The heating system of a private house has a valuable advantage - it is independence from public utilities. When building a house, you can choose your own heating device for living in a comfortable environment. Moreover, such systems are often assembled with their own hands. This process should take place in stages:
1. The choice of the heating system is made.
2. The necessary elements are selected.
3. Calculations are performed.
4. A heating scheme and project is being developed.
5. Documentation is drawn up.
6. Installation work is in progress.
7. Test run in progress.
The most popular methods for heating a home is a hot water heating system.
Steam heating is prohibited for use in residential buildings. It is mainly used for huge storage rooms. Electric heating is also used.
Private house heating system
What type of fuel should you choose?
When choosing a fuel, traditional options are considered.1. Gas is a popular fuel and affordable. With a qualitative approach, all heating processes are automated.
2. You can use solid fuel in the absence of a gas pipeline. The choice is made between pellets, coal and wood. The disadvantages of this type of fuel include the inability to automate the system.
3. The use of electricity is convenient and simple. The lack of fuel is considered to be high cost.
4. Liquid fuel is used. It can be fuel oil or diesel fuel. This method is characterized by economy and high efficiency.
The choice is influenced by the calculation of costs for the further operation of the heating system, as well as the proximity of the required raw materials.
Kinds solid fuel
Device and features of water heating
When installing a heating system in a house, special attention should be paid to the device and characteristics of water heating.Coolant flow diagram
Depending on the type of movement of the coolant, gravitational and circulation systems are distinguished:1. In a gravitational system, the liquid moves up and through the pipes when the boiler heats up, and when it cools it returns back. This system is non-volatile. There are disadvantages with this method of the device:
it is impossible to perform precise adjustment of heat transfer by instruments;
pipes are selected with a large diameter and mounted with a slope to the side;
the expansion tank must be open.
2. The movement of liquid in the circulation system is carried out by a pump. The undoubted advantages are the ability to control heat transfer and the use of small-diameter pipes.
natural circulation pattern
Which heating system to choose?
When installing the heating system, it is important to correctly isolate the pipes. There are the following schemes for heating a private house:1. One-pipe system is a certain line to which batteries are connected in series. This is a good way to heat a one-story house. It should be borne in mind that the coolant enters the last battery cooled.
2. The two-pipe scheme is distinguished by its efficiency. In this case, the movement of the coolant is carried out along two lines. This affects the increase in pipe consumption, but an optimization of the heating system is created. The system is used both for space heating and for heating tap water.
3. The collector system is equipped with a central riser to which collectors are connected on all floors. In this case, the collector distributes the existing coolant to the individual batteries. The system is being tuned with high precision. The disadvantages include high pipe consumption.
Two-pipe system in a private house
Electric heating
The electric heating system is also safe. It is possible to control the temperature regime in each room.This method is used when it is not possible to connect to the gas pipeline.
For heating, a special boiler, electric convectors, film heating circuits or special thermal panels are used.
What elements are needed for installation?
Before installation work, the components of the heating circuit are purchased.
Boiler
The boiler determines the functioning of the entire system. This unit creates the necessary heat and gives it to the coolant, which moves it to the batteries.
Any heating devices are equipped with two chambers. Fuel burns in the first chamber. This is a combustion chamber. And from another chamber (heat exchanger) the coolant comes out.
Also, devices are:
single-circuit;
double-circuit.
The latter are still a device for heating water.
Depending on the fuel used, heating units are divided into the following types:
1. Electric models are used in areas where there is no gas. Depend on power outages and are expensive.
2. The most popular is the gas boiler. Differs in efficiency and ease of use.
3. Units on liquid fuel are not often used. They need a separate room, as they emit a smell when burned.
4. Solid fuel models are popular in areas where there is no gas pipeline. Requires a systematic loading of fuel.
Advice! It is recommended to use boilers with two heating options. For example, a gas unit or an electric one with a solid fuel burner. This will help in case of power outages or gas problems.
Types of boilers for a private house
Pipes
When choosing pipes, the following options are considered:
1. Steel is practically not used. They are characterized by a short service life and installation complexity.
2. Reinforced-plastic structures are easy to install, but they require careful selection of suitable components.
3. Polypropylene pipes are assembled with a soldering iron and therefore provide a good seal.
4. The disadvantage of copper products is their high cost. Otherwise, this is the best option, which is characterized by durability, reliability and hygiene.
Advice! In a private house, it is better to use polypropylene or copper structures.
Wiring from polypropylene pipes
Radiators
Radiators are selected from the following types:
1. Closed systems use steel structures. Steel oxidizes in air.
2. In a private house, aluminum radiators are often used. They are characterized by high-quality heat dissipation and fast heating, but are not adapted for heavy loads.
3. Bimetallic consists of two metals. The coolant moves along the steel pipe, and the aluminum fins provide good heat transfer.
4. Cast iron models are considered reliable and durable.
Important! It is necessary to count the sections for the heating system. 1 square meter requires 100 watts of power. The area of \u200b\u200bthe room is multiplied by 100. Then the figure is divided by the value of the heat transfer of one section, which is indicated in the passport. Thus, the number of sections per room is revealed.
DIY radiator installation
Heating installation
Before installation work, auxiliary parts are purchased: gaskets, nipples or brackets. During installation, the elements are strapped.Installation consists of the following steps:
1. A wiring diagram is selected.
in the top wiring expansion tank mounted at the highest point of the room;
when using bottom piping, hot water pipes are installed at the bottom of the building. In this case, the return line that returns the energy carrier to the boiler is mounted below the hot pipe.
2. A detailed plan for the location of all elements is drawn up.
3. Installation starts from the boiler. Units operating on liquid and solid fuels are installed in a utility room on a concrete base.
4. The pump is mounted in a pipeline along which the coolant moves from the radiators to the boiler.
5. Piping in progress. Polypropylene pipes are mounted with a soldering device. Steel structures are installed by welding. Reinforced plastic are fastened with fittings.
6. When installing radiators, the ribs of the structure are located at the same level and without vertical deviations.
When mounting the system, certain rules should be taken into account:
1. Radiators are located under window openings.
2. The distance from the bottom of the battery to the floor covering should be about 100 mm, and from the window sill to the battery at least 60 mm.
3. All sections around the perimeter of the house are at the same height.
4. The system must have a drain.
After installation work, the system is filled with a coolant and a test run is performed. All connection areas and joints are inspected.
