And making a bubafon with a hob. The internal structure of the long burning "bubafonya" furnace. Required materials and tools

04.11.201727.05.2017

If you pay attention to how much a cast-iron or steel wood-fired stove costs in the retail network, you will quickly understand that buying it for heating a garage and a summer cottage with a greenhouse is not always justified. A more affordable option is a potbelly stove from a long-burning gas cylinder, made by hand or welded by a master to order according to your drawings. In any case, the design of a homemade stove is up to you. Our goal is to help in this choice, to tell about the technology of self-assembly of the heater and the correct installation, right down to the chimney device.

Outdated and inefficient heating technology is gradually becoming a thing of the past, which also affects homemade heaters. Today, no one needs primitive iron boxes with pipes and doors that devour firewood without good heat transfer. A modern potbelly stove should be comfortable to use and economical. Therefore, advanced craftsmen - craftsmen are constantly working to improve it.

In order to achieve the most efficient operation of a wood-burning heater, it is necessary to solve 2 questions: how to increase the efficiency of a stove-stove and the duration of burning from one load, without increasing the amount and price of the materials used. We present 3 options for homemade products, where these tasks were successfully solved and implemented:

three-pass furnace from two propane cylinders;
pyrolysis stove with an air-fire tube heat exchanger and a secondary chamber;
a very popular design - "Bubafonya" with top burning of wood from a gas cylinder.

For reference. The first 2 units are designed, made and tested by our expert who kindly provided his photos and videos.

If you are friends with the welding machine and have the necessary tools, then there will be no technical problems with manufacturing. Below we will present the drawings and explain the technology of how to make a potbelly stove from a gas cylinder in all three options. But first, make your choice by reading the review of these ovens.

Three-way potbelly stove - the principle of operation and pluses with minuses

The master gave this homemade stove the playful name "Collider" because of its unusual appearance and good heat transfer. This wood-fired stove is made from two standard propane cylinders with a capacity of 50 liters, welded to each other at an angle of 90 °, as shown in the drawing. The principle of operation is as follows:

The first tank, laid horizontally, plays the role of a firebox, and is accordingly equipped with doors and grates. An impressive portion of firewood is placed in it and set on fire.
The second vessel is an air heat exchanger with internal baffles that slow down the flow of flue gases and make them change direction three times and give off more heat. At the end, the combustion products leave the heater through the chimney.
To increase the heating surface, both parts of the body are equipped with additional ribs.
A sheet metal ash pan is welded to the bottom of the firebox, the door of which regulates the combustion air supply.

Cutaway drawing of a homemade three-way heater on wood

Note. With the same success, instead of cylinders, you can use a steel pipe for a stove with a diameter of 300 mm and thin walls (4-5 mm).

The approximate power of the "Collider" is 10 kW with an efficiency of about 55%, which makes it possible to heat a room with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 100 m² - a summer cottage, a greenhouse or large garage (boxing). Practical tests have shown that in the mode of keeping warm in a heated room, 1 load of firewood is enough for 1.5-2 hours. If you use a heating unit in a house with a smaller area (25-50 m²), then the burning time will increase to 3-4 hours. Anyone who understands the topic will understand that for a homemade potbelly stove this is a good economy.

Collider stove - general view

There is only one drawback of this long burning stove - a weird appearance. But it is offset by numerous advantages:

ease of manufacture;
quick warm-up and decent duration of work with 1 solid fuel tab;
the cheapness of the design, you only have to buy comfortable handles and even a pipe for a potbelly stove, if there are no propane cylinders;
due to the size of the firebox, long (80 cm) and massive logs are placed in the stove, which contributes to the duration of burning;
the unit can be made with a hob, as shown in the photo.

"Collider", like any potbelly stove from a gas cylinder, welded by hand, can be supplemented by the installation of a water circuit that regulates the air damper in the ash pan door and the external blower fan. The dimensions of the stove can be changed in either direction by selecting tanks of smaller capacity or pipes of a different diameter.

The work of a potbelly stove used to heat a 100 m² cafe is described in the video:

Overview of the pyrolysis oven for 2 chambers

This small wood-fired stove, made from a 24-liter gas cylinder, was named "Pyaterochka" by the number of pipes in the air heat exchanger. She acts on the following principle:

As in the previous case, the cylinder laid on one side serves as a combustion chamber, and an ash pan is attached to it from below. The role of the grate is played by the slits cut in the wall of the vessel.
An opening is made on top of the tank, where 5 vertical heat exchanger pipes are adjacent. Hot flue gases move along them and thus give off part of the heat to the room.
From the heat exchanger, the combustion products enter the secondary chamber, where heated air is separately supplied through a separate tube. Due to this, the combustible gases formed in the firebox are burned out and generate additional heat, after which they are sent to the chimney.

Drawing of a long-burning pyrolysis stove from a small cylinder

The results of practical tests of the heater are as follows: a room with an area of \u200b\u200b30 m² heats up to 20 ° C for 1 hour, after which one bookmark of a tree is enough for 1.5-2 hours, depending on the operating mode. Estimated power - 5 kW. As you can see, in this design, the burning time is reduced by reducing the firebox, but the stove is very compact and will fit in any room. And it heats up pretty well.

Council. Do you want to increase the burning time to an average of 4 hours? Then study the drawing of another option, which shows the same pyrolysis stove made with your own hands from a 50 liter gas cylinder. The design of the heating units is identical, the only difference is in the volume of tanks used as a firebox.

It looks like a two-chamber homemade stove

Thanks to the efficient combustion of firewood, the Pyaterochka stove is more economical than the Collider, although it is more difficult to assemble. In terms of the cost of materials, the difference between them is small - in the first 2 cylinders, in the second - 5 pipes with a diameter of 57 mm and a length of 40 cm. A separate advantage of the stove is the ability, after warming up, to burn wet wood and any garbage without losing the intensity of heating. The rest of the advantages are the same - cheapness, ease of use and the possibility of modernization.

