Rules for the production of pipe furnace works.

INTRODUCTION

These rules contain the requirements for the design, laying (installation) and operation of stoves, fireplaces and apparatus for solid and gaseous fuels, as well as smoke and ventilation ducts (pipes). The procedure for cleaning smoke channels (gas ducts), air ducts, performing work on thermal insulation of channels and boilers of boiler installations is stated. The rules of labor protection and safety precautions are given when performing various types of work. The issues of organizing production and monitoring the implementation of pipe oven works.
The rules adopted the following numbering: the first digit is the chapter number, the second is the section number, and the third is the paragraph number.
With the entry into force of these Rules, the Rules for the production of work, repair of furnaces and chimneys - 1991 become invalid.
The rules are intended for enterprises and organizations of VDPO associated with the performance of pipe and furnace works.

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Assigning rules

1.1.1. The requirements of these rules apply to pipe and furnace works and services, which include:

• design (linking projects) heating, heating and cooking, household and other stoves and heat-generating devices, as well as fireplaces;
• masonry (installation), repair of stoves, fireplaces and devices using various types of fuel;
• re-equipment of stoves (fireplaces) from one type of fuel to another;
• laying (installation) of smoke and ventilation ducts (pipes);
• repair of smoke channels (pipes), their thermal insulation, as well as the surfaces of heat-generating installations;
• cleaning smoke and ventilation ducts and checking their performance.

1.1.2 The Rules are the main guiding document for employees of organizations and enterprises of VDPO engaged in construction, repair, control over the condition and cleaning of stoves, fireplaces and smoke ducts, monitoring the technical condition of the exhaust ventilation systems of rooms where heating stoves, fireplaces and apparatuses are installed , cleaning air ducts and ventilation equipment from combustible deposits of exhaust and supply systems of industrial, public and auxiliary buildings, as well as carrying out lining and lining of boilers, cleaning boilers and gas ducts.

1.1.3 Citizens and legal entities (regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership) are guided by the Rules when designing and operating stoves, fireplaces and other heat generating installations, at facilities where pipe and furnace work is performed by VDPO organizations.

1.1.4 The pipe and furnace works specified in clause 1.1.1 a, b, c, d should be carried out taking into account design solutions that are developed according to the requirements of technical specifications issued by enterprises and organizations of VDPO. (Appendix 1).

1.1.5 Inspection of the technical condition and preventive maintenance of operated stoves, fireplaces, devices operating on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, as well as smoke and ventilation ducts should be carried out by specialized organizations and enterprises of the VDPO under contracts concluded with individuals, housing maintenance and other enterprises and organizations. Verification should be carried out taking into account the requirements of the rules and regulations technical operation housing stock, other regulatory documents.
Ovens, apparatus, fireplaces, as well as smoke and ventilation ducts of residential, public, industrial and other buildings, regardless of their belonging, are subject to maintenance. Consumers are responsible for the correct operation of stoves, appliances and fireplaces.

1.1.6. Managers, specialists and workers who have been trained and passed exams in educational institutions and educational plants VD110 are allowed to independently perform pipe and furnace work.
The results of the exams are drawn up in a protocol, on the basis of which qualification certificates for the right to carry out work are issued, signed and certified by the seal of the organization, enterprise VD110. Knowledge should be retested annually. The next test of knowledge among workers is carried out once a year, after the lessons on the reduced program.
Engineers and technical workers of VD110 organizations and enterprises engaged in the training of specialists, organization and control over the production of work at gasified facilities in accordance with clause 1.1.2 of these rules, as well as teachers of training centers and factories must pass exams on knowledge of the Safety Rules in the gas industry in the amount of work performed and these rules. Knowledge testing should be carried out by a permanent commission of the enterprise or regional organization in the VNO. Re-examination of knowledge is carried out once every 3 years.
Members of the permanent commissions of enterprises and regional organizations in the VNO must pass a knowledge test at the central commission once every three years.