Heating system installation
The main advantage of private housing construction is that complete independence from general communal benefits can be achieved here. At the same time, they still have to be, but much better quality than those that can be offered by utilities. The most important thing, perhaps, is that the heating season in your home can begin when the homeowner wishes and, accordingly, end when he wants it. It is, of course, also important how it will be held.
The heating system cannot be purchased in a store and installed at home. More precisely, of course, all its components in a store or on the market are just sold, but buying them in one set will not work. In order to make the heating system of a private house with your own hands, you first need to know:
- Than the house will be heated.
- What is appropriate to use the energy carrier in the system.
Designing a heating system is one of the most important in the communications of a private house
After that, you will need to carry out a lot of calculations to determine the number of heating radiators, as well as pipes. All this should correspond to each other in many ways.
In general, first you need to decide which boiler can heat the house.
Types of heating boilers
In a private house, you want it to be warm, but you also want it to be achieved with minimal human involvement. Therefore, a heating boiler should be purchased based on what type of fuel is easiest to provide for its smooth operation.
So, boilers can be:
- gas,
- electric,
- coal,
- combined.
It is important! All modern boilers are more or less economical, operate without much noise, are relatively small in size and easy to maintain. But for all of them, even if we are talking about a coal boiler, they need electricity to start.
Gas boiler
How is a one-pipe system mounted
To install the system in this way, less pipes are needed. The system can only be with top wiring. It is suitable for small private houses with attics. Heating radiators. Therefore, each next one will be a little colder.
The system must contain:
- boiler,
- expansion tank,
- batteries,
- water purification filters,
- maybe a pump.
It is important! It is very difficult to set the temperature in a room with such a heating system. One battery turned off will shutdown the entire system.
Air heating
This method of heating the house is now quite popular. Air heating assumes the presence of heaters or special ventilation ducts in each room through which hot air will flow. Both the first and the second can be located in the walls or on the ceiling.
There are three types of air heating:
- Local.
- Central.
- Air curtains.
Local heating
This method of heating can hardly be called full-fledged heating, but it also has a place to be of high quality. To do this, you need to install fan heaters or heat guns in each room and enjoy the warmth. Heaters will heat up the air, drying it out. The heat will be only in a separate room and provided that the doors are closed.
Heat fan - it can be installed in a room, but it can be wall-mounted as part of central air heating.
Central heating
Systems where hot air is supplied centrally can be with:
- direct-flow recirculation,
- complete,
- partial recirculation.
Typically, ventilation ducts are located above the false ceiling, leaving holes in it through which hot air will flow into the rooms.
All this can be done in the walls, if, of course, the space allows to take a certain part of it in order to hide the pipes.
Air curtains
Devices resembling air conditioners are hung above the front doors or installed next to them. A powerful jet of warm air comes out of the curtains, which blocks cold air entering the room when the door is opened. In a private house, such a curtain can only be installed at the entrance to it and then if the doors are constantly opening.
Air heating is more expensive to install than water heating. Any boiler (usually electric or gas) can heat the air.
The advantages of an air heating system:
- Warm air is circulated after filtration.
- The house has a constant flow of fresh air, since the system takes it from the street for heating.
- Possibility to install a drip humidifier in the system.
Disadvantages:
- Inability to mount the system in a built house.
- Expensive installation.
The question of replacing stove heating with a more modern one, sooner or later, has to be decided by the owner of a private house. It is clear that the task for a non-professional is very difficult, but doable. In this work, there are many specific subtleties that only professionals in their field know about - designers and installers of heating systems. You cannot do without their help. But if the owner of a private house has a desire to make heating with his own hands, he may well do some of the work on his own. And entrust the responsible stages of work to professionals.
This article will give an idea to the novice home craftsman about the cycle of work to be performed.
Heating options
First, you have to choose a heating system. And there is plenty to choose from - there are several of them and differ among themselves by the type of coolant:
- Water heating system;
- Steam heating system;
- Air heating system;
- Electric heating system.
Let's consider each of them separately.
Water heating
It works on the principle of a closed loop of pipes containing hot water. The central element in this system is the boiler, where the water is heated and distributed through pipes throughout the system (). Installed water heating radiators, through which the coolant passes, heat up and warm the rooms. The cooled water enters the boiler again, and the process is repeated again.
All heating boilers fit into a similar scheme, but the most popular are economical gas ones.
Important! Gas boilers require regular inspection and adjustment by specialists of the gas company.
Steam heating
Steam from heated water acts as a heat carrier. In the boiler, the water is heated to a boiling state and already in the form of steam it disperses along the highways to the radiators. While cooling, the steam turns into water again and goes through pipes back to the heating boiler.
There are two types of steam systems:
- Open;
- Closed.
In the first case, the system has a storage tank for condensate. And in the second, the condensate formed after cooling is fed back to the boiler through pipes of increased diameter.
Steam heating is used mainly in industrial premises in large industries, where steam is needed for their own needs. For home use, steam heating has not become widespread due to the large areas for placing boiler equipment. And the steam boiler itself is quite difficult to operate, and because of the high steam temperature of 115 °, it is also dangerous.
Air heating
In a finished residential building, it is practically impossible to deploy equipment with your own hands for organizing air heating. Only at the stage of building a new house is it possible to install the entire system (). And this is despite the fact that the principle of operation of such a system is quite simple.
A heat generator located at the lowest point in a steam heating system, for example in a basement, heats the air. And already heated, it disperses through the duct boxes through the rooms of the house and goes out through the grates under the ceiling of the rooms. Warm air displaces cold air into return air ducts, laid before the heat generator. That is, a closed cycle of work is obtained.
To improve performance, a fan is included in the heating system, which increases the air pressure in the duct.
An example of air heating operation is shown in fig:
The heat generator can operate autonomously on diesel fuel or kerosene. You can also use gas - both natural from the main gas pipeline and bottled gas.
To equip a private house with this type of heating, it is necessary to carry out design work. Experts will calculate: what material the air ducts will be made of (metal, plastic or textile), what size and will build the correct topology of the heating network for the entire building.
Electric heating
Provided there is a constant power supply, electric converters, suspended infrared heaters, and an electric floor heating system will help keep the house warm.
Such a system does an excellent job of heating the house, but large electricity bills make you think about the cost-effectiveness of this heating method.
But if you put it as a spare, in addition to the main one (for example, a gas boiler), then this heating method is quite in demand.
Hinged heating electric convectors have one feature - uneven heating of the room space. The lower area at the floor level is cold, and the upper area under the ceiling is warm.