Another good advice. It is quite natural if, after replacing a small cylinder with a standard one (50 l), you want to increase the heater's power and add 2-3 more pipes to the heat exchanger. Remember that the flow area and chimney draft should increase accordingly. Otherwise, you will waste materials and time, because due to insufficient draft, the outer sections will remain cold and the power of the oven will not increase.

Enlarged version of Pyaterochka from a large cylinder

Top burning stove "Bubafonya"

By and large, "Bubafonya" cannot be attributed to the category of bourgeois, since it is fundamentally different in the principle of operation. But it is impossible to ignore this stove due to its wide popularity, due to the duration of combustion with 1 load of wood from 6 to 10 hours. At the same time, the heater is famous for its numerous shortcomings, which we will discuss below.

The operation algorithm of the Bubafonya long-burning stove shown in the drawing is as follows:

The firebox is a 50 l upright propane cylinder. An air supply pipe enters through a hole in the top cover, ending in a thick metal disc. Steel strips are attached to it from below, distributing air in all directions.
When the firebox is filled to the top with firewood, the heavy disc presses them down and makes them sag as it burns. Ignition is also done from above, and only then the pipe with the load is lowered.
The combustion air supply is regulated by a damper installed on the upper end of the pipe. The chimney is cut into the side wall of the cylinder under the cover itself.

Top combustion furnace drawing and air distributor layout

Note. The place where the pipe passes through the lid is not sealed and secondary air is sucked into it, which helps to burn off the flammable gases above the disc when the oven is warmed up properly.

The strengths of "Bubafoni" are a decent duration of operation, simplicity and the possibility of converting into an upper combustion boiler (a furnace with a water jacket is made, as described in). But the weaknesses forced many garage owners to abandon such stoves:

the stove cannot be loaded until all the fuel has burned out;
from closing the damper, the firebox will not go out and will smolder for a long time, because secondary air gets into it;
without good draft, the heater smokes into the room;
in the mode of slow combustion, the stove heats up weakly, and the chimney is intensively clogged with soot;
to enter normal mode, the unit must warm up well, which consumes ¼ of fuel.

On the left in the photo - close-up of the air damper, on the right - homemade heat exchange fins from profiles for installing gypsum board

For reference. In order to burn off the soot in the chimney, it is necessary to drive the Bubafonya in maximum mode with each kindling.

Finally, let's sweeten the pill a little. Despite all the shortcomings, a long-burning stove from a gas cylinder does not lose popularity, in addition, it successfully operates on sawdust and various combustible debris.

Instructions for making a potbelly stove with your own hands

Before you weld a long burning wood stove, you should prepare all the necessary power tools:

welding inverter;
bulgarian, she is an angle grinder;
drill with a set of drills.

Note. We will not list the pliers and hammers here, since a good owner will always have a complete set of tools in the house.

Of course, you will need an old propane cylinder, from which you need to unscrew the valve and be sure to fill it with water before cutting. The fact is that propane is heavier than air and its residues will not leave the tank on their own. To push them out of there, just water is used. The order of further work depends on the chosen design.

Putting together a three-pass oven

In addition to cylinders, for the manufacture of this stove it is necessary to prepare the following materials:

sheet metal with a thickness of 2 mm will go to the ash chamber and ribs, 3 mm - to the doors;

trim round pipe with a diameter of 100 mm - on the chimney;

corners either shaped pipes for legs;

asbestos, or better - graphite-asbestos cord for sealing doors;

steel profile 20 x 20 mm or reinforcement of the same section - for reinforcement grate.

Docking of two cylinders (left) and welding of door frames (right)

Council. Handles - locks with beautiful ebonite pads are easier to buy than wasting time on homemade ones. To give your stove a modern look, purchase heat-resistant paint (sold in aerosol cans).

So that the rods do not bend from high temperature, they need to be reinforced with welded profiles

First of all, cut the metal into blanks according to the dimensions indicated in the drawing of the long-burning stove, presented in the previous section. The furnace manufacturing technology is as follows:

At the end of the first cylinder, cut an opening for the door and a hole in the wall for the gases to escape. Saw off the bottom of the second vessel, and make a hole at the end for a 100 mm pipe. Make semicircular cutouts on the walls so that one cylinder fits snugly on the other.

Cut through the slots of the grate. From the outside, weld reinforcements from the 20 mm profile to it.

Make ash pan and door frames, weld them to the body. Install the legs at the same time.

Weld the doors and seal the junction with the frame. Install the sashes and handles.

Use the cut walls of the cylinder as partitions by welding them inside the vertical tank.

Weld the two vessels together. Install the flue pipe and scald it.

Attach heat transfer fins to both housings. On this, the oven is ready.

A few words about how to make tight doors for a long-burning stove. The technology is simple: a channel is formed from narrow steel strips welded to the inner surface of the sash, into which a graphite-asbestos cord is subsequently stuffed. The main thing is to clearly define the location of the groove. At the end, all metal must be degreased and painted in 3 layers with drying breaks.

Council. Before dyeing, it is advisable to heat the cooked oven in order to burn out all the old paint.

Manufacturing of a pyrolysis two-chamber stove

The assembly scheme of this high-efficiency potbelly stove is in many ways similar to the "Collider", only 1 gas cylinder is used, and pipes with a diameter of 57 and 20 mm are added from the materials (to the heat exchanger and the secondary air supply, respectively). The order of work is as follows:

Cut openings in the tank for the loading door and for the installation of the heat exchanger. The dimensions of the platform for it are 260 x 200 mm.

Make an ash pan and install the doors as described above. Weld on the supports.

Make a heat exchanger by cutting the pipes staggered between two sheets of metal. Observe the center distances shown in the drawing.

Bend the 20 mm pipe at a 90 ° angle and weld it to the heat exchanger. Attach the latter to the opening cut in the balloon.

