The majority of Russian men who have achieved professional success and decent wages for their labor prefer to invest their hard-earned money in building their own home. It is normal when a mature man takes care of the future of his family (even if it is only in the project, like the house) and tries to provide comfortable conditions and decent living for himself and his loved ones.
With a three-tiered elevation, couriers are another characteristic of Norman Gothic. Do you see the tall windows of the nave and transept? The canons were allowed access for certain celebrations. Normandy again, multiplying the column moldings. The idea is to strengthen verticality, to maintain spiritual elevation: many vertical lines, accentuated by the play of shadow and light, like a black pencil line, emphasize the impression of movement of the elevation.
These wooden friezes are carved along the edges of the roofs, the edges of the mansard skilfully follow the slope to give the illusion of fringe. In a Lutheran cottage, lambrequins are characteristic of chalets. The whole architectural style had to be invented for a new way of life, a seaside resort and for a new population, wealthy middle class people who had modest ease. The architects of that time were very creative. One of the solutions found is a cottage. Nowadays, when the distribution area of \u200b\u200bthe chalet is reduced to the slopes of the ski slopes, it is difficult to imagine it on the seashore.
It is not always possible by middle age to accumulate a sufficient amount to build a house with several full-fledged floors, and there is not always a need for such a structure. Construction (or houses made of any other material) may be a completely successful solution, and it can be built independently with minimal help from friends.
Like all villas built at the time, they claim to be a source of inspiration without suggesting fakes. Mountain chalets, the architects have maintained an isolated situation - and surrounded by gardens - large roofs crowded with façades, balconies and carved timber. For Gilles Plum, specialist in Second Empire seaside villas, these choices define a new architectural space. Overflow roofs limit the protected outdoor space, which creates an intermediary between the outside and inside of the home.
This space is occupied and enriched with projections to the outer surface of the living surface, which are balconies and side windows. This is the spirit of the times, a new relationship between man and nature. On the plastic plane, the cut wood marks the limit of this intermediate space, "descending in the form of lambrechins from the end of the roof or rising in the form of guards from balconies." The effect is very subtle because it creates "a second level of a very light façade that shades or obscures part of the masonry."
For construction, you just need to know the technology of the attic device and have some skills in joinery and construction, or at least detailed instructions, purchase or rent necessary tool - this is enough for persistent people who are used to not giving up in the face of difficulties and to do everything with their own hands. Everything that we will describe below is intended for you - middle-aged men who are ready to roll up their sleeves and build on their own something like this house, shown in the photo on the right.
Natural lighting in the attic
The author sees a connection with the interests of the Impressionists for the play of shadow and light through the trees. Here are two spotted in the Epte Valley, above the Guverni. Its author may have been a little overwhelmed by the Norman climate! In another genre, in Bertenonville, this most original sundial is supported by an angel in full flight. This design gives it a certain elegance and justifies the offset from the wall plan, which would not be very aesthetic without it. The two churches are not very far apart.
Far from their plan, they meet not only because of the presence of a sundial, but also from this beautiful yellow stone that rolls down in a thin gray material very different from it. These words, however, both come from the same root mouth or ghoul, with the sense of an organ serving to speak, to scream, to eat. In the Middle Ages, swallowing meant swallowing. The word has survived in heraldry and architecture. Therefore, in architecture, angeran is a monstrous sculpture of a head at the end of a beam, or a column that seems to absorb the latter.
Have you admired? Now let's move on to a more practical description of the main stages of building a mansard roof with our own hands and the materials necessary for this.
Dormer roofs. Choice of shape and design
The mansard roof is the same attic, only more spacious and comfortable. The choice of its shape and design must be done at the design stage of the house. Thus, you will avoid the hassle associated with performing complex calculations of bearing loads, coefficient of resistance to heat and wind and other architectural and engineering problems.
They are sometimes seen in the slabs of Norman houses, such large horizontal beams that form the floors, or at the end of the frames. This is the case in Orbeck's church, where each ray ends in a monstrous head. This entire fantastic bestiary carved into the woods resembles one of the Viking ships, as if a long tradition had perpetuated among Norman naval carpenters. The larger, the less is hidden below. The story that weaves between a home and its new owner (s) has all the characteristics of a love story, from initial blow to grief when you need to leave yourself to calm the well-being or recurrent crises of a long-term relationship.