The electrical system of the "warm floor" will help to correct the situation:
Heating system elements
The entire electrical heating system in a house can be compared to a human circulatory system. The heart is a boiler, from which heat dissipates through the veins (pipes) to heating elements throughout the house.
This is, of course, a figurative representation. In fact, there are many more elements that ensure the efficient operation of the entire electrical heating system - from pipe connectors to expansion tanks.
Electric heating can be organized in different ways:
- Forced water circulation;
- Natural circulation of water.
A pump is included in the forced circulation system. But there is a small drawback - the pump requires electricity to operate. If it is turned off, then the entire heating system will stop working.
Systems with natural circulation, in terms of independence from electricity, are more convenient. Water circulation occurs due to the fact that the water temperature at the outlet from the heating boiler and inlet is different. But in this case, pipes with different diameters are selected, and it is difficult to adjust it. The advantage is that such a system does not depend on electricity.
Systems are also divided into open and closed systems.
In open electrical systems, an expansion tank is installed to relieve excess pressure. Typically, this is the highest point of the system. To relieve pressure in closed systems, a closed diaphragm tank is installed. It is small in size, sealed and mounted anywhere in the electrical system, which avoids the formation of air locks.
System calculation and selection of boiler power
Of course, store managers can also pick up equipment. But there are two ways in which you can do this completely independently with your own hands.
A simple approximate method is used by equipment sellers: the area of \u200b\u200bone room is multiplied by 100 W. By summing the obtained values \u200b\u200bfor all rooms, the required power is obtained heating appliances.
- If only one 1 wall goes outside, the area is multiplied by 100 W;
- For a corner room, the measured area is multiplied by 120 W;
- If there are 2 outer walls and two windows, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is multiplied by 130 W.
For a more accurate calculation, the formula is applied:
W cat. \u003d (S * W beats): 10
Where,
- S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe room;
- W beats - specific power of the used heater per 10m² of room area.
W beats is selected depending on the region.
For example, if the area of \u200b\u200ball heated rooms is 100m², with a specific power for the Moscow region of 1.2 kW, then the power for the boiler is obtained: W \u003d (100x1.2) / 10 \u003d 12 kilowatts.
Heat consumption for ventilation
The supply of fresh air is very important for a comfortable stay at home. And therefore, when choosing a heating boiler, it is important to take into account the heat consumption for ventilation. Fresh air in the room is undoubtedly necessary, but no less important is the speed with which the currents of cold air move inside the house. And the lower the speed of fresh air flows, the more comfortable living conditions become.
Building codes specifically stipulate the presence of exhaust ventilation in the premises:
- Baths;
- Toilet;
- Kitchens.
And the inflow of fresh air should be provided by vents in the window and supply valves in living rooms (fig.):
Thus, the supply air is divided into three zones:
- Air flow.
- Air overflow.
- Air extractors.
When organizing any heating system, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption not only for heating the house, but also for its ventilation. If work is going on according to the project, then it necessarily contains a calculation for heat loss due to the flow of cold air masses into the room.
Only after calculations on the nominal air exchange in the house, it is possible to draw conclusions about the final heat demand both for heating the house and for its ventilation.
Before choosing and buying a boiler for the heating system, you need to decide for yourself several parameters:
- The most important thing is to purchase exactly the type of boiler that will effectively heat up the whole house;
- Choose a heating boiler that will constantly run on the selected type of fuel;
- And the last - the boiler will work only for space heating or also heat water for everyday needs.
For reference! If the boiler works mainly for heating, it is single-circuit, and if it also provides hot water, it is double-circuit.
Solid fuel boilers
It makes sense to opt for solid fuel heating boilers, or if there is no way to connect to gas in the region or there is fairly inexpensive coal or firewood.
You can also put a solid fuel boiler on solid fuel with your own hands as a backup heat source. The cost of such boilers is relatively low, but the heating system will not work without:
- Expansion tank;
- Security groups;
- More reliable pipes and radiators.
This is due to the fact that boilers of this type operate at higher temperatures.
Such boilers are very reliable when a number of conditions are met:
- The fuel for the boiler must correspond to both quality and moisture content.
- Obligatory daily cleaning of the solid fuel boiler.
Gas boilers
The most popular, with the possibility of connecting to gas mains - gas boilers (). Its main advantage is, for all its simplicity, also ease of use. Most modern models of gas boilers are also equipped with a thermostat. And this is very convenient - you choose the right temperature for your home, and the device will automatically maintain a comfortable warmth throughout the house.
For prices, gas heating boilers have a wide range to choose from.
The price is influenced by:
- Manufacturer;
- Power;
- Boiler type.
But the big plus in boilers of this type is that they already come complete with a circulation pump and an expansion tank.
And the material from which pipes and radiators are made gas heating, completely different and much cheaper than, for example, for boilers operating on solid fuels (coal, etc.).
Electric boilers
This is the most expensive way to heat a house ().
But! Electric heating boilers have some advantages:
- A large selection of power - from 2 to 40 kW;
- Stability in work;
- Do not pollute the atmosphere in the house;
- Very easy to use;
- Built-in circulation pump;
- Supplied with an expansion tank and temperature sensor;
- They are distinguished by their reliability in work;
- Inexpensive repair and maintenance.
In terms of prices, electric boilers are comparable to gas ones.
Oil-fired boilers
Most consumers do not even know that traditional liquid fuel heating boilers are now able to work not only on diesel fuel, but also:
- Kerosene;
- Light grades of oil;
- Waste oils (including synthetic oils);
- Fuel oil.
It is enough to change the burners for the required type of fuel.
For reference! There are universal liquid fuel boilers on sale without burners. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a burner for diesel or gas independently.
But when using liquid fuel heating boilers, a number of features must be taken into account:
- Compared to gas boilers, fuel costs will increase significantly.
- The purchase and installation costs are higher than other types of heating.
- On the site near the house, it is necessary to leave space for the installation of a large-sized container for storing fuel supplies.
- In order to prevent the specific smell of diesel fuel and the noise from the operation of the burners from spreading in the living quarters in the house, it is better to install heating equipment in a separate building.
- Since the burner requires the operation of automation and pumps powered by electricity, provide for the installation of a backup generator in order to organize smooth operation.
- For the stable operation of liquid fuel boilers, only good quality fuel is required.
For convenience, the table summarizes the estimated characteristics of heating boilers, different types fuel:
Heating systems diagrams
The water heating system can be organized in two types:
- Single-circuit;
- Double-circuit.
And according to the principle of movement, systems are:
- Single pipe;
- Two-pipe;
- Collector;
- Leningrad.