Weld the secondary chamber with the chimney. Use a semicircular blank as a cap, which used to be a cylinder wall. The heater is ready.

Stages of assembling the firebox door

Note. If you use a standard cylinder, then the work algorithm does not change, only the ash pan needs to be made larger (the size is shown in the drawing).

A little about how to properly supply air to the secondary chamber of a long-burning stove. Before installation, the end of the tube must be plugged, and 5-6 cuts must be made on the sides in the form of Latin V. Then the tube is inserted into the hole of the upper platform of the heat exchanger and scalded. If you make a potbelly stove with your own hands from a pipe taken instead of a cylinder, then you will need to weld the back wall and the front panel made of metal at least 4 mm thick.

These slots need to be made on the sides of the tube.

Photo of the potbelly stove assembly process

We put the frame of the doors

We weld the ash pan

We cut through the grates and reinforce them with a profile We weld the ash chamber to the cylinder
We put pens and locks Cut out the opening from above

View of the grate through the opening for the heat exchanger Cutting holes for pipes
We make a heat exchanger We assemble the second chamber with a heat exchanger and a stove

Making a potbelly stove on video

Assembling the heater "Bubafonya"

The manufacturing technology of this stove is one of the simplest. Take a 50 liter gas cylinder, cut off the upper part along the factory seam, and then do the following:

Weld a grate from a periodic profile with a diameter of 20-24 mm and install it according to the drawing. Cut out an opening below and place the ash chamber door.

Make a hole in the cut-off cap for an air pipe, and weld a steel strip to the outside of the cylinder to seal it.

Weld a disc weight with welded-on air diffusers to one end of the 57 mm pipe, and place an air damper on the other.

Install the flue pipe.

Insert the air pipe into the firebox and put on the cover.

In fact, 3 parts are the whole Bubafonya oven

For reference. Many home craftsmen do not put the grate and ash pan door in the Bubafonya stove. This simplifies the work, but complicates the operation: after the firewood burns out, the case has to be turned over in order to shake out the ash.

Installing the grate

How to install a stove and chimney correctly

When placing wood-burning heaters, it is important to observe fire safety rules. This is especially true for our expert ovens, whose upper part can glow red hot at maximum operation. Here the requirements are:

In a garage or country house built of bricks or other non-combustible materials, minimum distance to the walls of the room is not standardized. But any flammable objects or structures must be at least 50 cm from the body of the furnace.

In a greenhouse, the potbelly stove should not be placed close to plants and outside glass walls.

AT wooden house the floors under the stove are covered with a metal sheet protruding from the side of the firebox by 700 mm. The surrounding walls are also sewn up with metal to prevent fire.

A separate question is what to make a chimney for a stove. An aluminum corrugation is definitely not suitable, since the outlet gas temperature reaches 200-400 ° C, depending on the operating mode. What options are valid:

common steel pipe with thin walls;

roofing or stainless steel flue;

insulated sandwich chimney.

It is better to lay the flue duct at an angle (left) than just vertically (right)

Council. It is preferable to take the last version of the chimney - a double-walled pipe with a basalt fiber insulation in the middle.

To create good traction, the top of the pipe is placed at a height of 4 m or more, if measured from the grate. The "Bubafonya" potbelly stove is especially demanding for cravings; for it, the exhaust of gases should be made higher so that later there would be no questions about why the stove smokes into the room. Ideally, the vertical section of the chimney should end with a condensate collector, although many DIYers do not adhere to this rule.

By the way, the correct chimney allows you to increase the efficiency of the stove-stove. This is accomplished in two ways:

In a garage or greenhouse, the chimney is lengthened and laid at an angle, and at the other end of the room it goes to the roof, as shown in the photo. So hot combustion products will give more heat to the internal air.

On the vertical section of the chimney, a heat exchanger is installed, associated with water heating of a house or summer cottage.

Wiring diagram for a water heat exchanger on the chimney

A samovar-type heat exchanger, placed on the chimney, should not be directly connected to a water heating system, since there is a danger that the coolant can boil and break the pipelines. It is better to use the connection diagram through a container with water - a heat accumulator, which can also be made with your own hands from a gas cylinder. For a description and drawings of its design, you can.

Heading:

Recently, long-burning ovens are rapidly gaining in popularity. And this is quite logical, because a person does not want to spend a lot of money on fuel to heat the stove. Buying a boiler is also not worth it. There are several types of stoves that a person can make at home on their own. Such an original stove with an interesting design is the stove called Bubafonya.

It was invented not so long ago and this design has enormous potential for improvement and efficiency gain. On the Internet, you can find a lot of stove options with many experiments in appearance. Someone surrounds it with a water circuit, and someone puts it in an iron box. If you want to experiment, then this is the perfect design.

Before the beginning

Bubafonya has a fairly simple design. If a person knows how to hold a welding machine in his hands and can use it for its intended purpose, then making a Bubafon from a gas cylinder with his own hands will not be difficult. Many people happily take up the manufacture of such a stove, because:

You don't need to spend a lot of money on it.
It is simple yet effective.

Important! If the heating system will be used frequently, then it is better to take the "blanks" from thick-walled metal. These include gas cylinders and pipes. With frequent use, these elements of the stove will serve faithfully for many years. If a 200 liter barrel is taken into operation, then its walls are quite thin and they can burn out in several seasons.

Let's pay attention to some basic rules:

It is important to make the stove chimney collapsible. This is due to the peculiarities of the functioning of Bubafoni. If wet fuel is used for heating, then the chimney will need to be cleaned quite often.
It is necessary to remember about the fire safety rules for heating. Bubafonya from a gas cylinder gets very hot, it is important to take this into account.
At the beginning of the operation of a long-burning furnace, it is necessary to try the fuel in several degrees of moisture. So, after several furnaces, it will be possible to determine the best option that is best used for heating.

