("American") is used in case of emergency dismantling. Can be installed on any pipe, including risers. But the rotor axis of rotation must be oriented horizontally.

A cleaning filter is placed in front of the pump. On both sides there are shut-off valves to shut off the flow if necessary.

Attention! The pump is powered by the mains. Regardless of the type of boiler, in the event of a power failure, the circulation stops.

The expansion tank can be combined with a hydraulic accumulator. When installing a plastic (and metal-plastic) pipeline, it is better to use a tank with a pumped storage action. The standard pressure in the tank corresponds to the pressure in the pipeline (approx. One and a half atmospheres). A security group is required.

Scheme with forced movement of the coolant

Combined heating system

Combined water heating systems for a private house combine the features of both previous types:

• The wiring is mounted as in the first case - from metal (preferably) pipes, with a slope;
• A membrane expansion tank is used.

The pump is connected to the mains by means of a bypass - a bypass pipe. The bypass and mains are equipped with shut-off valves. You can operate such a pipeline in any way:

• Turn on forced circulation when you need to quickly warm up the house;
• Turn off to save electricity when there is no need to intensify the hot flow;
• In case of emergency power outages, the pipeline will continue to work on natural circulation.

Ready-made units consisting of pumps and bypasses are sold in stores:

Pump with bypass and shut-off valves

What is the difference between the upper wiring and the lower

With top routing, hot liquid is driven up the riser. From there it goes down to the batteries. The supply pipe is connected to the battery in its upper part, the outlet pipe - in the lower one.

This option is possible only if there is a circulation pump in the circuit. Recommended for buildings with two or more floors.

In the lower circuit, both pipes are connected to the battery at the bottom. The layout is suitable for single-storey cottages.

There are also vertical and horizontal wiring diagrams.

In the first case, the supply of hot liquid to the radiators is carried out through the risers. This option was previously used in multi-storey buildings of urban development, now such water heating of a private house is sometimes found in two-storey cottages.

In the horizontal scheme, there is only one riser. Pipes radiate from it along the floors. This option is more common now. It is more rational: in case of an accident, you can turn off the water on only one floor.

Top routing. 1- boiler, 2 and 3 - hot line, 4 - battery connections, 5 - battery outlets, 6 - cold line, 7 - expansion tank

What wiring is better for a private house

One-pipe system (so-called Leningrad) consists of one main line. The water sequentially goes through the entire circuit and returns to the boiler along the same line.

The disadvantage of this scheme is the uneven heating of the premises: the further along the chain the coolant moves, the more it cools. The installation of thermostatic valves on the batteries partly solves this problem. They provide partial or complete shut-off of the hot water flow to individual batteries, while the heated water moves on and transfers to the next devices large quantity heat.

In a two-pipe scheme, a coolant is supplied through the first line, and a cooled liquid flows down the second.

The most suitable scheme water heating of a private house - collector (radial). Water from the heating tank enters the collector. From the collector "rays" - pipes are diverging. Each battery has its own supply, directly from the collector.

Conclusion

It is problematic to make your own water heating in a private house:

• welding of polypropylene or steel pipes - it cannot be done without professional tools and skills;
• a certain difficulty is the competent calculation of the thermal efficiency of the system, taking into account the layout of the house. The choice of suitable technology, type of boiler and type of wiring depends on the calculated data.

For a reliable, economical and efficient heating system, it is better to use the services of professionals.

Video: heating a private house with your own hands

The entire process of creating a water heating system in a private house consists of certain stages, the successive implementation of which will lead to the solution of the task at hand - to make water heating with your own hands.

What needs to be done? Studying ...

Types of water heating systems

Today water heating systems "own" up to 90 percent of the "heated territory" of private houses. The rest of the territory uses stove, electric, air heating.

Water heating systems

• radiator;
• warm floor system;
• baseboard heating.

Water heating radiators are a familiar element of the interior of most houses and apartments. Their "family" is inhabited by: steel, cast iron, bimetallic and aluminum radiators.

The advantage of such devices is proudly excellent heat transfer, and the disadvantage is the increased "exactingness" of such radiators to the quality and type of heat carrier.

Radiator water heating in a private house in a garage or in a country house "on the shoulder" can be done by a person who is in the slightest degree adapted to technical work and who wants to learn something new.

Read about what types of water heating radiators should be chosen for a private house in the article: "Which heating radiators are better?"

Water system "warm floor"

A water floor can be viewed as an addition or alternative to a radiator heating system.

The advantages of such a system lie in a large heat transfer area - in fact, the entire floor can be conventionally called a large radiator, which, moreover, heats the air in the room correctly: the warm zone is below, and the cooler one is above.

This allows you to reduce the operating temperature of the coolant, which for a warm water floor should not exceed 55 ° C, and heat output square meter set within the required limits by changing the pitch of the heating pipe. The main disadvantages of such a floor are the relative laboriousness of installation (creating a concrete screed, "nesting" the pipe in wooden floor) and the impossibility of making such a system with the completed repair - it is necessary either to raise the floor (more precisely, its level) or to deepen. But what if the door frames and doors are already installed, and below there is a concrete floor slab or? ..