Single pipe
The one-pipe heating system is installed in series - one radiator after another. A significant drawback of this system is immediately apparent from the diagram. The coolant, passing from one radiator to another, begins to cool down. With a less intensive circulation of water in distant radiators, it not only gives up the entire remainder of the temperature to the metal, but also slowly flows into the return.
Thus, if the number of radiators for heating is too large, then the last radiator may be generally cold.
In addition, such a heating system is not practical to repair. To repair one radiator, you have to stop all heating in a private house.
Output! In one-pipe heating systems, the circuit cannot be extended indefinitely.
Two-pipe
In a two-pipe heating system, maintenance is much easier. Hot water is supplied to the radiator along one line of the pipeline, and through the other pipe (waste water) it flows back to the boiler. Radiators in this circuit are connected in parallel.
For ease of operation and repair, each pipe is mounted with a shut-off valve. Here, too, the water at the last radiator in the system will be colder, but much hotter than in a one-pipe system.
Collector
The figure shows that the supply and return system for each heating radiator is organized independently of each other. A significant plus in such a system is the ability to coordinate the temperature in any room separately. It is also very convenient to repair any section of the pipeline and each radiator separately.
To date, all experts have recognized the collector heating system as the most progressive.
But there are also disadvantages:
- Requires the installation of a manifold cabinet;
- Cost-sensitive pipe flow for the installation of the heating system.
Leningradskaya
The more advanced one-pipe system, which, combined with ease of installation and low cost, is still very popular today.
Despite the fact that the Leningrad heating system began to be introduced many years ago, it is now successfully used in construction multi-storey buildings... This system has the main feature - simplicity. For the device of such a system, you can have a minimum of knowledge and get along with a minimum amount of materials than in two-pipe systems. In addition, such a system has the ability to control each radiator in the system.
System installation
After the choice of the heating system has been made, the most correct step is to contact the design office. Having in hand a project of work and drawings, you can purchase and store necessary materials, monitoring and control devices, component parts.
Installation begins with the choice of the installation site for the heating boiler. If combustion products are released during the operation of boilers, optimal solution there will be a separate boiler house construction. It is possible to place the boiler room in the basement, provided that there is good ventilation and sound insulation.
The boiler itself is installed at such a distance from the walls that there is always free access to it for maintenance.
The floor and wall covering near the boiler must be made of fireproof materials. A chimney system is installed from the boiler to the street.
The following steps for the installation of the heating system will be carried out according to the project:
- Installation of a circulation pump;
- Distribution manifold assembly;
- Measuring instruments;
- Manual or automatic adjustment devices.
After the completion of the installation of the boiler, they proceed to work on the installation of main pipelines, according to the selected heating scheme, to the places where the radiators will be installed. In residential buildings, it will be necessary to make passages for pipelines in the walls and partitions. Based on the selected material, the pipes are connected to each other by previously prepared elements.
Installation work is completed with the installation of radiators. Usually, the installation adheres to the following conditions:
- Distance from the floor - 12 cm;
- The distance from the walls is up to 5 cm.
On the pipes at the inlet and outlet of radiators installed shut-off valves, temperature sensors and other adjusting elements.
Completing the installation work - pressure testing of the entire system.
Boiler connection
Connecting the installed boiler to the heating system as follows:
- The piping system laid through the house is connected to the outlets on the boiler.
- As a rule, shut-off valves that cut off from the general system are installed at the joints.
- For the operation of electrical devices, wires and a ground loop are connected.
- Installation of safety valves, thermostats and other devices (installed before installing shut-off valves).
- For gas heating boilers - connection to the gas pipeline.
- Filling the heating system with water.
- Pressurizing the system with high pressure. Along the way, leaks in the system are identified and eliminated.
- Pressure relief in pipes to working.
Important! When starting up a gas boiler for the first time, a representative of the gas company must be present.
Modern market building materials offers a large selection of pipes from a variety of materials for the installation of a heating system.
Of course, with sufficient welding skills, you can opt for the usual steel pipes. But why, in advance, doom yourself to a guaranteed repair of the system due to the fact that the pipes will be subject to corrosion?
If there is a desire to use either copper or stainless pipes, then it can only be approved if the owner is not limited in financial resources and is not afraid of certain difficulties in installation. Such pipes are the most expensive, but they are not afraid of high pressure and high temperature.
The most inexpensive option is polypropylene pipes. But it must be borne in mind that the joints with the fittings are carried out by the soldering method and if the heating of the joint is insufficient, this place will surely flow. And if overheated, it is possible to overlap the inner section with molten material.
Recently, polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes are very popular. Installation is quite simple, provided that the joints are made on pressed fittings. They can be laid under the flooded floors when installing a "warm floor" system.
With a large selection of modern radiators, it is at least not rational to opt for traditional cast-iron radiators (). Due to their low thermal conductivity, they have lost their former popularity.
Aluminum radiators
In addition to high heat dissipation, aluminum radiators are very lightweight.
Due to the fact that they have a variety of center distances (350-500mm), the installation of the heating system is very easy. Aluminum radiators have a number of advantages that distinguish them favorably from other heating devices:
- High heat dissipation;
- Lightweight construction;
- High working pressure (18 atm.);
- Nice design.
Bimetallic radiators
Systems of this type combine the advantages of both sectional (made of aluminum alloys) and tubular (made of steel):
- Increased strength (up to 40 atmospheres);
- Long service life (up to 20 years);
- Nice design;
- A high level of heat transfer.
Steel panel radiators
Main advantage steel radiators - in a quick response to temperature drops in the coolant.
They instantly heat up and also cool down rapidly. Such properties have a significant impact on energy saving.
A large area of \u200b\u200bstamped steel panels has a positive effect on high heat transfer, and the presence of a ribbed surface increases the area of \u200b\u200bthe heater. These qualities increase the comfort and efficiency of heating.
Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators
The decision to replace the entire heating system has been made finally. The main elements of the system have been selected, it remains to decide the question - what power can the radiators themselves produce?
It is this indicator that is actually the most important in determining the properties of the heating system.
Take, for example, a room with an area of \u200b\u200b10 m² with a ceiling height of 3 m. The volume of the room, respectively, is 10x3 \u003d 30 m³.
But this indicator does not fully describe the characteristics of the radiator. It is known from the standards that a heating radiator with an output power of at least 40 watts is required to heat 1m³ of a room.
The result is: 30x40 \u003d 1200 watts.