Making Bubafoni yourself

Bubafonya can be easily made with your own hands from a gas cylinder. In this case, it is not at all necessary to run to the market or to the store to buy a gas cylinder. Perhaps you or someone you know has an old bottle.

Gas cylinders must still be able to properly disassemble so that they do not explode. How this is done we look at the video.

The first step is to cut off the top of the gas cylinder. But it is not worth putting it off far. A little later, it will be used as a cover for the oven.

It is best if you increase the stove by 30 centimeters. Therefore, you will need to use another gas cylinder to build it up. He will serve as a donor.

Expanding the oven will increase its size, which means that it will be able to burn and heat longer. After building up, the structure looks like this.

At the next stage, we cut out a pancake from a thick sheet of steel (3-4 mm). The pancake diameter should be the same as the duct pipe. 6 identical blades must be welded to the bottom of the air distributor. They will help ensure that the fuel burns evenly in the stove. In addition, thanks to them, all pyrolysis gases at the top will burn out without residue.

The blades can be made either from a gas cylinder, which is used as a donor, or from another suitable material, which is at hand.

It is necessary to cut plates of 4 cm. The blades must be bent. The kinks will help provide more Bubafoni functionality. In the middle, you need to make a hole into which a pipe will be inserted through which air will enter the stove.

Sometimes, in some long-burning furnaces, another round plate is made, which has a slightly smaller diameter. It is needed to provide free space between the blades and the fuel. Thus, burning coals will not enter the channel through which air enters.

It should look like this:

On the other hand, we weld on the air intake pipe. And if you used a thin metal sheet, then in order not to lead it and to slightly increase the weight, you can weld several more plates with a triangle, which will give rigidity and weight. It looks like this.

It remains only to make a pipe for the smoke outlet. We take a weaving pipe. We cut a hole in the structure for it. Cut as close to the top of the stove as possible. The main thing is that the lid fits.

An important point. To cut a circle correctly, smoothly and beautifully, you must have a certain skill and knowledge. Watch the video on how to cut an even hole in metal with a grinder.

All parts must be welded and the long burning oven is ready.

So that there are no questions left, watch the video how the oven is made from start to finish.

Where to buy an oven

Bubafonya from a gas cylinder is made easily and in a short time. But if you do not have enough skills or time to do this, you can buy this oven. Naturally, you will not find such a unit in stores. But there are craftsmen on local forums who offer their services, or already finished products.

You can also search on the avito website. You can buy almost everything there. Starting from a boo gas cylinder, ending with a finished Bubafonei.

"Bubafonya" - or a long burning stove. First proposed on the Internet by Afanasy Bubyakin, a craftsman from Kolyma. He was the first to share with all the drawings of the furnace he tested. And since the nickname of Afonasiy is in the network "Bubafonja" (bubafonja), the name of this stove came from here. The principle of operation of the stove is somewhat similar to the Lithuanian boilers "Stropuva", only "Bubafonya" is much simpler. In fact, on the Internet, I have found dozens of similar ovens, different shapes and even names. But the principle of their action has always remained approximately the same.
In my opinion, the main advantage of this furnace is its very long burning time. The simplicity of making the stove is also pleasing. In the “bubafoni” scheme there are no doors, blowers, and ash pan. To make it, you can use any metal container you have at hand, and a couple, three metal pipes. Many people make a stove from old gas cylinders, metal barrels, old wide pipes, and even square iron boxes. Only the burning time depends on the volume of the furnace.

That is, the more fuel you can put in it, the longer it will burn. For example, a stove from a gas cylinder can burn for 5-6 hours, and from a two hundred liter barrel for 20-24 hours. Some stove owners claim that when heating hard varieties wood, this stove can burn for two days on one tab. Speaking of fuel. The "bubafonya" stove is good because it can work on all types of firewood, branches, shavings, sawdust, cardboard and even on old books and chipboard.
This wonderful oven also has its drawbacks. The first disadvantage is the aesthetic appearance. Because of its appearance and principle of operation, such a stove will not decorate your house. But this is actually surmountable. Later, I will show examples of how to use it correctly. Therefore, let's immediately make a reservation that this stove is primarily intended for heating technical rooms, garages, basements, greenhouses, buildings with animals, etc. To use it at home you need a small outbuilding, a boiler room, or at least a basement.
The second very serious drawback of this furnace is its low heat transfer. The “bubafonya” stove burns slowly, and because of its operating principle, heat is emitted not over the entire area, but only in certain places. A similar scheme of heat release can heat a not very large room. But if you correctly approach the issue of heating, then this is also surmountable. And so let's go in order.
Bubafonya stove, classic version.

The main thing when creating this furnace is not to take too thin pipes for the piston and chimney. But this condition is not difficult. After all, all dimensions are approximate. For example, if you are making a stove from a 200 liter barrel. Then try to keep the chimney from a pipe of 100-150 mm. and the piston is 50-60mm. If from a cylinder, then the chimney can not be made wider than 100mm and the piston is wider than 50mm. There are certain nuances in this oven. Combustion takes place in two chambers. Burning under the piston solid fuel, and the gases emitted by the lower furnace burn out above the piston. For this reason, the hole in the cover through which the piston is inserted should not fit snugly against the piston. There should be a gap of at least half a centimeter to suck air into the furnace above the piston. If you nevertheless decide not to leave a gap between the cover and the piston, then you need to design the simplest blower in the cover. Otherwise, your stove will smoke, puff, and smoke. The reason for this lies in the lack of oxygen for the combustion of the gases emitted by the lower furnace. Here is a classic example of such a mistake.