By choosing a standard project or ordering its development from professional designers, you will receive a completely finished solution with a full set of drawings, an explanatory note, technological maps and even with an estimate for the construction and roofing materials... Having such documentation on hand, you can easily understand and figure out on your own what, when and in what order you need to do it. It remains only to go to the nearest construction hypermarket and buy everything you need.
There is every reason to buy a home. Reasonable reasons and secret, emotional reasons that make you accept all the flaws of beauty. The view can have this irresistible charm. When you have tried it, it is very difficult to get along with it, even if it has nothing to do with the comfort of the house or its appearance, since it is out of this space. A New York friend settled in Normandy, split into an apartment on the hillside because it gave the impression that he was living in a skyscraper.
The rest was small. It has value only if it is unapproachable, that you do not risk confiscating it suddenly due to an untimely construction in front of your balcony. We would like to protect it as a valuable asset to protect the sector. But there is a risk, you bought a performance, and this one does not belong to you. It depends on hundreds of neighbors, starting with the nearest.
It is worth preparing in advance a place for storing the purchased material. The temporary storage area should be dry and equipped with a weather shed. Here you can arrange for yourself a workshop for the preparation of individual structural elements, if you did not prefer to buy a "complete house", where all the details are already ready and your function is only to assemble the attic according to the principle of an ordinary designer familiar to all boys from childhood about with this instruction in the picture on the right.
It was originally modern house in the style of the Norman style, with formwork in front of the corner windows of the living room, which made a striped suit for the landscape. The new buyer, the architect, was not worried about this platitude. With a magic wand, he turned the house into a unique place in harmony with its inhabitants. When the view is beautiful, it attracts like a magnet. If you do not have time to realize this, you will find that your nose is stuck at the window, your eyes are caught in the distance. The wandering gaze gives the impression of dizzying freedom, similar to that of the little goat that left his fence.
Every homeowner tries to make the most of the usable space in their home. The device of the attic in the under-roof space is the best confirmation of this. For those who are just planning to create such a room, we will tell you that we are talking about decoration attic space so that it becomes habitable. The benefits of such a decision are obvious - the living area of \u200b\u200bthe house increases, while a relatively small financial resource is spent. It is important what can be arranged mansard roof do it yourself - drawings as an example and descriptions for them you will find in this article. Well, then it all depends on your efforts and desires.
Weather permitting, we probably have the illusion of being outside, swimming in green and blue. Today the December rain smashed the windows and defined the inside and outside. The berries became protective, especially the cocoon, since they did not hide anything from bad weather. It's funny how a material as cold as glass can provide a sense of security.
And since the absence of a curtain is convenient when you have the sky and there are only birds that can see you. These formwork elements are often placed above and below windows to reinforce the structure where it is weakened by the hole. In order for the beams to remain in the same plane, they cross half of the tree, i.e. each element of the cross is reduced by half its thickness at the intersection. The crosses of St. Andrew get their name from the torture of the first apostle of Christ, Andrew. The Bible doesn't say a word about it, but The Legend of the Dore, a 13th-century book by Jacques de Voragine based on earlier texts, is more talkative.
What is the peculiarity of a roof with an attic
Will tell you about what a mansard roof is a truss structure. The key function of such a multi-component system is to support the roof, while the resulting load is transferred to the load-bearing walls and partitions of the building.
Ideally, this type of roof should have slopes with different angles, which actually increases the amount of usable space. And, for the attic room, such construction measures as soundproofing the walls, their thermal insulation and protection from moisture are mandatory.
Aegeus, the tyrant who orders the execution of martyrdom, "made him tie the cross with his hands and feet so that he could suffer longer." Saint-André took advantage of this to preach twenty thousand people who came running for two days. The crowd demanded release, but the enemy resisted, and those who tried to do so were paralyzed.
This very simple cross is found in many other areas, especially on the flag of Scotland and in many coats of arms. We still find among the construction equipment these cute little girls who serve as a wedge of blinds to prevent them from beating in the wind during the day. The exact name for this bitonnyau to close the shutters is "stop the shepherdess's head." The lady wears a kind of flat hat over her ear. It is always the same, as if it came from battalions of the same form.