For insurance, you can add 15-20%. This is exactly the amount of heat needed to heat such a room. As you can see, the calculations are quite simple and you can do them yourself before going to the store.
When we figured out the power of the radiator, it remains to choose the method of connecting it to the mains, which is carried out in several ways, as in the figure:
Lateral connection of heating batteries is used when installing to risers. If the main pipes are laid under the floor covering or at floor level - diagonal.
As you can see from the figure, these two connection methods maximize the use of the entire battery surface.
Finds its supporters and lower versatile way of connecting. It can be seen from the figure that with this direction of hot water, it is impossible to effectively warm up the entire space of the radiator.
Errors during installation
Shortcomings and errors in installation works - not uncommon. Their description is a topic for a separate article, but the most common ones can be distinguished:
- Illiterate selection of a heat source;
- Defects in the boiler circuit;
- Incorrectly selected heating system;
- The careless attitude of the installers.
Choosing a boiler with insufficient power is the most common mistake.
The desire to save on the cost of the boiler, but at the same time to power up not only the heating system, but also to organize the supply of hot water, will lead to the fact that the heat generator will not be able to provide the house with a sufficient amount of heat.
All elements and devices in the boiler piping must be installed in accordance with their functional properties. For example, it is recommended to insert a pump on the return lines of pipelines and do not forget to take into account the horizontal position of the pump shaft.
With an incorrectly selected heating system, there is a risk of additional alterations. So if you "hang" more than five radiators on a one-pipe system, most often the rest will not heat at all.
A flaw in the installation with your own hands can be cited examples of poorly exposed slopes, not welded connections or the installation of improperly selected stop valves.
For example, if you confuse the installation locations of the valves on the pipes in front of the inlet (ordinary tap) and at the outlet of the radiator (water supply control valve). It also happens that the installation of pipes in the floor occurs without mandatory insulation, so that the water does not cool on the way to the radiator.
This is a small overview of how to make heating a private house, you can finish. Now, the whole complex of those activities is described that must be carried out by the owner of the house with his own hands so that expensive work does not go to waste, but pleases with comfort and warmth throughout the house for a long time.
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Just a few decades ago, stoves were the only type of home heating, due to the cheapness of solid fuels and the lack of access to other sources of energy. In a relatively short time, heating systems have developed very strongly and so many varieties have appeared that the owner of the house may have the agony of choosing exactly the option that suits him best. In this article, we will try to figure out step by step how to make heating in a private house, since this question inevitably arises both during construction and during reconstruction.
Types of energy sources and factors determining their choice
The main factor affecting right choice heating systems is the presence of nearby available fuel or energy source, which will subsequently be converted into the heat we need. What is being used by humanity at the present time.
Solid fuel
Solid fuels
Since ancient times, solid fuel has been used by man as a source of energy. They can be:
- Firewood or any kind of wood, including wood waste. This is the most used type of fuel for a long time, which has not lost its relevance until now. Its modern types can also be attributed to the same category: pellets or fuel briquettes (eurowood), for the production of which dried and compressed wood waste is used. Due to the low moisture content in these products, manufacturers assure that their calorific value is 2-3 times higher than that of traditional firewood.
- Coal gives off more heat when burned than wood, but it forms a significant amount of slag, which requires periodic cleaning and removal. To ignite coal, you will need all the same wood fuel.
- Peat in its pure form is no longer used for fuel, so manufacturers offer so-called peat briquettes, where the raw material is thoroughly dried and then pressed into a form convenient for transportation and storage. Naturally, the calorific value of such briquettes is much higher than that of natural peat.
Fireplaces and stoves
The earliest sources of heat energy were ordinary fires, and then fireplaces and stoves appeared, where there is already at least some control over the combustion of solid fuel. And it is too early to send this type of heating to the "dustbin of history". If we are talking about a private house where people appear periodically, and not permanently (for example, a summer residence), then a fireplace or stove would be an ideal option. Craftsmen have developed many wonderful projects in which a fireplace and stove are combined. In such houses, owners with such stoves can simultaneously admire an open flame, heat the premises and cook food.
A stove combined with a fireplace is an excellent option for heating a country house
For more information, read the article on our website.
Solid fuel boilers
In order to transfer energy to the coolant, which is most often water, there are special solid fuel boilers, they were undeservedly pushed into the background for a long time, thanks to the triumphant march of gas boilers. But recently, against the background of the constant rise in prices for the main energy sources: electricity, gas and different types liquid fuels - they take on a rebirth. We list the main advantages of solid fuel boilers:
- Solid fuel boilers have the lowest cost of generated thermal energy: one kilowatt of energy produced by them in 4 timescheaper,than at burning natural gas, not less than 8 times cheaper,than at burning diesel fuel and 17 times cheaper than heat generated by an electric boiler.
- Most modern solid fuel boilers do not require an electrical connection, their automation is non-volatile. Therefore, it is beneficial to operate them where there is no gas supply, there are frequent interruptions or there is no power supply. It should be noted that for complete autonomy with a solid fuel boiler, a heating system with natural circulation and an open expansion tank should be designed.
- Modern models of pyrolysis boilers long burning practically "omnivorous" - they accept any type of solid fuel, including various combustible waste. They require only one to two times a day to clean and bookmark. Due to the conditions created in them, the combustion of fuel occurs most completely, therefore, there is much less ash and slag in them.
But, solid fuel boilers are not flawless, therefore, they have a number of disadvantages:
- Even in the presence of "advanced" automation, this type of boilers requires the mandatory participation of a person to clean and book a new portion of fuel. Pellet boilers are partially devoid of this drawback, in which the supply from the bunker to the combustion chamber occurs automatically, but they also require periodic cleaning, and the cost of the pellets is still "biting".
- Solid fuel boilers are large and require a separate room for themselves and for a supply of fuel, as well as a chimney that can withstand high temperatures.
- These types of boilers have a very high thermal inertia and can generate excess heat for heating, so it is advisable to equip them with water heat accumulator, and this greatly affects the total cost of the heating system.
Nevertheless, solid fuel boilers will still be used by mankind for a very long time, since they run on renewable fuels, which cannot be said about hydrocarbons, the reserves of which are depleted and their prices are constantly growing. In private houses, their use is justified only where there is no gas supply or there is a source of solid fuel at a very low price.
Liquid fuels and liquid fuel boilers
Most liquid fuel boilers run on diesel fuel (diesel fuel), less often on fuel oil. Their use is justified only when there is no access to either natural gas or solid fuels. Without electricity, however, they don't work. The advantages of liquid fuel boilers are:
- To install such a boiler, you do not need to obtain special permits (as with gas boilers).
