The overall appearance of its facade largely depends on how harmoniously and beautifully it will be decorated. in the country can be made of the most different materials - poured from concrete, welded from metal or assembled from wood.
Basically, depending on this, methods of decorating them are chosen. Of course, the design features of the exterior of the building must also be taken into account. We will talk about what the design of the porch should be in this article.
Porch exterior and interior design
Country porches can have a very different design, and, accordingly, a very different design. Sometimes this is a small ladder in. Sometimes it is part of a large veranda or even a terrace that surrounds the building. The style of the porch, as already mentioned, directly depends on the style of the building itself:
What should be the style of a beautiful street staircase
Decoration of the porch of an elite class private house with design modern style often done using materials such as glass, plastic, and chromed metal. Street staircases of summer cottages in a classic style are usually. Sometimes forging is also used as a decoration. Houses designed in country style are often complemented by beautiful ones.
A beautiful porch of a private house. Photo of a wooden carved structure with columns
Idea: A carved staircase decorated in white color... A beautiful design in which wrought-iron patterns are used is a good choice for a chalet.Porch decoration wooden house, in the event that it is necessary to preserve the natural structure of the wood, it is performed using a special transparent oil instead of paint.
Original design ideas
Nice wooden porch. Photo of the construction, complemented by a stone parapet and flowers
In the design of this porch of the cottage, wood and natural stone were successfully combined. The modern lantern present in the decoration of the parapet only emphasizes the naturalness and extraordinary beauty of seemingly simple materials.
The original unusual design of concrete stairs:
Porch design brick house... Photo of a beautiful radial design
The design of this small street staircase, in spite of the absence of all kinds of decoration delights, is very elegant and at the same time strict. The architecture of the march itself is interesting here, and in particular the unusual shape of the steps.
In general, when choosing a design for a porch near the house, you just need to show a little imagination:
A beautiful porch of a private house can be decorated in different ways. Any outdoor staircase provides its owner with the broadest field for imagination in the design.
How to decorate a street staircase. Porch decoration
Arrangement of a porch in a private house. Step design
Arrangement of the porch of the cottage. Interestingly shaped polycarbonate forged visor
Wooden canopies can have not only a gable or shed, but also an arched or even domed shape.
Porch design with awning. Photo of a street staircase with a gable canopy
As for the shape itself, it is selected based on the design features of the roof. So combined with shed roof a single-slope visor will look good. Beautiful triangular canopies "houses", as well as arched structures, are suitable for gable roofs. The hipped roof will harmoniously look with a round domed or hipped hipped roof.
Original ideas for the design of steps, railings and a visor
The structural elements of the front porches of private houses can often be quite unusual. Look, for example, at this construction:
Unusually beautiful design in the Russian style with steps made of logs
This is certainly not a porch. But who prevents lovers of everything original and unusual from making the steps of a wooden street staircase near the house precisely from wide logs? A DIY march with such a design will turn out to be both beautiful and inexpensive.
Combining polycarbonate and you can make a visor over the porch of a very interesting, beautiful and unusual design:
The original porch with a canopy made of polycarbonate and forged elements
The design of the porch railings is also very unusual. The owners of one of the log houses decided to make their design so beautiful and original:
Very unusual design of the porch of a private house. Photo of a structure with a railing made of snags
Agree, the decoration is very original.
Drawing up a design project for a beautiful porch of a wooden or concrete house, consider factors such as the design features of the interior and exterior of the building itself, the material for making steps, handrails and a visor, the design of the courtyard, and also be guided by your own ideas about harmony and beauty. And then you will have not just a staircase at the entrance, but a real decoration of the facade, harmonious and stylish.
Having conceived to build according to an individual project, a private developer often finds that a disproportionately large share of the estimated costs falls on the porch, which is being built at the same time as the house. Designers and builders do not cheat here: unnecessary corners of the foundation and its ledge under the porch require in-depth calculations and technical measures to ensure uniform shrinkage of the structure. Therefore, in many cases it turns out to be advisable to build a house without a porch, and then attach a porch to it with your own hands. Moreover, the work is so feasible for a person with initial experience as an amateur builder or not at all, and a porch correctly attached to the house will not affect the strength of the building structure.
Material selection
The porch can be attached to the house brick, stone, concrete, wood or steel, welded from profiles or cold forged. Brick is undesirable: it is sprayed with natural soil chemistry, microflora and microfauna, which quickly destroy the material. It is for this reason that brick houses are built on a plinth with a height of 400 mm. A fully wrought or stone porch is difficult and expensive. It will be much easier and cheaper to build a porch of simple shapes and then revet it under a stone or the same brick, or decorate with overhead forged elements.
As for the aesthetic qualities of the remaining materials, the assertions that, they say, a concrete porch is needed to a concrete house, a wooden porch to a wooden one, are not substantiated. The houses in the photo below with a porch made of materials that do not seem to be combined with each other and with the main structural material of the building. However, it is immediately clear that they are combined. Technically, it is quite possible to attach a porch of any material to any home. What we are going to do.
Base
It is necessary to build a porch so that with seasonal ground movements and due to unequal shrinkage, the house and the porch do not affect each other. Cracks along the contours of the interface between the house and the porch are undesirable in any case, but in no case should they violate the structures of both. Suddenly, the crack still went, it is necessary to be able to close it up without starting complicated construction work.
The fulfillment of these conditions ensures a properly executed porch base. A private house and the subsequently attached porch to it must have separate foundations; this, generally speaking, general principle construction of extensions to a house that has already shrunk. The diagrams of the bases of the porches for different occasions are given in the figure, and we will analyze the ways of pairing the porch with the main structure along the way, because they are different for different porch materials.
Note: if the height slab foundation under the porch turns out to be more than 200 mm, then its reinforcement (see below) must be made 3-level. Replace unburied and columnar foundations masonry from ready-made concrete blocks, with rare exceptions (see below), is highly undesirable, since then, due to the low weight load, the base of the porch will turn out to be unstable.