And now the heating systems are… skirting!

What is it and what is it with? An "exotic" plinth heating system is a cross between a radiator heating system and a warm floor, or rather similar to this and that.

Heating equipment is installed along the perimeter of the room at the level of the plinth, which allows evenly warming up the walls and the floor, and, accordingly, the air in the room.

Advantages - the absence of bulky radiators in the interior, and the color range of plinth systems allows you to choose them for any style of your home.

Having considered the undeniable advantages and obvious disadvantages of various heating systems, you need to decide on the type of water heating system in your own home. As mentioned above, when finishing work on doorways and floors, it may be impractical to make a warm floor, but it is easy and convenient to install radiators or use baseboard heating systems. Construction is in full swing - think also about warm water floors.

What should be included in a water heating system?

The scheme of water heating of a private house, it is also liquid, involves the use of a liquid coolant in the system, which "delivers" heat from the heating boiler to radiators or warm floorconstantly circulating in the system.

In other words, the coolant "runs in a circle", heating up in the boiler and giving off its heat in heating devices.

To ensure the operation of such a system, many other equipment is used, which makes the operation of the system more flexible (differentiated heating of various zones), safe (protection against overpressure and coolant leakage from the system), automate the process of home heating control.

The block diagram of a water heating system looks like this:

Water heating systems can be:

• with natural circulation of the coolant;
• with forced circulation of the coolant.

Systems with natural circulation of the heat carrier

In a system with natural circulation of the coolant, the phenomenon of the density difference between the heated and cold liquid (coolant) in the supply and return pipes, respectively, acts as a driving force.

When the coolant in the boiler is heated, its density decreases, and it is displaced up the vertical pipe, displaced by a denser cold liquid returning through the return pipe.

In this case, the coolant travels from the boiler along the vertical riser to expansion tank open type, spreads further along horizontal risers along the heating radiators and returns to the boiler through the return pipe.

In such systems, important parameters are: the diameter of the pipes (especially the central supply riser), as well as their slope.

The advantage of such a system can be called its non-volatility (when using a simple solid fuel boiler), and in the list of disadvantages we will name the lack of the ability to regulate the heating modes of various rooms, increased fuel consumption, the need to use metal pipes large diameter.

Systems with forced circulation of the coolant

Such a system is complemented by a circulation pump, which "forcibly" creates a driving force applied to the coolant.

Here, too, the coolant, being heated in the boiler, moves through the pipes under the action of the pump, heading towards the heating devices.

The advantages of such a system include the possibility of separate and flexible (differentiated) regulation of the power of each radiator or underfloor heating using manual or automatic valves, which makes it possible to use energy resources more economically for the operation of the boiler. In such a system, plastic pipes can be used, which significantly reduces the cost of materials and facilitates installation work, and the plastic pipes themselves can be "hidden" in the walls.

The disadvantage of such a system is only its "energy dependence" on the presence of electricity in the house to ensure the operation of the pump. In some cases use combined system heating.

Installation options for water heating systems

If an unprepared person considers all the existing options for installing water heating systems, especially with natural circulation, he can "drown" in the abundance of information.

Within the framework of this article, we will focus on the most commonly used installation scheme for water heating, available for repetition by a person without experience of such work.

The most effective today is considered to be water heating in a private house, made according to a two-pipe installation system for water heating, in which the "hot" liquid is supplied through one (supply) pipe, and the "cold" liquid is discharged through the other (return).

This scheme allows you to connect heating devices (radiators, underfloor heating circuits) in parallel with independent manual or automatic (the thermostat is "nada" here, however) regulation of the fluid flow passing through them. In such heating systems, it is convenient to use special devices - a collector, to which all "consumers" of heat are connected.

For more information about installation systems for heating water systems, see the article "Heating scheme of a private house"

Boiler options for a private house

All this assembled multimeter set of pipes and radiators will remain useless without the "heart" of the heating system - the boiler. This is one of (if not the only) expensive heating system object.

The choice of the boiler is carried out according to the fuel available in the region where your home is located: natural gas, electricity, solid fuel etc. The most cost-effective and easy-to-maintain boiler is a natural gas boiler.

More information about gas boilers in the article:. And also read: "What do you need to know?"

Electric is also simple and automated, but it "eats" your money very quickly when paying for electricity that is more expensive than natural gas.

There is enough information about electric boilers in the article: “Electric boiler: what you need to know?

There is no access to the gas main, weak "input" of the power line into the house - then there is only one way out! That is, two ... Or a solid fuel boiler (firewood, coal, briquettes, pellets)! Or a boiler for liquid fuel (diesel fuel)! Just a warning, think about the fuel storage room and the time spent next to the solid fuel boiler when refueling in the absence of an automatic fuel supply system.

Learn more about solid fuel boilers You can read in the article: Solid fuel heating boilers.

Calculation of water heating also includes determining the required boiler power, calculating hydraulic resistance systems for selecting the power of the circulation pump, designing a chimney, installing water heating with an expansion tank and a security group.