Rules for the production of pipe and furnace works.
All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society. 2002 year.
A collection of rules for stove-makers when installing stoves, fireplaces, heat generators, chimneys, stove complexes.
Rules for the production of pipe furnace works.
Editorial board: G.P. Mikitas, V.I.Sidoruk.
All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society, 2002
Introduction. These rules contain the requirements for the design, masonry (installation) and operation of stoves, fireplaces, barbecues, chimneys and apparatus for solid and gaseous fuels, as well as chimney and ventilation ducts (pipes). The procedure for cleaning smoke channels (gas ducts), air ducts, performing work on thermal insulation of channels and boilers of boiler installations is stated. The rules of labor protection and safety precautions are given when performing various types of furnace work. The issues of organizing production for a stove-maker and quality control of pipe-baking works are considered.
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Purpose of rules.
The requirements of these rules apply to pipe furnace work and stove-maker services, which include:
a) design (linking projects) heating, heating and cooking, household and other stoves and heat-generating devices, as well as fireplaces;
b) brickwork and installation of stoves and fireplaces, repair of stoves, fireplaces and appliances using various types of fuel;
c) re-equipment of stoves (fireplaces) from one type of fuel to another;
d) brickwork and installation of smoke and ventilation ducts (pipes);
e) repair of smoke channels (pipes), their thermal insulation, as well as the surfaces of heat-generating installations;
f) cleaning smoke and ventilation ducts and checking their performance.
The rules are the main guiding document for the stove-maker. For employees of organizations and enterprises engaged in construction, repair, monitoring the condition and cleaning of stoves, fireplaces and chimneys. For personnel exercising control over the technical condition of the ducts of exhaust ventilation systems in rooms where heating stoves, fireplaces and apparatuses are installed. For chimney sweeps engaged in cleaning air ducts and ventilation equipment from combustible deposits of exhaust and supply systems of industrial, public and auxiliary buildings. And also for bricklayers who carry out brickwork and lining of boilers, cleaning boilers and gas ducts.
The rules are guided by citizens and legal entities (regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership) when designing and operating stoves, fireplaces and other heat generating installations. Pipe kiln work must be carried out taking into account design solutions that are developed according to the requirements of technical specifications issued by authorized enterprises and organizations.
Inspection of the technical condition and preventive maintenance of operating stoves, fireplaces, devices operating on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, as well as smoke and ventilation ducts should be carried out by specialized organizations and enterprises licensed under contracts concluded with individuals, housing maintenance and other enterprises and organizations. The inspection should be carried out taking into account the requirements of the rules and norms of the technical operation of the housing stock, and other regulatory documents.
Ovens, barbecues, fireplaces, stove complexes, as well as smoke and ventilation ducts of residential, public, industrial and other buildings, regardless of their affiliation, are subject to maintenance. Consumers are responsible for the correct operation of fireplaces, stoves, barbecues, oven complexes.
Managers, specialists and workers who have been trained and passed exams in educational institutions and educational plants authorized and licensed are allowed to independently perform pipe and furnace work.
The results of the examinations are drawn up in a protocol, on the basis of which qualification certificates for the right to carry out work are issued, signed and certified by the seal of the organization, enterprise of the VDPO. Knowledge should be retested annually. The next test of knowledge among workers is carried out once a year, after the lessons on the shortened program.
Engineers and technical workers of VDPO organizations and enterprises involved in training specialists, organizing and monitoring the production of work at gasified facilities in accordance with clause 1.1.2 of these rules, as well as teachers of training centers and factories must pass exams on knowledge of the Safety Rules in the gas industry in the amount of work performed and these rules. Knowledge testing should be carried out by a permanent commission of an enterprise or a regional organization of VDPO. Re-examination of knowledge is carried out once every 3 years.
Members of the permanent commissions of enterprises and regional organizations of the VDPO must undergo a knowledge test in the central commission once every three years.
Basic definitions
Heating heat-intensive furnaces with intermittent furnaces are furnaces that compensate for the calculated heat losses in rooms with an average heat output, based on two furnaces per day.
Heating and cooking ovens (combined) - ovens for heating premises, cooking and baking bread.