Tree
A wooden porch looks great in any home and with any decorative design. The easiest way to build a porch is from wood. The base of a wooden porch also needs the simplest one to perform: a columnar or non-recessed foundation, see fig. The latter (on the right in the figure), in general, as they say, the song is one of 2 cases when ready-made concrete blocks - "bulls" 400x400x200 can be used. If the span of the stairs of the porch (see below) from a forty-board board is up to 900 mm, a pair of "bulls" will be enough. Span up to 1300 mm - the treads of the steps are reinforced from below with 40x40 lining beams. The span is larger - additional support blocks are needed.
3 fig. below are typical projects of wooden porches. Typical design of individual housing is carried out by studying the requests of developers, therefore, it is quite possible that you will find a porch here that is suitable for you. But most importantly, pay attention to the ways of connecting wooden parts.
The great advantage of a wooden porch is that it is able to "play" in accordance with the movements of the ground, while remaining tightly attached to the house. Therefore, a wooden porch does not need a particularly stable foundation. But there is no need to "tighten" the frame of the wooden porch either, it should walk a little, as it were on hinges, see fig. on right.
No special hinges are required; ordinary carpentry joints are sufficiently elastic and pliable for this. Each porch in fig. with the projects it has been done in such a way that it will play back the movements of the soil up to the heavily heaving, without transferring excessive stresses to the structure frame house... And the "skeleton" will withstand, and any other will.
Stairs
A staircase is the most difficult node of any porch, and a wooden staircase is more difficult to make than others. However, heavy long work is not required for this and a wooden staircase can be attached to any other porch. Therefore, it is from the stairs that you should start developing your own porch to the house.
Essential elements
The ladder, as you know, can be made in bowstrings and on kosoura (kosoura), see fig. At the stairs in bowstrings, the ends of the platforms of the degrees - the risers - are closed by the beams bearing the steps, and at the stairs on the kosoura the ends of the steps are free. It is preferable to make wooden stairs for outdoor use on kosoura so that moisture does not stagnate in the gap between the bowstring and the step and does not cause rotting of the wood.
The gap between the underside of the upper step and the tread of the lower one is called a riser; it can be open and closed (deaf). The steps of one span of the staircase, assembled in bowstrings or on kosoura, make up the staircase march. The overhang of the step above the riser (overhang of the step) allows you to increase the width of the tread, without reducing the angle of inclination of the march, and, accordingly, the departure of the stairs - the length of its projection onto the underlying surface. It is undesirable to give a step overhang of more than 30-40 mm, people will cling to it with their toes. To make the shoes less confused about the overhang, a dull riser is sometimes made beveled in front, flush to the front edge of the tread of the upper step.
Note: general diagrams of the device and fastening of wooden stairs are given on the next page. fig., and we will deal with the details further.
Payment
The outdoor staircase may be wet or icy. They often come up on it tired, chilled and wet. Therefore, the height of the steps of the external staircase should be kept optimal - 160-175 mm, and the angle of inclination of the march should be within 30-40 degrees. For the same reasons, the width of the tread is taken more than for internal stairs - 280-320 mm. It is not necessary to give it over 350, it will be inconvenient to rise. The span of the outer staircase, counting on walking in outer clothing, should, if possible, be taken no less than the inner staircase of the double passage, i.e. from 1300 mm.
Note: the slope of the march is calculated as arctan (h / w), where h is the height of the step, and w is the width of the tread without overhang.
Also, for the convenience of walking and reducing the likelihood of slipping, the stairs are designed so that a person descends from the last step with the same foot with which he stepped onto the first. Hence it follows that there must be an odd number of steps. According to these data, knowing the area outside the stairs, it is calculated. If the calculation does not converge in any way, you need, first, to "play" with the size of the overhang. In addition, the staircase leading to the porch often leads to the landing. This enables the upper last, the so-called. frieze step, do it already. Well, and there is often enough space in front of the house for the removal of the stairs to fit. Finally, you can vary the width of the platform, but if it comes out less than 750 mm, it is better to refuse the platform altogether.
Staircase on kosoura
The most important node of the staircase to the porch is its connection with the building. On the left in Fig. shows the ways of pairing stairs on kosoura without a platform. Pairing by pos. 1 (stringer with gash) is preferable for a wooden house, which also “plays” well and gives less shrinkage. Section of the platform beam (which in this case is attached to lower crown frame or log), 75x50 mm is enough here.
For fastening the stringer without gash (pos. 2 on the left), a platform beam from 100x50 mm in diameter is required. This is the preferred method for attaching stairs to stone and concrete structures. In any case, the tread face of the upper step should be located 50-60 mm below the top of the door sill, counting on further shrinkage of the house.
On the right in Fig. - methods of fastening the staircase to the site, depending on the width of the frieze step. If the platform is wooden (see below), then it will be a damper between the stairs and the building; in this case, the stringer can be fastened tightly to the platform beam, for example, with steel corners and self-tapping screws. Otherwise, the stringer is attached to the beam with a tie-in without gash.
The methods for attaching steps to the stringer are shown on the next page. fig. Fastening on filly and steel holders is laborious, but the good thing is that you can put a regular bar 150x50 or 150x75 on the stringers. Molded timber of greater width per cubic meter is significantly more expensive, because wood waste is great when sawing wood.
Note: the dowels in this case are just wooden dowels, not furniture dowels!
Area
A wooden staircase is usually a frame made of timber from 150x150. Support pillars, if they are wooden - from the same timber. If the width / length of the site exceeds 1.7 m, you need to install the cross-piece (s) also from a 150x150 bar. The beams of the frame strapping and cross-members at the joints are cut into half a tree.
The platform flooring is laid on 150x50 logs. The logs are placed parallel to the short side of the site with a step of up to 750 mm (under the flooring made of a forty board) and cut into the frame and crossbars also in half a tree. The floorboards should not be grooved, they will rot! The porch area is covered with boards with rounded corners with gaps of 2-3 mm for water drainage. Spacer boards for the installation of external wooden decking are commercially available, on the left in fig.
Note: in general, the entire porch should initially be designed so that the ends of the boards / beams are protected from direct exposure to moisture. It is better to immediately give a little excess and cut off than then break your head, what to do with rot. Example correct execution porch railing - on the right in fig.