- Oil-fired boilers have high efficiency.
- Most of the models have high power, which allows you to heat large houses or a group of buildings.
- Oil-fired boilers are easy to adjust.
- Some models can be converted into gas boilers by replacing the burner.
- The heat generated by an oil-fired boiler is much cheaper than an electric one.
Disadvantages of liquid fuel boilers:
- Such boilers are volatile; the burner requires electricity to operate. In case of interruptions in its supply, manual start-up is required.
- For the installation of the boiler, a special separate room with good ventilation is required.
- A large storage capacity is required to store fuel stocks, and it is necessary to provide for electric heating of diesel fuel in winter.
- Oil boilers are very noisy due to the fan burner.
- The heat produced by such boilers is much more expensive than that produced by gas or solid fuel.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that it is advantageous to install liquid fuel boilers for heating large private houses, which in the future, with the supply of highways, will be converted to gas.
Heating with electrical energy
The transmission and use of electrical energy is by far the most convenient. And the conversion to heat is the easiest, and the heating process is also easy to control. Why isn't it used the way we would like it to be? First of all, it is worth knowing how electrical energy can be used for heating?
Direct heating methods with electricity
In this method, the transfer of heat to the premises takes place without an "intermediary" - the heat carrier, but directly. The implementation of such electric heating can take place in different ways:
- Heating with oil coolers. These devices are known to the majority and represent a heating heating element placed inside a metal radiator with mineral oil, which, when heated, transfers heat to the body of the device, which is already in the surrounding room. With electric oil heaters, heat is transferred both by convection and by radiation. They have a certain thermal inertia characteristic of classic cast iron radiators, are easy to install, however, this type of heating device is more expensive than convectors.
- Heating with electric convectors is easier than with oil radiators. In such devices, the heating element is placed in a ceramic shell and hermetically sealed into a case of steel or aluminum, which has a ribbed shape. When heated, heat is distributed over the convector, cold air enters from below and, passing through the ribs, heats up and rises upward, that is, convection occurs. The heated air already transfers heat to building structures and surrounding objects. The proportion of radiation in such devices is approximately 10%.
- Heating with electric underfloor heating has proven itself very well as an auxiliary in private houses and apartments, but it can also be used as the main one - if only the allocated power is enough. Such heating is realized using heating cables or infrared films that hide either in the floor screed, or under floor coverings... This is one of the most comfortable types of electric heating.
- Heating with infrared radiators is one of the most modern species electric heating. The main elements - emitters, can be mounted on the ceiling, walls, floor. They can be both stationary and mobile. The conversion of electrical energy into infrared rays occurs with the help of quartz emitters, which allows a very high proportion of infrared radiation to be obtained. A feature of such radiators is that they heat only those objects that are in their area of \u200b\u200baction. This allows you to create zones with different temperature conditions.
- Heating in private houses with fan heaters has worked well, but not as a stationary, but as an aid to the main one. For example, on the coldest days, the main heating system does not cope with its function or you need to quickly warm up the room country house in winter, while the inertial water radiators return to their normal mode.
The direct method of heating with electricity is the simplest to implement, since for its implementation you only need to fix the heating devices and conduct wiring to them, if necessary, install thermostats and controllers. The widespread use of this heating method is limited, first of all, by the high cost of electricity, the limitation of the allocated capacity per house, as well as expensive equipment.
Electrical water heating
This type of heating can be called indirect, since heat is transferred first from the heating elements to the coolant - water, and only then the water is distributed through pipelines around the premises and gives off its heat through conventional heating radiators. The heart of such a system is electric boilers, which can be of several types:
- Electric boilers with heating elements (tubular electric heaters), which are used in washing machines and electric kettles. The advantages of such boilers are their simplicity, which favorably affects the price. The main disadvantage is the inevitable formation of scale, which greatly reduces heat transfer over time.
- Electrode boilers use water itself as a heater, which, when an electric current is passed through it, undergoes an electrolysis process with a large release of heat. Such boilers have compact dimensions, no scale is formed in them, but their operation requires water preparation and periodic replacement of electrodes.
- Induction boilers use the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction to heat water. In a sealed coil, an alternating magnetic field of high frequency is generated, under its influence, Foucault currents are generated in the core and body of the boiler, heating the metal. Heat is transferred to the circulating heat carrier - water. Such boilers are reliable, have high efficiency, but their price is also higher than for heating elements and electrode.
Summarizing all the positive characteristics of electric water boilers, we can note their advantages:
- Electric boilers are small in size and can be installed in any convenient place in a private house.
- They have high efficiency, are quiet in operation, do not emit any harmful substances, do not require chimneys.
- Electric boilers are safe to operate.
- They can be integrated into an existing heating system with gas or solid fuel boilers as a reserve, an auxiliary element or to prevent the coolant from freezing in winter.
- Electric boilers are easy to adjust and maintain.
The main factor that, unfortunately, limits their widespread and ubiquitous use is the higher price of electricity compared to gas or solid fuels. Most of the world's electricity is produced by burning hydrocarbons, so this most convenient-to-use energy still loses to them in terms of economic indicators.
Heating by gas boilers
At the moment, heating a private house with gas boilers is the most profitable and promising, and this trend will continue for more than a decade. Why is it advantageous to have a gas boiler as the "heart" of the heating system?
- Combustion gas has a very high calorific value, the cost of gas heating is one of the lowest.
- Gas boilers of some models can operate in the absence of power supply, therefore they can be turned on completely autonomous system heating.
- Modern wall-mounted gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber (turbo boilers) do not require a separate room; they can become a beautiful part of the kitchen interior.
- In gas double-circuit boilers, the function of heating water is effectively implemented.
- Gas boilers have high efficiency, their power is easily regulated, they lend themselves to the process of automation of the heating system, remote control (even via the Internet or a GSM module).
- Modern gas boilers do not create a lot of noise during operation, with the exception of models with a fan burner.
- All modern certified boilers are equipped with a multi-level security system that minimizes the likelihood of gas leakage and overheating of the coolant.
- The combustion of gas does not generate slags and soot, therefore, for a long time, boilers do not require human intervention.
With all the economic benefits and attractiveness of gas heating, there are pitfalls that should be considered:
- Work on connecting the main gas and connecting the gas boiler requires mandatory design, registration of a package of permits, which is associated with very high financial costs, they take a long time.