Important! Many technical specifications, regarding the device of the roof, including the mansard type, are reflected from SNiPakh №2.09.04-87 "Administrative and domestic buildings".
Attic roof design
- Even a non-professional builder, when creating a roof, cannot do without developing a project for a future object. It reflects the geometric shape of the structure, overall dimensions, the value of the slope angles.
- In addition to drawings, the project contains a list of materials, their quantity, and ideally their cost.
- The roofing system cannot be realized without thermal insulation. With the right approach to solving the problem, it is necessary to perform a heat engineering calculation, and on its basis a heater is already selected for the attic roof. The legislator regulates the device of roofing insulation in SNiPs No. II-3-79: "Construction heat engineering".
- The calculated part - determining the strength resource of the future structure, is also an integral part of the attic roof project. By calculation, the sections of rafters, floor beams and other components are determined.
Despite its banality, handsome retains the charm of small discrete details that adorn everyday life. She gives a tiny spark of poetry to these repetitive gestures by opening and closing shutters. Lifting a young lady's head to make her plunge into emptiness or wedge her into place only takes a moment to get used to it, but the object can confuse those who first discover it. It looks like this type of trip is pretty typical French. Louvers and a solid shutter are not used anywhere on the planet, and this is some of the detail that guidebooks never say and that aliens open when they arrive.
Attention! For calculations, you can use special programs, but you can resort to them if you are sure that all the initial data are correct. Any simplification of the presented design schemes is not allowed, since this will negatively affect the strength properties of the future roof. If you are not sure on this stage on our own, we recommend attracting a specialized specialist.
They may seem like idiots explaining how they work, but it is useless to avoid their struggle. Travel is also done with gestures, from the Japanese salvation bow to handling chopsticks. And you, what gesture of another culture did you bring back from vacation?
The most obvious: tall and arched windows, balconies, all in the curves studied, a roof with a Mansart decorated roof windows... We might also expect that decoration is a little more rendered in mascarons and other coats of arms to the keys of the windows. This hotel has remained a certain sobriety since the mid-18th century. Each time this impression is heartbreaking: one looks up to admire the porch of the church, and everyone sees that the statues are disfigured or completely disappeared. This vandalism is not new. Not only do some iconoclasts want to make witnesses disappear from the "ridiculous" devotion of previous generations, but the monuments are often sold as national property and boiled down to the state of stone quarries or manufacturing facilities.
Special attention should be paid to the selection of external roofing. It should not unnecessarily overload the system, at the same time it should have durability, safety and presentability.
Types of roof truss systems with an attic
Option # 1 Hanging rafters
- The main load of such a rafter structure is taken by two supports - the outer walls of the structure. In this case, the key calculation is made on the fact that wooden beams tend to shrink / bend, which means that there is no need for an intermediate support. The generated horizontal load is redistributed to the walls.
- The rafter beams are connected to each other using ties - metal or wooden. These elements are located just above the base of the truss truss or at its very bottom. The reliability and strength of the structure depends on the level of the puffs.
- Span rafter system should not exceed 8 meters. To reduce the deflection of the rafter legs in spans of this length, crossbars are cut parallel to the puffs.
- If there are more spans, then it is advisable to install the so-called "attendants" - vertical supports with two struts.
Option # 2 Inclined rafters
Important! Installation of inclined rafters is allowed only when the distance between the load-bearing walls does not exceed 6 meters. If an additional support is performed, then this distance can reach 12 meters, if there are two supports, then 15 meters.
In the Church of Saint-Taurine in Evry, the tympanum of the southern portal is only a shadow of itself after the damage done in the late 18th century. Below, on the lintel, Saint-Taurine's life developed in five scenes. There vandals hammered all the heads of the characters. Above very high windows, other lines open like a fan. This play of lines is especially evident on plastered facades. In this house, shutters are undoubtedly a later addition. The facade has no Louis 16.