Nikolai Voronin says in his video that the stove starts to smoke at full draft, and only when he covers the draft, setting the stove to a slow burning mode, the situation normalizes. Please note that the gap on the lid of Nikolai is very small, and the skirt of the lid is very tight. And for this, at full thrust through the blower, as many pyrolysis gases were generated as they did not have time to burn in the upper chamber. The gap is narrow, and there was not enough oxygen to burn all the gases. Therefore, when Nikolai removed the draft, less gases were emitted, and they began to burn out perfectly in the upper chamber. But this is not so critical. Indeed, at full traction, the stove is used only for ignition and quick warm-up. The main function of this furnace is slow combustion, for which a strong blowing is not needed. Still, you shouldn't make the lid gap too narrow.
By the way, notice how the stove cover shines. This is easily achieved by cleaning the lid with a wire brush while heating. Rust is quickly removed, and the cleaned metal is covered with an oxide film, becoming shiny.
Here is a video in which the manufacturer of such furnaces talks about why air is needed in the second chamber.

Now let's talk about the heat transfer of the bubafonya stove. As we understood from all the videos and diagrams, this stove heats up only as the fuel burns out. The only parts that are constantly heated in this oven are the piston pressing on the fuel, the lid and the chimney at the outlet. The walls of the stove only heat up as the wood burns. But how do you get all the heat given off by the stove? After all, heat is needed immediately and not when the fuel burns out. The first in this scheme is the piston. He is mobile and is constantly in the stove. You can't remove the warmth from it. In addition, the piston has an important function. Glowing red, it presses on the fuel, thereby generating pyrolysis gases, which in turn, burning in the upper chamber, heat the stove. Removing heat from the cover is also problematic. It needs to be opened and closed to store firewood. Only the chimney remains. It is on him that the main responsibility for heat transfer is assigned. Our craftsmen realized this long ago and came up with a lot different ways to remove heat from the chimney. These are passive radiators, and ventilated radiators, and water jackets. In my opinion the most effective way for heating the house, this stove is a water jacket. Let's take a closer look at this method.
As can be seen in the figure, a casing from a small cylinder or other metal cylinder is welded to the chimney. Pipes are welded to this cylinder through which water will circulate. The water pump supplies water to the jacket, it is heated from the chimney and enters the batteries of the house. Thus, we get heating at home 24 hours a day. I want to note that the chimney of this stove is constantly heated to a decent temperature, starting from the moment of ignition and ending with the end of combustion. If the jacket on the chimney is made long and narrow enough, this will allow heating large enough areas.
Among the craftsmen, there are those who made a water jacket around the entire stove. But in my opinion it is much more difficult and not everyone has such an opportunity. Other masters took a different path. They tied a shirt on a chimney with a closed container. The container was insulated and pipes with water from heating and water going to the needs of the house were passed through it. Thus, they got a heat accumulator, in which the water is constantly at the maximum temperature. And already from this battery they can heat separate heating systems for the house and water in taps. In such cases, the oven itself is insulated by digging it into the ground per meter and covering it with a brick. This allows you to keep most of the heat generated by the stove and send it to the chimney. This system is more versatile, as it allows you to regulate the heating of water in the heating system and in the water supply system to the desired temperature.
In this video, its owner shows just such a home heating system.

There are of course dozens of other uses for this oven. We have considered the simplest of them. In any case, this oven has many advantages over its counterparts. The main advantages are ease of manufacture, and the duration of work for 20 or more hours without interruption. This allows the oven to be used in different conditions and for different needs. In addition, this furnace has an incredible variety of possibilities for its modernization. After looking through the video with this oven, you will be surprised at the different devices that modernize this oven.

In the cold period of the heating season, the issue of space heating becomes more relevant than ever. And if in city apartments this is usually the responsibility of housing and communal services, then residents of the private sector have to deal with all the problems that arise on their own. For ordinary wood stove it is necessary to purchase a significant amount of logs and often this seriously hits the pocket of consumers. In addition, some people need to heat not only living quarters, but also auxiliary premises such as garages or greenhouses. Therefore, there is a natural desire to find a way of the most economical and efficient heating.

What is a long burning oven? What principle is her work based on?

First, we need to understand how firewood actually burns. In order for the wood to ignite, it must first be heated to a temperature of the order of one and a half hundred degrees from an external heat source. As a rule, this task is performed by paper or wood chips set on fire by a match. The tree begins to slowly char and, when it reaches a mark of about 250 degrees, decomposes into simple chemical components. Smoke whitethat we can observe when lighting a fire is the gases and water vapor given off by the heated wood. And now, having stepped over the level of three hundred degrees, the gaseous substances released from the tree ignite, contributing to the further acceleration of the thermochemical reaction.

The decomposition of fossil fuels such as wood, by itself, into simple elements is called pyrolysis. And everything would be fine, but the usual combustion of wood does not fully use the entire potential inherent in the energy carrier. A lot of waste is left behind, which ultimately does not contribute to savings in any way.

Pyrolysis furnaces, one of the options for which we will consider in this article, use fuel much more efficiently. The main secret lies in the fact that the combustion of gases released when the wood is heated occurs separately from the energy carrier itself. At the same time, the primary fuel smolders slowly, which makes it possible to achieve a much longer operation time on one set of logs. In furnaces of the "bubafonya" type and other pyrolysis heating devices, everything burns out almost 100%, leaving only a small amount of ash afterwards.

How does combustion take place

The history of the creation of the pyrolysis oven "bubafonya"

For the first time "bubafonya" was collected by a folk craftsman named Afanasy Bubyakin, who lives in Kolyma. Actually, it was named in his honor. The master took the Stropuva pyrolysis boiler, made in Lithuania, as the basis for his product. Afanasy simplified the design as much as possible so that it could be easily repeated independently. That is why the home-made pyrolysis oven "bubafonya" is famous for quite high popularity.

It should be immediately noted that, since homemade heater made from available materials at hand, it rarely has an attractive and aesthetic appearance. The main advantage of "bubafoni" is its simplicity, reliability and efficiency.

Below you can see an example of a homemade stove designed by Afanasy Bubyakin, made from an old gas cylinder.