- The gas boiler must not be installed and commissioned by yourself.
- Gas boilers are complex and explosive equipment that requires periodic monitoring and maintenance only by authorized organizations. Moreover, this requirement is mandatory and this is associated with additional costs.
- Gas boilers of high power (from 50 kW) work only with chimneys and require a separate room that meets certain standards in terms of area, volume, ventilation.
- Modern gas boilers operating in systems with forced circulation of the coolant require connection to the electrical network.
It happens that the consumer decides to equip the heating system of his house with a gas boiler, but powered not from the main, but from liquefied gas. This approach is quite justified when it is planned to switch to main gas in the future, for this, the burners in the boiler are changed and the settings are adjusted. It is extremely inconvenient to be constantly heated from cylinders with liquefied gas, especially in large houses, and the construction of a gas storage facility - a gas tank - is an extremely troublesome and costly event.
Therefore, before making a choice in favor of gas boilers, you should take into account all the above factors and evaluate the forthcoming costs. And, perhaps, with this money it will be possible to buy such a reserve of solid fuel, which will last for several decades. It happens!
Alternative methods of heating a private house
There are methods for heating private houses that allow you to abandon the combustion of gas, liquid or solid fuel, and the use of expensive electrical energy. This is one of the most promising areas that is rapidly developing in developed countries. It is about the use of solar and geothermal energy.
Using solar collectors
The idea of \u200b\u200busing solar energy for heating and heating water has long found its implementation in developed countries. For example, in Israel, 3% of all energy produced in the country comes from solar collectors, which saves more than two million barrels of oil per year. In China, the total capacity of solar collectors exceeds all nuclear power plants in Russia combined. And there are many more such examples.
In the conditions of Russia, solar collectors will not be able to fully provide the heating system in winter with the necessary heat, but they will be able to make their significant contribution by saving energy resources. The use of solar energy gives the owner of a private house undeniable advantages:
- In the summer, solar collectors can fully provide a private house hot water.
- In winter, solar collectors can save 30-50% of heating costs in Russia.
- No permission is required to install and operate the collectors.
However, the use of solar collectors is associated with certain difficulties:
- High cost of equipment and installation.
- Lack of enough classroom specialists.
- Solar collectors only work on sunny days, so you need capacity-heat accumulatorso that the accumulated energy can be used at night.
- In the summertime, the collectors can enter the stagnation mode, when the heat collected by them simply has nowhere to go. Even capacities heat accumulator may not be enough. The best way to release excess heat is by heating the pool water.
At current prices for equipment and energy, lack of government support for widespread implementation solar collectors for heating and water heating purposes, their use will most often be impractical. True, in the summer, self-made solar collectors perfectly heat water in showers, and home-made air collectors made of aluminum cans heat the premises on sunny winter days.
Using heat pumps
One of the promising areas of alternative energy sources is heat pumps. These units "pump out" heat from the environment, from any object that has a temperature of at least 1 degree Celsius. Such objects can be soil, a body of water or wells in the ground, where the temperature is constant. We can say that a heat pump is a refrigerator only turned on the other way around. The evaporator, which takes away heat, is laid in the ground or pond, and the condenser, which gives off the heat, is located inside the house. By the way, heat pumps are very similar in appearance to refrigerators.
The world has already accumulated considerable experience in the use of heat pumps, which allows us to say about the advantages of this heating method:
- Heat pumps are the greenest and safest way to generate energy from the environment, using completely renewable natural sources.
- In the summer, these units can be used for air conditioning - dumping excess heat from the house into the outside environment.
- Heat pumps operate silently; they do not require separate rooms, chimneys, or fuel supplies.
The main and, perhaps, the only drawback that determines the low use of heat pumps on the territory of the former USSR is the high cost of equipment and installation, which may not pay off over the entire service life of these units. While the costs of installing and operating heat pumps are not equal to gas boilers, it is premature to talk about their widespread introduction. This will happen someday, but it is not known when, since the gas lobby in Russia is still quite strong.
Calculation and design of a heating system for a private house
After the owner of a private house has decided on what type of fuel he will use, it is necessary to choose exactly the heating system that will be preferable to him. What should be taken into account in this case?
- If power outages or power outages very often occur at the location of the house, then stoves, fireplaces, non-volatile solid fuel or gas boilers will be most preferable. In this case, the heating system should be with natural circulation of the coolant. If there is an emergency gasoline or diesel generator, then a more modern heating system can be designed.
- If a gas main is connected to the house, then the unambiguous choice is a gas boiler with a two-pipe water heating system with forced circulation. These systems have proven themselves excellently, are easy to design, install, manage and repair. If the gas supply is planned in the near future, then at first you can get by with an electric boiler, it is better to leave it in the system as a backup in the future.
- The best results are obtained by a combination of radiator heating and warm water floors. In small rooms, you can equip electric underfloor heating. Warm floors are made in bathrooms, kitchens, corridors, halls, pool rooms - where tiles or porcelain stoneware are laid.
- In houses of periodic appearance, which will be idle for most of the winter season, it is better to provide a stove, fireplace or infrared emitters - they will quickly warm up the premises when the owners appear. The heating medium in such houses can freeze.
Heating system design
Sometimes the owners of private houses neglect the design of the heating system. And in vain! This step must be performed by specialists. Why?
- The calculation and design of any heating system begins with an assessment of the heat loss at home. The methodology for these calculations has a rather complex algorithm: it is necessary to use a mass of reference data, regulatory documents, take into account the climatic zone, the orientation of the house to the cardinal points and many other initial data. Only a specialist can do it.
- If necessary, the designers will give their recommendations on the insulation of the whole house or "cold bridges", which will save a lot of money in the future.
- In the calculations carried out by specialists, recommendations will be given on the purchase of specific heating equipment and materials in the required amount, which will avoid excessive costs.
- The heating system design includes detailed drawings and axonometric diagrams for the installation of each heating device, the diameter of the pipelines and their laying routes, which will avoid installation errors.
There is a simplified method for calculating the power of the boiler. To do this, it is assumed that for every 10 m 2 of the room there should be 1 kW of boiler power plus 10%. For example, the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is 180 m 2, therefore the boiler must have a capacity of 18 kW + 1.8 kW \u003d 19.8 kW. From the selected model, one is selected whose power is not less, for example, 20 kW. This technique works about 70% of the time, but the remaining 30% may hide unexpected rework costs.