Ladder in bowstrings
The staircase on the kosoura does not always match the chosen porch design. In this case, the ladder in the bowstrings must be designed in such a way that it is as stable as possible in external influences.
The general arrangement of a wooden ladder in bowstrings is shown in Fig. To do for bowstrings with pairs of boards narrower instead of one wide one, you can use the pads under the steps - surf - pos. and. The beads are cut out of wood-based panels that are resistant to external influences, for example. OSB. Their thickness, for steps from a forty and a half-ruble bowstring - from 18 mm.
Fastening the bowstrings with screw strands is the simplest and most reliable, but, you yourself understand - the pieces of iron stick out. The fastening with strands on steel wedges is quite reliable and invisible, however, bowstrings with a thickness of 75 mm or more are needed for it. Fastening on steel wedges is laborious and requires considerable carpentry skills: under the wedged thorns of strands with a height of 50 mm in bowstrings, you need to choose blind dovetail profile nests. When assembling the frame of the march, the bowstrings are strongly, but evenly and accurately, tapped with a wooden sledgehammer - a leopard. The whiskers of the thorns of the strands are then tightly wedged in the dovetails. Bowstrings for assembly on strands with steel wedges need oak, and strands (from 60x60 mm) - from high-quality straight-grained pine. Not larch, it is fragile!
Of great importance for the accuracy of assembling the stairs in the bowstrings is the accuracy of their marking under the steps. The main methods of installing (joining) steps in bowstrings are given in Fig.:
The rungs of the outer stairs in the bowstrings must be placed on backing bars or beads. This, firstly, reduces the possibility of moisture accumulation in the grooves under the treads / risers. Secondly, the frame of the march can be assembled and, if necessary, trimmed before installing the steps. Both make the manufacture of wooden stairs in bowstrings feasible for beginners.
The assembly diagram of the ladder in bowstrings "for dummies" is given on the next page. fig. In this way, a green novice joiner can even make beveled risers (shown in pale tone). On the right in Fig. - ways of attaching steps to it. Here it should be added to the above that it is not necessary to put treads on the steel corners in the outer staircase - they will flow with rust.
Metal porch
A porch made of metal is the second most popular after a wooden one. With their own hands, a steel porch is most often made for a summer residence: here the appearance, as they say, does not hit very hard, but the entire structure can be welded in advance in production conditions, brought and delivered ready-made. A steel porch without wrought iron decorations will cost less than a wooden one, not to mention concrete.
Due to its elasticity, metal structures are very little susceptible to damage from ground movements. But it is also capable of transferring large efforts to the construction of the building. Therefore, on soils of medium and stronger heaving, the steel porch must be made floating, like a concrete monolithic (see below). The foundation under it can be laid with a lightweight slab, with a 100 mm thick slab, flush with the ground surface and a single-level reinforcement. On weak and non-rocky soils, a steel porch can be made as a cantilever-supporting one (see below) with supports from a pair of "bulls" blocks under the heel.
A steel porch is usually assembled on stringers as shown in Fig. Channel bars for stringers and platform frame take 60 mm; corner for step frames - equal to 40 mm. Lags under the platform flooring are made from the same corners welded into a T-shaped profile (half-tee). On the support pillars go steel pipes from 100 mm.
This design is optimal for production in industrial conditions, incl. piece and small-scale artisanal. The fact is that for precise welding of the step frames, volumetric conductors are needed. When welding on the street in weight, the steps of a novice welder will probably come out skewed. Or, to assemble such a ladder on site, you need some experience, see eg. track. video.
Video: an example of assembling a metal ladder
A beginner can get out of this situation in several ways. The first is shown in pos. and the rice is higher: instead of the volumetric frames of the steps on the plaza (a flat, solid fireproof platform), flat filly are boiled under the steps. Step them - either wooden hanging ones, or any (eg stone) laid in flat frames from the same corner. In either case, the tread or frame for it is attached to the filly with screws, which allows you to align the steps. The bad thing about this method is its high labor intensity and increased material consumption. Besides, wooden treads will not receive proper support, so thick ones need to be taken from.
The second method is shown on the left on the next. fig. Here labor intensity and material consumption is less, because after welding, pipe supports are cut into the horizon with a grinder according to the level and the mooring cord. According to this scheme, there is a temptation to reduce the volume of earthen and concrete works, having made a ladder on one stringer, on the right in Fig. However, she needs a cutting machine: the slightest distortion of the filly stands from the channel - and the steps went for a walk. You can make a cutting machine yourself by fixing the grinder on a swinging arm, the hinge of which is installed in a solid frame, but whether it is worth doing it is the master's business.
Finally, the simplest solution is a porch under OSB or plywood sheathing, and on it decorative trim, on a straight frame. Its structure is clear from the trace. fig. All parts of the frame are flat, cooked in a plaza. The foundation for such a porch is not needed at all, it hangs on the foundation of the building, this is the so-called. cantilever porch (see also below). It rests on the blind area of \u200b\u200bthe house with adjustable screw legs, so please note: fastening the frame to the foundation of the building is only at the top, as shown in fig! Fasteners - bolts from М8х130 with steel collet anchors. The spacing of the attachment points is up to 600 mm. Since the porch is always wider, spacers are needed in the rear frame of the frame. Which will not interfere with other frames over 400 mm high.
Concrete porch
A porch made of concrete is actually a little better than a brick one: it is laborious, and the work is hard, material-intensive. Requires a reliable, stable foundation for itself, it is very poorly connected to the building. True, it will stand on a separate foundation no less than the house itself. Aesthetically, a concrete porch justifies itself only in a house with a purely utilitarian design (on the left in the figure); technically it goes well with a patio porch (terrace, veranda, on the right in the figure), but the terrace porch is necessarily built together with the house.
Also, along with the building, a cantilever (hanging) and cantilever-supporting porch is being built, pos. III and IV on the next. fig. Since here we are talking about an attached porch, we will limit ourselves to the remark that the cavity under the concrete porch (liner) must necessarily be well ventilated, otherwise it will turn into a hotbed of dampness and a nesting place for all obscene living creatures.