The internal structure of the long-burning furnace "bubafonya"

The main element in the "bubafoni" design is its body. As a rule, it has a cylindrical shape: a balloon, a large fire extinguisher, a barrel or a thick pipe with a welded bottom.
Chimney for removal of waste products of combustion. It is made, in most cases, from a metal pipe 11-25 centimeters in diameter, welded to the top of the body.
Piston-feeder. It is a metal circle with ribs welded on the lower part, in the center of which an air duct pipe is fixed. The ribs allow you to create an additional air gap between the piston and the logs, which has a positive effect on the smoldering process and the activity of the release of pyrolysis gases.
A regulating valve that allows you to control the supply of oxidizer to the inside of the furnace.
Cover with a hole for the air duct. Together with the piston, it forms a secondary combustion chamber, in which the pyrolysis gases are ignited.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pyrolysis oven

First of all, the positive qualities of this heating device should be noted:

"Bubafonya" has a very simple design. Possessing a welding machine and basic skills in working with metal, anyone can easily and easily make a furnace with their own hands.
The Bubafonya pyrolysis stove is not at all picky in terms of choosing a solid fuel energy carrier. It will burn properly on wood, coal, sawdust, wood chips and other wood waste. In addition, it can be loaded with pellets - an inexpensive and environmentally friendly pelleted fuel.
Working hours. After one load of wood, a pyrolysis oven can operate continuously and heat the air in the room for up to 24 hours. This indicator, however, can vary significantly, depending on the volume of the chamber, the feed rate of the oxidizer and other parameters.

But you have to pay for everything, and therefore the simplicity of the internal structure of the "bubafonya" oven leads to some disadvantages:

"Bubafonya" does not have high performance in terms of efficiency. This is due to the uneven heating of the cylinder body (barrel) and lower heat transfer. Pyrolysis furnaces of more complex and sophisticated designs, in turn, boast excellent efficiency indicators, almost reaching a value of 90%.
It is rather inconvenient to clean the "Bubafon" from the remnants of combustion products: the ash and ash have to be removed through the top. However, this homemade heater can be improved by welding a door at the bottom, which makes it easy to scoop out all unnecessary from the bottom of the furnace.
Aesthetic unattractiveness. The design is rather rough in appearance and is unlikely to become a decoration for the interior of the room in which it will be installed.

Making a furnace yourself

The whole process of creating a homemade pyrolysis boiler "bubafony" can be roughly divided into five main stages:

Installation and assembly of the structure
Chimney arrangement

Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Drawing of the pyrolysis oven "bubafonya". Calculation of basic proportions.

The fundamental proportion in the process of constructing a homemade pyrolysis oven from a gas cylinder is the mathematical ratio of the size of the inner diameter of the body to its height. In the drawing, the diameter is indicated by the letter D, and the height - H. The ratio of H to D must be between three and five to one. The diameter itself under optimal conditions will be about 30-80 centimeters. It is not worth choosing a case for a furnace less than 30 centimeters, since the oxidizer will pass through the combustion chamber too quickly without fully reacting with the fuel. This will greatly reduce the efficiency of the device. A diameter of more than 80 centimeters is undesirable for another reason: in such a boiler, firewood burns very slowly at the edge, and faster in the center. When the fuel burns out, a pit will form, into which the piston will fall, which will lead to the extinction of the bubafoni.

Wall thickness Δ is the second most important calculated value. For optimal heat transfer, a 4-5 mm steel case is perfect. The thinner walls will significantly reduce the life of the heater and the time it will run on a single fill.

The dimensions of the pressing pancake piston:

Gap from Between the piston and the inner surface of the body, it is optimally calculated equal to 0.05 * D. Accordingly, the diameter of the pancake itself will be calculated by the formula d \u003d D-2 * H

The height of the pressing ribs from the metal profile is considered more difficult. Here the relationship between the parameter values \u200b\u200bis nonlinear. Empirically, for the furnace body diameters from 60 to 80 centimeters, this number is taken to be 0.1 * D. For a "bubafoni" of a smaller size, we use the equation-proportion, taking into account that when D 0 \u003d 30 cm h 0 \u003d 4 cm.

An example of calculation by proportion.The inner diameter of the cylinder is 40 cm. The required height of the channels is considered as follows: h \u003d D * h 0 / D 0 \u003d 4 * 40/30 \u003d 5.3 cm

Pancake thickness σ. This parameter is inversely proportional to the inner diameter of the "bubafoni" D. It is necessary that the piston presses against the fuel layer with optimal force. With a low pressure, the reverse action of the furnace will decrease and there will be a risk of the boiler backfiring, followed by the release of smoke through the air duct. Too heavy a piston, in turn, will not leave an air gap sufficient for smoldering firewood and the "bubafon" will go out.

This value can be found using the table below. There are no special requirements for compliance with this parameter; it is enough to adhere to it at least approximately.

D	σ
30 cm	from 6 to 10 mm
40 cm	from 6 to 8 mm
60 cm	from 4 to 6 mm
80 cm	from 2.5 to 4 mm

Calculation of the minimum required chimney area. The smallest permissible pipe area S is calculated based on the maximum fuel energy release per hour. S (cm 2) \u003d 1.75 * E (kW / hour). In this case, E \u003d m * q where m is the mass of the loaded fuel, which can be found by multiplying the maximum volume of the bookmark V \u003d H f * (π * D 2/4) by its density (we learn from the table below). The coefficient q, in turn, is the specific combustion energy per unit of fuel volume per hour (also taken from the reference table).

Calculation of the air intake diameter

Preparation of premises, materials and tools for work

Since the assembly of "bubafoni" requires the use of a welding machine, not every room is suitable for our work. It is imperative that you need high-quality ventilation, an uninterrupted supply of electricity and reliable wiring (welding work can cause an overload in the circuit). In addition, installation can take more than one day, so the room must be protected from the effects of atmospheric precipitation and be spacious enough. Good sound insulation of the workplace is also important, since the noise from the grinder, welding and other tools is unlikely to please your neighbors.