Gizor Castle is built on a feudal hill. This artificial uplift of the land must have required a lot of effort from those who built it in the 11th century. Undoubtedly, at first there was a small tower of wood, surrounded by a palisade, whose main function was to establish the authority of a lord at the beginning of feudalism. Then Gizors became a border town between the Duchy of Normandy and the Kingdom of France, and the castle was fortified. At the top of his hill, the dungeon and his shirt look impressive. The komba was used to protect the bases of the form.
- The rafter structures of the inclined type are relevant for buildings with internal load-bearing walls... In this case, both the outer walls of the building and the inner ones will serve as supports for the rafters. If it is decided to use inclined rafters for a building without internal partitions, then it will be necessary to specially create supports, which can then be decorated, for example, for columns. This design is most often preferred due to its affordability from a financial point of view - it is the cheapest.
- Rafters or a specially assembled truss can be installed directly on the wall. For this, a Mauerlat is used - a support bar. At the top, the trusses and rafters are assembled together by a run on which the ridge is installed. The purlin is made of timber - for a wooden truss system or metal - for a metal one.
- The roof system is more robust by wire-mounted timber rafters to the wall. It is worth considering here that it is impossible to form rigid joints, since changes in temperature and humidity conditions on wood in any case will have a certain effect and it will change its geometric dimensions over time. The laying of the rafter legs to the outside is carried out through the grooves specially equipped in the wall.
It was covered with blackberries and thorny bushes to prevent an assault. The glazed awnings that protect the porches have a very pleasant name, awnings. They were very popular in the last century before going out of style. However, it is practical to be able to search for your key without being soaked and polite so that people who call your home don't wait for rain. Awnings are almost always as beautiful as their name suggests. Some have jagged windows, others have fans. The simplest metallurgical plant never forgets to be graceful and light, the most complex impart old and luxurious information to the house. had a good extension at the time he lived.
Attention! All wooden structural elements, before they are involved in the construction of the rafter system, regardless of its type, must be processed with special protective compounds, giving them fire resistance and moisture resistance.
Attic roof shapes
Sloped roof structures vary in the number of slopes and configurations. With this in mind, systems are distinguished:
Single slope
The supporting structure, formed by the rafters, rests on the external walls of the building, and having different heights. As a rule, such roofing modifications are used in the construction of verandas, terraces, warehouses and household buildings. It is fair to say that modern facade "fashion" increasingly offers pitched roofs and for residential buildings, complementing them with original decorative design.
Gable
Which, due to the specific engineering solution, is also called gable, both in a professional environment and among ordinary homeowners is considered a "classic of the genre." We described its structural variations above - hanging and oblique. When forming such a roof, a uniform / uneven slope of the slope can be realized. The same applies to possible variations in the size of the eaves.
Important! A sloped mansard roof is a type of standard gable roof. Its distinctive features are the division of the slope into two parts with a different slope. This approach allows you to use the under-roof attic space as efficiently as possible. The optimal angles for this design are 30 degrees and 60 degrees. The broken system allows you to reduce the overall load on bearing structures buildings, as well as to exclude the accumulation of snow and water on the surface of the roof.
Hip
Belong to. Two slopes are trapezoidal, and the two end surfaces are triangles (hips). The following modifications are presented:
- half-hip roof;
- danish roof - gable + hip.
Tent
They are characterized by 4 slopes, made in the form of isosceles triangles, converging at the top at one point. The key is to maintain symmetry. They are an excellent solution for the construction of square or polygon-shaped buildings.
Multi-pliers
Such systems are suitable for buildings with complex multi-angle configurations. They differ in a large number:
- inner corners-valleys:
- formed at the intersection of the slopes of the ribs.
Dome
Domed or conical mansard roofs are typical for circular buildings.
Ventilated / non-ventilated systems
Her one important nuance, which we could not but highlight - the need for a ventilated roof. This option is extremely relevant for buildings located in areas with high humidity levels. When erecting a roof, it is advisable to create an air cushion between the insulation and the finishing roofing. There are several technologies of its device, and they are all considered on the pages of our site. In regions with a dry climate, an ordinary non-ventilated roof is installed, the principles of which we have also talked about many times.
We also draw your attention to the fact that for any roofing configuration, you must be guided by another regulatory act - SNiP No. 21-01-97: "Fire safety of buildings and structures"