Only a floating concrete porch is attached to the existing house, pos. I and II. A more detailed diagram of its device is shown at the bottom right in Fig. Instead of hard mineral wool, an expansion joint (width - 10-12 mm) can, and even better, be laid with basalt cardboard. A sheet of mineral wool or a sheet of basalt cardboard is carried out on the sides outside the porch monolith and temporarily attached to the foundation of the building with self-tapping screws in dowels through wooden slats. It is impossible to fix the filling of the seam to the foundation of the house in the area where the porch adjoins it!
A typical, one might say, defect of a floating concrete porch is a chronically occurring crack between it and the foundation of the building. It is not dangerous, but in plain sight it flaunts like a red nose and bags under the eyes of an alcoholic and generally better without cracks. Therefore, it is better to attach a concrete porch to the house on a separate foundation, slab or pile-slab, depending on local conditions (see fig. With foundation diagrams).
What miracles have you read about the foundations for a concrete porch? It is advised, for example, to do it on jetting, pressed or driven piles... And the house is nearby, right next to it, on a monolithic Precambrian rock? Will the piling work affect the reliability of its foundation in any way? If a concrete porch is made on a pile-slab foundation, the following should be borne in mind:
- Wells for piles are drilled manually with a garden drill.
- The piles are reinforced and poured into roofing felt clips using a typical method.
- The piles are located symmetrically along the diagonals of the foundation slab with an indent of 250-350 mm from the corners.
- If any of the sides of the porch projection is more than 1.8 m, the piles are laid with an envelope (item 1 in the figure below).
- The belts (levels) of the reinforcing lattice of the slab are fastened with a knitting wire to the vertical branches of the reinforcement of the piles immediately after the concrete has set in them. The distance from the bottom belt of the reinforcement along the top of the backfill is 40-80 mm.
- To speed up the work, a sand and gravel cushion under the slab can be poured through the slab reinforcement grid. The remnants of the backfill are swept away from the reinforcing bar.
- A slab with a thickness of up to 200 mm is poured in one layer, and of a larger thickness - 15 cm in layers
- The newly poured concrete layer is pierced with a sharpened steel bar approximately in the middle of each grid cell to release air.
- The next layer of concrete mortar is poured as soon as the previous one begins to set. With this method of filling, the so-called. hydraulic compaction of concrete.
Note: it is possible to reinforce the foundation of a concrete porch with both steel and fiberglass (composite) reinforcement.
The porch is poured when the concrete slab reaches approx. 15% durability. Practically - on the 2nd - 3rd day after the concrete set of the foundation slab. There is no need to reinforce the concrete porch with multi-level powerful reinforcement (item 2 in the figure); it is enough for each step of one reinforcing belt made of steel mesh from 40x40x3 to 60x60x5, pos. 3.
Formwork boards must be impregnated with mineral oil in advance (working off, for example), so that later they can be easily removed. If the concrete porch is not suitable for finishing, it is advisable to carefully sand the formwork from the inside, and seal the seams between the boards with wood putty. This will make the outer surfaces of the porch smooth.
Pros, working on order / for hire, fill the porch in one go, their time is precious. Working for yourself, the porch can be filled gradually, pos. A-E in Fig. In addition to saving material, the porch will turn out to be insulated and less susceptible to displacement by ground movements. Each subsequent step is poured as soon as the concrete of the previous one has set. Concreting of the steps of the porch is made in the next. order:
- The leveled and tamped gravel or expanded clay backfill is poured with a cement-sand 1: 3 solution of increased fluidity, with a water-cement ratio (VC) of 0.72, until all stones or granules are hidden. That is, the solution should be of the thickness of liquid sour cream;
- As soon as the initial pouring begins to set, an ordinary concrete solution (cement: crushed stone: sand 1: 5: 3) of normal consistency is poured in a layer of 4-6 cm;
- just grabbed the first layer concrete pouring, lay the reinforcement and pour the step to the top of the formwork section. If wooden or stone treads are to be installed on concrete, screw anchors are bricked up for them at this step;
- The poured step is deaerated (deaerated) as described above;
- Immediately after pouring the next step, the previous one is ironed: sprinkle with dry cement M400 and rub it thoroughly with a wooden block (pos. 4 in the figure)
Note: diagram according to pos. A-E is given for a floating porch. Filling the porch on the foundation with this method differs only in the absence of the primary filling of the first stage with cement-sand mortar.
The back wall of the porch (pos. E) is poured in layers of 15 cm with de-airing and hydraulic sealing. The order of its filling is the same as for the steps. Wooden or stone treads are placed on propylene spacers with steel washers, pos. five.
Canopy and visor
The porch is definitely better open. Not only in terms of convenience, but also the safety of the building: the opening of the front door is the place from where the violation of the building structure most often begins under the influence of weather conditions. The roof of the attached porch can be a pillar canopy or a hanging canopy attached to the wall of the building.
The canopy columns of the attached porch must be concreted separately from the porch foundation and even more so from the floating porch. Removal of the bases of the columns forward and to the sides from the outer corners of the porch or its foundation - from 0.5 m; better - 1 m or more. The reason is the same difference between the shrinkage of the porch and the house. If the bases of the columns are not rigidly connected to the porch, the forces of frost heaving will press the canopy against the wall. On the contrary, to tear it off the wall.
Note: it is necessary to process the lower parts (roots) of wooden columns with bitumen at least 400 mm above the ground level. The reason is the same for which brick construction is possible only on a plinth. In addition to impregnation, wrapping the roots of wooden columns with roofing felt will not damage, but keep in mind that it will not protect the above-ground part of the column's root! In the light, roofing material is destroyed over time by solar ultraviolet radiation (UV).
The hanging visor does not fundamentally create shrinkage matching problems. It cannot be mounted only on frame and prefabricated panel walls; in all other cases, a hanging canopy is technically preferable to a canopy on columns. Diagrams of the frames of the porch canopies welded from a 40-mm corner are given at the top in the figure, and the drawings of the wooden canopy of the porch are in the same place below. All these canopies, except for arched and gable, must be equipped with a drainage gutter with an ebb to the side (to the sides). The overall width of a 75x75 wooden canopy can be increased to 2.5 m; for this acc. increase the size marked with an asterisk.