Having chosen a suitable place for installation, we proceed to the preparation of materials.

The basis for the pyrolysis oven will be an old gas cylinder. Instead, you can also use a voluminous (about 200 l) steel or cast iron barrel with strong walls without traces of corrosion, a large spent fire extinguisher, or even a metal pipe with a welded steel circle bottom.
Next, we need blanks for the support "legs". In principle, you can try to do without them, but the "bubafony" on legs will be much more stable, it is more difficult to accidentally turn it over with an awkward movement. Supports can be made from metal profiles, fittings and even pieces of steel pipes.

We can also create "handles" for more convenient carrying of a homemade stove from rebar scraps. Also, they will not be superfluous on the "bubafoni" lid: this will greatly simplify the process of loading firewood and cleaning the boiler from ash.

Auxiliary materials for creating "bubafoni" will be:

Sheet steel for the manufacture of the piston;
Two metal pipes for chimney and air duct. The optimum diameter of the air supply pipe is about 85-100 mm, and its length should be about 150 mm longer than the height of the cylinder. The chimney will require a wider pipe, with a diameter of about 150 mm. As for its length, it should be equal at least to the cross-section of the balloon;
Metal profile (channel);
Crushed stone, concrete and refractory bricks for making foundations;

List necessary tools will be small. We will use:

With a hammer;
In a vice;
Shovel;
Trowel;
Portable electric welding machine with a set of electrodes;
Grinder for cutting parts;
Roulette, pencil, plumb line and level;

Installation and assembly of the structure. Chimney arrangement.

First of all, we make a neat cut at the top of the balloon. The resulting hood will serve us later as a cover for the oven.

We fix homemade legs to the bottom of the cylinder with electric welding. The correctness of their installation can be checked using a level or a plumb line.
Manufacturing of the bubafoni piston takes place in three stages:

First, we cut a circle out of steel. Its transverse dimensions should be less than the inner diameter of the gas cylinder by about 3.5-4.5 cm in order to provide free exit of the generated pyrolysis gases into the secondary chamber. In the central part of the circle we make another hole so that the end of the duct pipe can be tightly inserted.

We weld a circle and a metal pipe together.

On the base of the blank for the piston, we fix it by welding the cut of the channel.

The finished product will look something like this:

We construct the oven cover. In the center of the cut off upper part of the old gas cylinder, we make a marking for the hole. This must be done in such a way that the duct pipe with the fixed feed piston can move freely in it. We make the necessary cutout according to the markings. On the sides of the improvised lid, we weld the handles from the pieces of reinforcement bent with a vice and a hammer.

We mount a chimney in the upper part of an improvised pyrolysis oven. With a grinder, we cut out a neat hole according to the size of the billet pipe and fasten it together by welding.

Video: How to cut an even hole under the chimney with a grinder.

To provide a better draft, the chimney should consist of two "elbows" connected at right angles. For this at the ends horizontal pipeleaving the cylinder and another segment of the same diameter, we make even cuts at an angle of 45 degrees with a grinder and weld the pipes to each other.

In addition, it is highly desirable to provide protection for the chimney in the form of a special reflector hood. This will prevent the penetration of moisture and atmospheric precipitation inside the furnace, followed by its attenuation.

This is the main part installation works can be considered complete. The oven is now fully operational. It remains for us only, if we wish, to equip a special foundation for it and begin direct operation.

Laying the foundation for the pyrolysis oven

Work on the arrangement of the foundation for the "bubafoni" will take place in three stages:

First, we need to dig a square-shaped hole about one and a half by one and a half meters. The optimum depth for the foundation is approximately 20-30 centimeters.

We fall asleep inside the rubble and fill it from above concrete mortar... We level the surface with a trowel. After drying, we check the quality of the resulting plane with a level and additionally adjust it, if necessary.

When the concrete is completely dry, lay several rows of refractory bricks over the base. As a rule, two or three layers of brick will be sufficient.

Ignition of the bubafonya furnace

We take out the feed piston with a welded air duct from the inside, after removing the cap from the cylinder.

We put wooden logs inside. They must be placed horizontally end-to-end. Vertical placement of firewood can have rather unpleasant consequences in the event that an unburned log standing with an edge prevents the piston from moving. This will lead to the fact that instead of smoldering in the primary chamber, a full-fledged fire will light up. As a result, the correct operation of the stove will be disrupted, the wood will burn faster and, in addition to everything, it may start to smoke through the air duct. Logs should not be placed above the chimney location.

We put chips with sawdust or small branches on top of the wood bookmark. Soak a piece of old cloth in a kindling liquid (kerosene is also fine) and put it on a layer of chips. An alternative to a rag is paper.

Press the tab with the piston and put the oven cover back on.

We set fire to the wood by throwing a piece of lighted rags or paper inside through the duct pipe. A match for striking a bubafoni is not suitable, since it has time to go out before it falls down.

After 15-25 minutes, after the bookmark has flared up well, it is necessary to close the valve on the air duct. This will restrict the air supply to the primary combustion chamber and cause the logs to smolder, releasing pyrolysis gases. Thus, the "bubafony" will switch to its main operating mode.

Video instruction. Ignition of the bubafonya furnace

The main problem affecting the efficiency indicators of the "bubafoni" is the uneven heating of its body and, as a consequence, the deterioration of the heat exchange process with the environment. It can be partially solved with a rather simple design improvement.

To carry out the modification, we need a corrugated sheet of metal profile. It is necessary to make a kind of "jacket" for the furnace from it, firmly fixing it on the surface of the cylinder by welding or in another accessible way. Such an improvement will contribute to the formation of ascending convection air currents: cold air is drawn in from the bottom of the ribs, and hot air is released from above. In addition, you can additionally impose bricks on the entire structure. This step will allow the walls around the stove to accumulate the heat it radiates, heating the room more evenly and longer.