Ovens long burning - furnaces that compensate for the calculated heat losses in rooms with an average heat output during their continuous heating.
Furnace complexes - combined ovens for heat treatment of food products: smoking, baking, frying, cooking, steaming, drying, languishing.
An overheated furnace is a furnace with a wall temperature at the moment of maximum heating at certain points up to 120 ° C.
Domestic gas tank water heaters - devices operating on natural or liquefied hydrocarbon gas, intended for local water heating of premises or hot water supply.
Apparatuses water-heating flow-through gas household appliances intended for hot water supply.
Household gas heating devices with a water circuit are devices intended for heating residential premises.
Household appliances operating on solid fuels are devices designed for cooking, heating living quarters and hot water supply.
Small-sized steel and cast iron boilers - boilers with a thermal power of up to 50 kW, used for heating and hot water supply of individual apartments or low-rise buildings of the "cottage" type, as well as industrial buildings located in rural areas.
Fireplace is a local source of heat, which is a firebox, partially or completely fenced from the sides with the removal of combustion products into the smoke channel.
Chimneys (chimneys) are channels through which combustion products move inside the furnace.
Smoke ducts, chimneys (stacked pipes, channels in the walls, main pipes) - channels for removing smoke from stoves, fireplaces and appliances and creating traction.
Wind support (shadow) zone - the space between the obstacle and the line (plane) drawn from the top of the obstacle at an angle of 45 ° to the horizon.
Inspection of technical condition - supervision over the condition of stoves, fireplaces, smoke and ventilation ducts, including control of the technical condition of structures, elements, materials in order to timely identify defects and damage.
Technical (preventive) maintenance - the stage of operation, including organizational and technical measures aimed at maintaining the operability and reliability of stoves, fireplaces, apparatus, smoke and ventilation ducts (inspection, repair, cleaning, etc.).
CHAPTER 2. ORGANIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF FURNACE PIPES 2.1. The procedure for organizing the production of pipe furnace works
Work under clause 1.1.2 of these rules is carried out by VDPO organizations (performer) under contracts concluded with industrial and communal enterprises, housing offices and house administrations, cooperatives and other types of enterprises, as well as owners of houses on personal property rights (customer).
A small amount of work can be performed on one-time requests from organizations or individuals. The procedure for organizing the production of pipe furnace works in the regions, taking into account the increased fire hazard heating systems (especially those working on gas) and local conditions are established by decrees (orders) of the administrations (governments) of republics, territories, regions, districts, in accordance with which their construction (installation) and maintenance is assigned to organizations and enterprises of the VDPO, and it is also prohibited to perform these works by amateur (uncontrolled) teams and guest workers.
The customer and the contractor must conclude contracts that determine the volume, timing and cost of performing furnace work.
Customers who have entered into contracts or applied for the production of work are obliged to:
a) provide performers and stove-makers, at their request, with materials in quantities necessary to complete the entire scope of work specified in the contract;
b) provide the stove-operator's workplaces with the necessary devices (boxes, frames for laying bricks, scaffolds, benches, stands, etc.) for high-quality and safe work;
c) exercise control over the production and quality of work performed by contractors;
d) accept the work performed and certify orders for the accepted scope of work;
e) submit to the operating organization of the gas economy acts for cleaning the flue ducts from gas appliances and devices and reports on the inspection of the technical condition of ventilation ducts in gasified rooms no later than three days after the completion of the work, and if the smoke and ventilation ducts are found to be unsuitable for operation - immediately;
f) notify the organization of the gas economy and the organization (enterprise) of the VDPO about all planned works on the repair and re-equipment of the smoke channels from gas furnaces, apparatus and instruments;
g) eliminate malfunctions in heating, heating and cooking stoves, smoke and ventilation ducts, involving, if necessary, specialists from organizations and enterprises of VDPO, gas facilities and repair and construction organizations;
h) carry out at least once a month, and in very cold and cold climatic regions - twice a month, inspect the heads of the smoke and ventilation ducts and take measures to prevent freezing and reduce the cross-section of the channels when ice, snow or frost is deposited;
i) notify the organization of the gas industry about the planned VDPO renovation works on gas-fired stoves and smoke ducts from stoves, apparatus and devices operating on gas, as well as on the completion of these works to timely turn off or turn on stoves, apparatuses and devices.