Fastening canopies to stone or concrete wall - with self-tapping screws 8x130 in propylene dowels or M8x100 bolts in collet anchors. TO wooden wall - self-tapping screws for wood М8х120. Canopy roof deck - any suitable (soft, steel or ceramic tiles, polycarbonate, slate, etc.); under any roof, except for polycarbonate, lathing is required. It is necessary to cover the visors with polycarbonate, observing the rules for working with this material: turn it outward with the UV-resistant side, channels of the structure along the slope, cover the edge with a filter tape, attach to the frame using thermal washers, etc.
About porch glazing
The glazed porch is cool and trendy. In many cases it is also convenient. But - it is possible to glaze without fear only a porch built with the house on a common foundation with it. As for the porches attached to the house, no technical guarantee for the safety of their glazing for more than one season is possible in principle.
Finally: how to search for information
You may need precise working drawings for a typical porch. For example, you were self-built according to a standard design, but so far without a porch. Unfortunately, there is no way to include in a review article at least part of the technical documentation even for one project, but the most popular of the standard projects of individual residential buildings are available on the Internet in free distribution.
In order not to "google" in vain for a long time and painfully, but to go straight to the porch, in the search bar of the browser, you need to type "Typical project 18 ..." or "Typical design solutions 8 ...". You will be prompted with a number of preliminary results based on documents available for free download such as "Typical Design 186-214-9.87" (this is a precast concrete porch made of ready-made monolithic parts) or, say, "Typical Design Solutions 820-1-088.88" (drawings of a metal porch ), or "Typical project 189-000-362.85" (these are drawings of a wooden porch), etc. Further - it is clear. We look at what fits - download, decide on materials and costs, build.
Owners build many houses with a high plinth, which is justified by the design features of the building, difficult terrain or climatic zone with big amount falling snow in winter. On the one hand, this implies additional costs, but on the other, it opens up unprecedented opportunities for creating an individual design of the entrance to the house. Photos of such original porches can be seen in catalogs and choose an option other than the neighbor's entrance.
Porch styling should be done in conjunction with a selection of design features that will determine functional performance.
Porch device options
Open porch type
This option is sometimes used for a private house. The porch is essentially an open area with steps. Railings for such a porch are not provided, since such an entrance is high no more than three to four steps... The platform in front of the entrance is not protected by a canopy or roof.
An open type of porch is used if a veranda follows the porch area. It is not recommended to arrange an entrance without a canopy if the house is located in damp and rainy areas.
Covered entrance
To protect the entering person, a covered porch is made on the door platform country house... Photos of numerous options speak of the possibility of approaching the design with a great deal of imagination. The canopy roof over the porch can play the role of an extravagant accessory or become the final highlight on the facade of a country house.
Covered entrance design is the most effective solution, it is practical and economical... Very often, a covered porch cannot be made, since the platform in front of the entrance falls under the common remote edge of the roof, or there is a balcony above the entrance. A beautiful canopy is arranged when the entrance to the house is located on the side of a private house. In some cases, an independent roof over the porch can be extended to the limits of a carport in front of the house or a small cozy resting place.
Closed type of porch in a private house
In this version of the porch, enclosing walls or light panels are provided. The role of the top covering can be played by a balcony above the porch or a common roof. Due to the resulting additional closed from bad weather premises, the useful area of \u200b\u200bsmall country houses.
Indoors, combined with a porch, arrange a fireplace for cooking in the summer, a place where friends are received, they make a romantic gazebo, a shaded terrace. Such a closed version will reliably protect visitors from bad weather and protect the steps and porch area from destruction. For the construction of solid walls, a foundation is required to eliminate further subsidence.
Materials for design
If we talk about the choice of material for decorating the porch, then it should be noted that the photos of exteriors look the best, where the entrance composition is made from those components that were used in the development of the exterior design of the house.
Wooden entrance
For wooden country houses, a wooden porch is ideal. Such a structure, most often, does not require a foundation device. The open version of the building will allow you to focus on the massive steps and beautiful railings. Still, wooden steps are recommended put under a canopy.
The wood goes very well with modern siding. Railings are made of one wood or combined with forged metal parts and patterns. Canopy racks can be massive, or lightweight, carved and decorated with wooden figures. The material is very easy to paint in various colors, which further expands the designer's flight.
how structural element, well suited for porch device log and timber, larch is considered the ideal material in Russia. A beautiful porch will look presentable and add grandeur not only to the mansion, but also to its owner. The pliable natural material is very convenient in finishing and is subject to various complex types of processing.
To protect wooden structures from destruction and deformation from variable moisture, it should be treated with modern impregnations, which simultaneously protect the wood from rotting and various gnawing bugs.
Metal porch
The design of the metal porch implies its intelligent combination with other materials. The metal itself is considered the most durable. With timely and correct processing it does not corrode, does not rust and is not subject to subsidence... The metal enclosing walls, steps and railings do not weigh much, and a foundation is almost never required.
Metal is very organically combined with wood and glass. Forged details will add solemnity and splendor to the entrance composition; such details will look sophisticated on a facade made of stone, wood and modern plastic. Natural materials such as marble or granite can be used as steps, but finishes can be selected artificial stone, which looks like an expensive analogue. Photos of various designs and material combinations are presented in various catalogs of modern design.
Choosing a forged manufacturing option as a porch, the owner of a country house needs to be patient, since work is slow, and if this is also an individual order, then a quick production is not expected. But once the individual elements are ready, the assembly itself does not take much time.
Concrete annexes
This is the most economical type of porch device. It is applied in a minimalist style and serves long years owners as a shelter. A porch protected in this way looks like a monolithic and whole product. It is arranged in houses of brick and stone; glass windows, which can be made in an arched shape, can serve as decoration. For roofing, use metal tiles saturated colors... The implementation of the walls of the porch extension of concrete requires the construction of a massive foundation.