Calculator for calculating the required heat output
You can approach the calculation and a slightly more complex, but at the same time - a very accurate method. It is necessary to calculate the demand for heat energy for each room, taking into account the existing features, and then sum up the values \u200b\u200bobtained.
| Premises | Area, m2 | External walls, number, are included in: | Number, type and size of windows | External doors (to the street or to the balcony) | Calculation result, kW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL | 22.4 kW | ||||
| 1st floor | |||||
| Kitchen | 9 | 1, South | 2, double glazing, 1.1 × 0.9 m | 1 | 1.31 |
| Hallway | 5 | 1, S-W | - | 1 | 0.68 |
| Canteen | 18 | 2, C, B | 2, double glazing, 1.4 × 1.0 | no | 2.4 |
| etc | |||||
| 2nd floor | |||||
| Children | … | … | … | … | …. |
| Bedroom 1 | … | … | … | … | … |
| Bedroom 2 | … | … | … | … | … |
| etc |
Then, putting the plan of the house in front of you and, if necessary, taking some measurements with a tape measure, you can quickly fill in all the required values. It remains only to calculate the required power for each room - this is completely easy to do if you use the capabilities of our calculator:
Preparing all the materials in order to make water heating with your own hands is within the power of any homeowner. If the whole complex of reconstruction works seems to be rather complicated, it doesn’t matter! Now that there are computer technologies and the Internet, it is possible to study the theoretical part in more detail.
The main advantages of water heating
Of all heating systems, hot water is the most common. Water acts as a heat carrier. Heated by a heating boiler (), it enters the system of pipelines and radiators, where it circulates in a closed loop.
For what reasons choose a water type of heating:
- It is possible to install such a system both for a ready-made private house and at the construction stage.
- Provided that shut-off valves and temperature controllers are installed on batteries, it is possible to maintain the selected temperature for each room separately.
- This is the cheapest and most common heat carrier.
- Water, as a heat carrier, can be used with heating boilers () using any type of fuel.
Hot water heating systems
Hot water heating systems are distinguished according to the principle of water movement through pipelines:
- natural circulation;
- forced circulation.
Natural water intake
With natural circulation, the water in the heating system travels along the principle of the water cycle - hot water tends to rise up, and cold water goes down. The heated water after the heating boiler moves independently through the pipes to the battery.
The heat carrier, passing through the entire surface, heats up the heating element, which gives off heat to the air and after that it returns to the boiler cooler to repeat the cycle.
For the operation of a water heating system with natural circulation of the coolant there is a row technical requirements for more efficient space heating:
- the expansion tank must be installed at the highest point of the heating system;
- the installation of the pipeline for the return is carried out at the bottom of the water heating devices with a difference in height between the last radiator and the end point;
- the pipeline for returning water to the system (return) must be of a larger diameter than for the supply;
- the slope of the return pipeline must be strictly verified in accordance with the technical requirements.
Important! The main advantage of water systems with natural circulation is the absence of pumping equipment.
Such heating systems are made both open and closed. In the first version, the water in the expansion tank is in direct contact with the surrounding air. In closed-type systems, an expansion tank of a special design is installed:
The use of such an expansion tank excludes the ingress of oxygen into the pipeline system, which has a positive effect on the durability of water heaters.
Pipelines with natural circulation of the coolant are interesting for the consumer due to their simplicity, safety and autonomy.
Important! If desired, this scheme can be easily converted into a system with forced circulation of the coolant.
Forced circulation of the coolant
In forced circulation, a pump is included in the work of water circulation through pipes and batteries, which directs and enhances the movement of the coolant through the system.
Undoubtedly optional equipment - these are additional financial costs. But it also gives additional benefits:
- there is no need for strict adherence to pipeline slopes;
- pipelines can be of the same diameter;
- it becomes possible to connect space heating to the water system using a "warm floor";
- temperature sensors can be embedded in the system, which regulate the temperature in each room of a private house separately;
- enables the use plastic pipes, which are much cheaper than steel water supply;
- installation work is greatly facilitated.
The main disadvantage is dependence on power outages. It is solved by using either combined types of heating, or the installation of backup power generators.
Types of water heating schemes
By the way the heating devices are connected to the pipes, two methods are distinguished:
- Single pipe. The radiators are connected one after the other in series.
Hot water sequentially passes through each heating device and from the latter goes directly to the boiler. Such water system with fewer pipelines, it is popular - quick installation. But it should be noted that the heating of the last radiator in the chain is significantly reduced due to big heat loss heat carrier (water).
- Two-pipe. A more complex way of organizing heat supply for water heating devices, but also more productive. Due to the fact that the supply of pipes with hot and cold water to each radiator is separate, the heat loss of the carrier is much lower.
The possibility of installing a "warm floor" is also added.
Types of water radiators
By the method of heating the room, water heating structures can be divided into:
- radiator;
- "warm floor";
- baseboard heating.
Radiator
Typical for Khrushchev, cast-iron radiators for water heating are rarely used in modern construction (how to choose for a private house). Now more often you can find radiators made of other material:
- bimetallic;
- steel;
- from aluminum alloys.
Such radiators have proved to be excellent in work, despite certain requirements for the water itself. For long-term operation, water must meet, for example, such requirements as the percentage of oxygen, iron and other impurities in it. All this is listed in RD 34.20.501-95.
Underfloor heating
The "warm floor" system is most often installed as an addition to the radiator type for heating the premises of the house (). Despite the complexity in the construction of such floors, their main advantage is a large heating area. Virtually the entire floor surface works like one large radiator. Heat exchange of air in the house takes place in the optimal correct mode - the heated air in the room rises from the bottom up, filling the entire space.
In addition to comfort, the use of "warm floor" allows you to reduce the operating water temperature to 55 ºC.
But there is one major drawback. Such a heating system is difficult to implement in already residential premises. To lay pipelines, it is required to raise the level of the existing floor and you cannot do without replacing the interior doors.
Skirting boards
A new direction in heating the premises of the house is the plinth heating system. It combines the advantages of radiators and "warm floor".
All equipment - both pipes and radiators - are installed around the perimeter of the room at the level of the baseboards. This allows both walls and floors to be heated at the same time. Accordingly, the air warms up more evenly.
The advantages of such systems:
- Traditional radiators are excluded from the interior of the room.
- Possibility to carry out installation in existing living quarters.
- A wide range of colors of skirting boards makes it possible to decorate the interior of the room to your liking.
Conclusion
Water heating country house Is the most popular heating method. It has stood the test of time. He is decades old. And the modern design is more refined and improved. It can be safely recommended for heating private houses.