Video instruction. Making a home-made pyrolysis stove of the "bubafonya" type yourself

Updated:

2016-08-29

The Bubafonya stove is an economical way to warm your own house or summer cottage when cold weather comes. With a rare visit to a country house, it is not always wise to equip it with expensive heating equipment. The solution to the problem is homemade. A striking example of such a device is Bubafonya.

Photo of the bubafonya stove

The author of this original project heating furnace became an ordinary craftsman from the people - Athanasius. Hence the name of the stove.

A distinctive feature of Bubafoni is that in a fairly simple design, the developer managed to combine all the main qualities of the stove:

A simple design of the stove, allowing you to build a Bubafon with your own hands;
Low fuel consumption. There are many homemade ovensthat do not differ in efficiency and performance. Afoni's project succeeded in this regard;
A minimum of attention during the operation of the oven.

The furnace design includes three main elements:

Cap;
Piston;

With one load of fuel, the stove can operate continuously for 24 hours. Modern modifications of Bubafoni allow you to heat whole private houses at low air temperatures outside the windows. Such stoves are suitable for home use, garages, greenhouses. You should not be afraid of a fire threat from Bubafoni, since in this component the design of the stove provides reliable protection.

How Bubafonya works

Bubafonya oven operation diagram

The main feature of Bubafoni against the background of traditional stoves is the location of the fuel at the top of the structure, and not at the bottom;
When the fuel burns out, the heated air goes down;
But during that period, when the air is still at the top, it helps to dry out the wood, which then heat the stove;
On the hearth, the design provides for a protective screen. It does not allow fire to spread throughout the entire container;
Gaps are provided around the device, which ensures uniform combustion of fuel;
Due to the damper installed on top, the user can adjust the intensity of firewood combustion;
To stop the heating process, you just need to close the damper completely. So oxygen will stop getting into the furnace, which will lead to the extinction of the flame in just a few minutes.

Advantages and disadvantages of the stove

We have already outlined the main three advantages of the Bubafoni oven. In addition, there are several more strong qualities of a homemade stove.

The minimum set of tools and materials will come in handy when making Bubafoni yourself. Many get by with improvised means, since you can find the same cylinder for the case on your site or ask your neighbors. Previously, many houses in the villages and suburbs were equipped with bottled gas stoves. The main gas was brought in, and the cylinders may remain somewhere in the garage.
Effective heating. By her own simplest design Bubafoni stoves are capable of heating the room. If you slightly improve the design by connecting a water jacket, the stove will be able to heat the whole house.
Compact dimensions. Bubafoni doesn't require much space, plus it's mobile. If necessary, you can move the stove to another room. Although the models of the stove with a water jacket are limited in movement, since they are connected to pipes.

Despite the objective advantages of the stove, there are some disadvantages that you should pay attention to:

Although the Bubafonya stove will not take up much space, the selected room must necessarily have effective ventilation. Although this rule applies to many heating devices, therefore, problems with the provision of ventilation should not arise;
After the heating procedure, the stove cools down quickly enough. Considering the fact that the Bubafonya oven is capable of operating autonomously up to 24 hours, such a drawback does not cause much disappointment in Bubafon.

Do-it-yourself Bubafony

There is nothing complicated in making Bubafoni yourself. But think carefully before using just such a stove to heat your home.

Market heating equipment offers many ready-made stove options that effectively cope with space heating tasks. Some of them are quite affordable, others require an impressive investment.

If the analysis showed that Bubafonya will be objectively the best solution for your summer cottage, then it makes sense to assemble it yourself.

To make a Bubafoni stove, you will need:

Bulgarian;
Channel;
A pair of heat-resistant steel pipes;
Barrel or gas cylinder. It is advisable to choose a capacity of 200 liters;
Hacksaw for cutting metal;
Hammer;
Welding machine.

As you can see, building a Bubafoni stove does not require any special tool or materials that cannot be found in the backyard or on the market.

When everything is ready to go, you can take it as a basis step by step instructions and collect a fairly unique heating stove with the original name Bubafonya.

Carefully cut off the top of the barrel of the future stove. Try to make the cut straight. When burrs appear, it is better to grind them.
By cutting out the top, you get a circle. A round hole is cut in it. Its diameter is approximately 10 centimeters. Be guided by pipe dimensions as they may vary.
Weld the pipe to the hole, taking care to make tight seams. Working with a welding machine requires compliance with certain safety rules. Don't ignore them.
Weld 3-5 channel elements crosswise on either side of the circle. How do you make the lid heavier to provide the necessary fit to the stove structure? Due to the weight of the cover, the fuel will be pressed down, and oxygen will be able to enter the combustion chamber. This is the basis for achieving a long burning effect.
A hole for the door is cut at the bottom of the barrel. Through it, fuel will be loaded into Bubafonya. A rectangular furnace hole is cut out with a grinder, then weld the curtains to this metal element. It's better to choose thick metal for them.
Make another cut below the furnace hole rectangular... But its size will be slightly smaller. This hole in the Bubafon will allow the extraction of ash from the combustion of fuel.
To remove the flue gas from the Bubafoni and create the necessary thrust for the stove, cut another hole on the side. Its size must match the diameter of the selected steel pipe.
Make a knee out of the chimney pipe of your Bubafoni stove. This is an element made at a 45 degree angle. You can buy a ready-made structure, or cut the existing pipe into two parts, make an angle cut and weld the two elements along the joint. The angle between the parts of the Bubafoni chimney must be right.
One side of the resulting elbow is welded to the side hole of the stove.
If Bubafonya is located inside the room, a pipe is also welded to the chimney, which is led out outside the house. This will allow the smoke to escape into the atmosphere. Make sure all connections are tight so that smoke does not get inside the house.
At the bottom of the stove, Bubafonya will be very hot. Therefore, it is advisable to install the furnace on a refractory brick foundation.
Install a reflector near the Bubafoni stove, which will improve uniform heating of the premises and increase safety.