The designers have always emphasized the classic style of the exterior with the help of a fundamental massive entrance ... Brick porch shape may be strict, but the presence of original projections, bay windows, arches and semi-columns on the facade will allow the extension structure to repeat the general style of a country building and emphasize its individuality.
The original combination with metal and ceramic finish makes it possible to make a private building beautiful and cozy. The use of metal tiles, the device of side stationary and hanging lamps will allow the porch to become an integral part of the home.
The stone and brick porch has a long service life. Its resistance to temperature changes, frost and moisture will allow it not to lose its beautiful appearance and remain unchanged for a long time. As canopy posts, columns made of facade bricks or finished with stone tiles... Such a massive shelter is quite expensive, but it has served for more than a dozen years.
Lightweight polycarbonate walls
It is very simple to design a porch fence and arrange a canopy using polycarbonate sheets for this purpose. Such protection will organically fit into many exterior styles of a country house and will help protect the porch and visitors from bad weather. Polycarbonate goes well with decorative and smooth plaster of external walls, looks good with curtain facades made of modern polymeric materials, and the color of polycarbonate can be in tune with the finish or contrast with it.
Polycarbonate belongs to translucent materials, it is lightweight and easy to use. It is attached to a frame made of metal. The forged structure can be designed as a separate part of the facade or simply inconspicuous basis for sheets... This translucency of the material is often used to shade gazebos, terraces and verandas combined with the porch.
To draw up a project on paper, you should decide on the size and location of the main structural parts of the building:
- the number and height of the steps;
- height and setting of handrails;
- the width, length and shape of the visor;
- the size of the site;
- the presence and location of side walls.
When designing a building, observe certain principles and rules:
- the area in front of the entrance is usually arranged at the level of the general foundation of the house;
- the length of the platform in front of the door, taking into account the step at its level, is 1.2–1.6 m;
- the width of the tread should not be less than 30 cm, and the height of each of them should not be more than 15 cm;
- the bottom of the visor is installed at least 20-30 cm above the top of the front door;
- the width of the porch for the passage of one person is taken in the range of 70–90 cm, for the passage of two people side by side, this size increases to 1.3–1.5 m;
- if the porch has more than three steps, then a railing with a height of 0.9 to 1.1 m must be installed.
You can successfully keep in mind the entire construction plan, but it will be more effective to depict all the drawings on paper indicating all sizes and specifying technical details:
- when installing the upper layer of the porch, it should be noted that its thickness should not raise the surface by more than 5 cm below the opening level of the front door, which, according to safety rules, opens outward;
- if the base for an extension is being made, one should not forget about laying insulation from moisture between the foundation and the walls;
- for convenient opening of the door, a platform of the corresponding width is made, depending on whether the door is double-leaf or single-leaf;
- it is necessary to take into account the location of the structure relative to the adjacent territory, alleys, flower beds, paths;
- night lighting must be arranged, and if the number of steps is more than three, then you need to put two lamps so that the shadow does not interfere with considering the height of the steps;
- the visor, as a rule, is extended 40 cm wider and longer than the porch area in front of the door.
Stylish design solution
His choice, offered by experienced designers, generally depends on the owner of the house. Each nation had its own unspoken traditions in the design of the entrance space in front of the door.
Old Russian direction suggests a high entrance to the house, it was settled on powerful and heavy supports, its width meant space. It was customary to decorate with carved patterns and elements, figures of animals and birds on massive railings. Going out on such a porch, the owner looked majestic.
The classic assumes the obligatory presence of a symmetrically beveled canopy. The railings are made in simple forms in the form of balusters of the correct rounded shape, sometimes sculptures are arranged in expensive and complex versions. Steps are more suitable from natural material or artificial that looks natural.
Patio style arrange a fully open terrace, which is accessed by steps of the porch. It hosts the daytime life of the inhabitants of the house, there is a meal, children play and an afternoon rest in a rocking chair.
Europeans build a house porch in the manner of restrained elegance, its height should not shock visiting guests, the material is majestic and noble stone, brick, tile. Wood is rarely used in the decoration of this direction.
French styleon the contrary, it allows you to use a variety of decorative elements in decoration. Such an example would be a glazed door, in which the glass is visually divided into squares using thin slats. The railings are made in the form of a wicker cloth, decorated with hanging flower pots. Warm materials are used - wood, ceramics, brick inserts.
Whatever design style the owner of the house chooses, he must remember that the use of high-quality materials will prolong the construction period for a long time, and photos of all generations will be taken on this very porch of the father's house.
The porch is an integral part of the residential building. It provides a convenient approach to the front door, protects the door and home owners from rain during bad weather, and simply decorates the suburban building, gives the cottage a unique look and characterizes the style preferences of its owners.
From a constructive point of view, a porch for a house with or without a canopy is an open area, usually with several steps, which is arranged directly in front of the entrance to the building. It can take many different shapes and be made from different materials.
Choosing a porch for a house: wood, brick, metal and concrete
Wooden porch
The undoubted advantage of a wooden porch is its presentable appearance. A beautiful wooden porch can truly enchant guests. Construction wooden structure does not last long and is relatively inexpensive. Price for 1 sq. m. on average fits into $ 100-300.
The disadvantages include fragility with improper care, vulnerability, tendency to deformation due to temperature changes, etc. All this can be avoided by learning with special impregnations.
Brick porch
A brick porch will serve its owners, no doubt, much longer. Ceramic blocks coolly withstand the whims of nature and long time do not lose their visual appeal, provided. Stone steps look quite solid and at the same time unobtrusive.
The price of a brick porch, however, is for square meter can go up to $ 350. Building this object is not much more difficult than a wooden one, but it takes more time. On average, construction lasts 1-2 weeks, depending on the complexity of the project and the number of workers.
Metal porch
The metal porch is the most durable. During normal use, it does not deform, rust or sag. The metal structure weighs relatively little, and therefore does not require a bookmark capital foundation... If we are talking about a forged sample, then it is necessary to mention the special beauty of the building.
The disadvantages include the high cost of pleasure and the duration of the manufacture of parts, if this is an individual order. Periodically, metal elements need to be tinted, and this is an additional hassle and expense. To be fair, let's say that the porch is assembled from metal quickly, the finished parts are assembled in just 3-4 days.
Concrete extension
If you look at the photo, you can hardly find the differences between a concrete and a brick porch, but they are. Externally, the concrete porch looks more holistic. This is due to the solidity of the material. Instead of individual blocks, a liquid solution is used, which takes the desired shape within the framework of the formwork. The cost of work and materials can be compared to the construction of wooden steps.
How to make a porch for a country and country house with your own hands
The construction of a porch for a country house is the final stage in the construction of the whole house. Conventionally, this process can be divided into four stages: calculations, material selection, frame construction, construction itself.
Design, selection of structure size and shape
It is desirable that the site fits into the overall project of the house and has a common foundation with it. If there is none, then it is necessary to calculate the size of the foundation of the building, lay the required depth of the foundation or piles, and also calculate the dimensions of future attacks. Typically, the length of the step and platform in front of the door is 1200-1500 mm, the width of one step usually does not exceed 300 mm, while the height of each is 150 mm. The height of the porch from the stairs to the canopy should be 200-300 mm higher than the front door. All these dimensions must be included in the drawing and project.
Choice of materials
In most cases, the porch is constructed from wood and concrete. The ideal wood species is larch. Others work well too coniferssuch as inexpensive spruce. The choice of wood processing method is entirely up to the owner of the house, since both timber and log have equally good properties.
For a concrete porch, ordinary cement mixed with rubble and sand in a ratio of 1: 2: 2, respectively, is suitable. To get the solution, you need water. Too much liquid should not be poured into the mixture, the concrete should not be too plastic. Further, the stages of construction begin directly.
Site preparation, frame construction
Before you build a porch with your own hands, a site is cleared, the ground must be fortified. Ideally, a small slab foundation with a thickness of 200-300 mm is poured, which serves as a kind of pillow and does not allow the steps to "walk" due to temperature changes. You can also drive piles into the ground.
After preparation of the site, the frame is erected. For a wooden porch, these are support posts, and for a concrete one, formwork. Stone steps must be reinforced.
Construction and finishing
On this stage component parts are connected together, if necessary, a canopy is organized. You can clearly assess how to make a porch for a country house using the proposed photos.
How to make a canopy (canopy) over the porch of the house
The canopy over the porch of a country house performs both aesthetic and practical functions. From the point of view of decor, the canopy allows you to fit the extension into the overall facade of the building, make the house more presentable and bright. Visors with elements of forging or decorative woodcarving look especially advantageous. Wooden structures, painted in bright colors or decorated in folk style, look good. We also note the curly design of the visor, when the roof takes on unusual shapes.
From a practical point of view, a canopy is required to protect the front door and site from precipitation and ice in winter, from rain or hot sunlight in summer.
The shape of the visor, if you look at the awnings above the porch of the photo, traditionally completely repeats the shape of the roof of the house or the main motive. In most cases, a miniature roof is made flat or gable. A dome-shaped canopy or an arch-shaped structure looks beautiful.
As for the materials, here, when deciding how to make a canopy over the porch, it is also customary to duplicate the main design of the building's roof. Traditionally, this is metal or slate. Polycarbonate is lighter in weight and easier to use. Colored transparent sheets easily take a given shape, effectively protect the entrance area from precipitation and shade it, but at the same time they look quite airy and almost invisible. You can choose any polycarbonate color for the facade design. The visor can be with or without supporting metal posts. It all depends on the design of the house and the properties of the load-bearing wall.
The standard dimensions of the visor over the entrance door are 1000x2000 mm. This is enough for a straight, and for a semicircular, and for a triangular canopy.
The design of the porch of a private house, the rules of beautiful design and decoration
To inspire you for a small feat, we have selected photographs of successful projects. First, pay attention to the design of the porch of a wooden house. It can be made in the traditional Slavic style or in the laconic European style. The Slavic type of design involves the use of rounded logs. The main emphasis here is on the design of the opening between the posts and the visor, as well as the steps. Logs sawn in half with sides, which act as a support for the railing, look in a special way. Preservation of the natural color of the wood is encouraged.
If you want to decorate the porch of a house made of wood in the European genre, then it is best to use classic glued laminated timber. The extension looks very gentle and at the same time strict, in which the support posts and the borders of the visor with the railings are painted in a light tone, and the steps, the platform near the door and the canopy are in a darker color.
The design of the porch of the house, made with the use of forging, gives the building a majestic and sophisticated look, comparable to the facades of old merchant estates. The main focus here is on the framing of the visor and the pylons, which take on the appearance of light lace. I must admit that this design looks incomparable. A wrought-iron porch goes well with red brick, dark polycarbonate and porcelain stoneware on the floor. In general, steps look very advantageous if they are finished with non-slip floor tiles.
Combining the colors of the blocks, as well as the implantation of colored windows or stained-glass windows into a monolithic stone canvas, is considered a successful decor for a brick extension. A win-win option is brick or concrete, painted in the color of the walls, in combination with metal tiles of a rich shade. In this case, the visor can be supplemented with a carved border. Just see how demonstrated beautiful porch in the photo, and you will understand everything without further ado.
Wooden porch: popular questions
How does a wooden porch benefit?
For Russian country houses, a wooden porch is traditional. Our ancestors built houses, villages, cities and, of course, a porch from this material. In the old days, a porch was built from a log, modern builders often make it from a bar. The arrangement of this type of extension has several advantages. The most basic ones are low cost (from $ 100 to $ 300 per 1m3), tradition and beauty. Wood is very malleable and porch finishes can be the most difficult. It is believed that the best entrance annexes are made from larch. The disadvantage of wood is its tendency to deformation due to changes in humidity, temperatures and others. But modern impregnations can nullify these negative qualities. 
How to make a porch to the house with your own hands?
The porch is a non-residential structure, but very functional, since it provides the most comfortable entrance and exit from the house. There are situations when the house is erected and the funds are depleted, then the economy mode sets in and the question arises, how to make a porch to the house with your own hands? In this case, the simplest design of the porch is chosen. The dimensions are minimal, and the device is local, functional. Of the materials, wood and concrete are optimal, although the latter assumes a foundation, that is, additional costs. 
Polycarbonate porch canopy
Polycarbonate is a lightweight and easy-to-use material. The sheets are transparent and have a wide range of colors. A canopy over the porch made of polycarbonate well shades the area in front of the entrance and perfectly protects it from precipitation. Typically, the building above the front door has the same flooring as the main building. A canopy / canopy made of polycarbonate can be matched to the color of the overall coating or contrasting to it, which will visually perceive the architectural structure as a whole. 
A porch in a private house is a design element of a building
A porch in a private house is not only a functional structure, but also an element overall design buildings, giving it an additional entourage. It will also be indispensable, for example, for summer tea drinking. The porch will serve the way you decide to design it. It is better if this entrance extension is made in the same style as the main structure, but it is quite possible if the porch becomes a bright addition. For example, a wooden porch to a red brick house. 
How to choose the most beautiful porch?
For every person, a beautiful porch is a structure that suits his tastes, his understanding of beauty and functionality. The types of porches are very different. This can be an American ranch-style terrace or a bay window-style semicircular porch. Someone considers the portico to be beautiful, while others consider it to be an architectural structure made of Art Nouveau molding or a wrought-iron porch. This applies not only to the style choice, but also to the selection of materials. One person considers brick to be beautiful, another - wood, the third prefers constructions made of artificial materials. The most beautiful porch is the one that will always delight the owners with its appearance. 
How to equip a porch for a country house?
Often, in order to equip a porch for a country house, the same materials are used as in the construction of a building. The porch can be part of a complete house project, or it can be designed separately. It is desirable that the porch has a common foundation with the house. At this stage, a serious engineering calculation is required. Next, the site is prepared, the foundation is being built, on which the frame is subsequently erected. Subsequent work involves a kind of installation of the structure, which ends with the arrangement of the porch roof.
How to choose a private house porch design?
The entrance porch of a private house is a kind of visiting card of the owners. It can tell a lot: about tastes, habits and their understanding of comfort. The owners can come up with the design of the porch of a private house themselves, or they can contact a specialized company. The solution can be anything - a wooden or stone porch, the most important thing is that it suits the owners first of all. And not only in appearance. A porch for a country house must first of all correspond to the height, weight, step of the owners of the house. 
How to equip a porch canopy?
A roof, a canopy or a porch canopy is the element of the structure that can make it as bright as possible. It can be forged lace covered with metal, or graceful curves of transparent polycarbonate. A simple or complex solution to this element, it will not go unnoticed. Porch canopies are selected in accordance with the general architecture of the building, the desired functionality and the required practicality. 
How practical is a concrete porch?
The porch is operated every day. The main requirements for it are strength, reliability and the ability to do without repair for a long time. A concrete porch absolutely meets these characteristics. But this design is heavy, especially if you have a high porch in your house. A concrete porch requires precise calculations and the skill of workers. How and how best to make such a structure, of course, you can try to calculate it yourself, especially if you have experience with concrete, but it is better to contact specialists in a specialized company, who will take into account the peculiarities of the soil, structures and materials.
Where can you order a private house porch project?
Even if the owner of the country house himself came up with the design of the porch, his ideas must be calculated by engineering. That is, we need a project for the porch of a private house. Of course, if the design is simple and the home craftsman has certain knowledge and skills, it is quite possible to take a risk and build a porch yourself, but if there is even the slightest doubt or the idea is complicated, contact the specialized companies. Often times, a well-designed porch is not an expense, but a cost savings. 
How practical is a metal porch?
A porch made of metal is quite rare. Metal elements are more often used: handrails, casting, awnings and more. A metal porch is an elite option. To implement it, you will need experienced craftsmen, profile production, especially if the project is author's. There are also typical options - small porches from steps, for example, for the back entrance. Since metal, with some exceptions, is susceptible to corrosion and other aggressive influences, it needs care. The coating must always be complete and this must be constantly monitored. 
Where to order a porch decoration?
The decoration of the porch, that is, the decoration elements are best ordered from specialized companies. On the websites of companies, you can view pictures and photos and choose those that fit the style of your porch. The solutions can be different, but it is necessary to choose those that will be in harmony with the main building. You also need to take into account the design of other buildings on the site, plants and their height, distance to the fence, and much more. The professional solution is best option... Therefore, contact the specialized companies.
Is it possible to make a brick porch with your own hands?
It is quite possible to make a brick porch with your own hands, but for this you need to know the sequence of work and be able to work with materials. More often, the porch of a brick house is made of this material. This is a harmonious, beautiful and practical solution. The shape of the porch can be different, even have rounded lines. A brick building always looks prestigious and solid, be it a small porch garden house or a solid designer cottage porch. 
How long does it take to build a porch?
How long the construction of the porch takes is not an idle question. Perhaps this event will force part of the family to leave the dacha for the city, all entering and leaving the house becomes difficult. The duration of construction depends on which options for the porch were chosen for the construction: a simple, round porch or a porch with a platform. A porch made of wood or metal can be installed in a week. A brick or concrete structure will take a longer time - up to two weeks. How can you make your porch faster? Not at all, since it is necessary to withstand technological processes. 
Is a closed porch practical?
A closed porch has many advantages. It will shelter the owners and their guests from bad weather and uncomfortable temperatures. Such a porch is relevant in regions where there is a large amount of annual precipitation, frequent winds and long winters. Do-it-yourself closed porch for country house can be made, both from scratch, and from the open, available. But the manufacture of a porch should provide for an increase in the load on the foundation or supports. If the base can withstand the increase in mass, then the structure can be constructed. The construction scheme may be different, for example, the installation of double-glazed windows. 
What are the best outdoor porch stairs?
External stairs for the porch are chosen according to the cross-country ability, height and complexion of the owners, the presence of small children or elderly people in the family. These structural elements are exposed to unfavorable external influences, for example, precipitation, temperature changes, ground vibrations, and more. Outdoor stairs should be constructed of materials that will withstand negative influences. Also, the structure itself should provide for the same, that is, reinforced in certain places, treated with the necessary impregnations or covered with a canopy. And what to decorate with is your choice. 