Performers and stove-makers working as a contractor are obliged to: a) draw up annual (quarterly) schedules for the production of work, repair of stoves and smoke channels, cleaning and inspection of smoke channels and agree them with the customer;
b) issue work orders to worker stove-makers to perform work and monitor the time, volume and quality of work performed;
c) assign workers stove-makers to certain objects, preventing depersonalization in the performance of work, providing workers the necessary tools, devices, workwear and protective equipment;
d) carry out pipe-cleaning and inspection work on fireplaces, stoves, barbecues, stove complexes and smoke channels by a group of at least 2 stove-makers;
e) register in the organization of the gas service acts on the inspection and cleaning of flue ducts of gasified furnaces, apparatus and devices, as well as acts of the technical condition of ventilation ducts no later than the second day after their drawing up.
2.1.5. Managers and engineers and technicians of organizations and enterprises of VDPO are responsible for violations of the rules for the production of pipe and furnace works.
The order of execution of orders for pipe furnace work.
Employees of enterprises and organizations of VDPO stove-makers performing pipe-furnace work must undergo appropriate training in the amount of work they perform and have qualification certificates for a stove-maker.
The work should be carried out alongside in accordance with the contract and work schedule. The outfit signed by the work supervisor (foreman) is handed over to the foreman (team leader) against the signature of the stove-maker with his registration in a special journal. In the outfit of the stove-maker, it is necessary to reflect the amount of work of the stove-operator and the norms for their implementation. In the event that the amount of work performed is greater than that indicated in the order, an additional amount of work should be entered into the outfit or a new outfit should be issued to the stove-maker for this amount of work.
It is necessary to start laying and repairing fireplaces, stoves, barbecues, furnace complexes and smoke channels after the preparation and rational placement of bricks, mortar, inventory, stove appliances, as well as the division of labor of stove-makers, taking into account the qualifications of workers. The laying of a stove or fireplace should, as a rule, be carried out by a working unit of two people: a stove-maker and an auxiliary worker. Preparation of mortar, sorting of bricks and delivery of materials to the workplace must be carried out by special workers.
Masonry and repair of stoves and kitchen stoves are performed if there is a roof or temporary covering over the place of work.
The chimney in the attic must be erected from one position. A box with water for locking bricks and a bench with consumables placed in between the girder spans. Bricks should be supplied to the workplace in small quantities at the rate of two or three rows of masonry.
For laying the chimney above the roof, it is necessary to arrange special horizontal platforms with a fence on the side of the roof slope. A box with mortar is installed on the site, and bricks are stacked in small quantities on stepladders fixed to the ridge of the roof.
When installing fireplaces, stoves, barbecues, furnace complexes and prefabricated heating devices, before starting work, check their completeness in accordance with the factory passport, as well as the operability of individual blocks or elements.
The assembly of fireplaces, stoves, barbecues, stove complexes from blocks, as well as the installation of heating appliances and factory-made fireplaces must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. After completing the work, the contractor and the customer sign the outfit. The outfit is finalized by the master indicating the actual volume of work performed, the amount of time spent and submits it to the accounting department.
CHAPTER 3. FURNACES AND APPARATUS FUNCTIONING ON SOLID FUEL 3.1. Application area
Solid fuel stove heating is allowed for buildings in the absence of centralized heating.
The number of storeys of buildings should be taken without taking into account the basement,
Stove heating is prohibited in buildings of categories A, B and C.
Household solid fuel heat generators are allowed to be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive.
Stove heating is allowed for single-family individual houses and cottages.
Selection of ovens and apparatus
For space heating, heating and heating-cooking stoves and devices should be used that meet modern requirements for the unification of elements, efficiency and fire safety. These requirements are met by typical designs of furnaces, working drawings and thermal technical characteristics of which are given in albums developed by design organizations and factory-made apparatus.
When selecting furnaces and apparatus, it is necessary that the amount of heat emitted by them is not less than the calculated heat losses through the enclosing structures of the premises. Heat losses are determined by design organizations and their importance should be in the design materials of buildings. Furnace heat transfer values \u200b\u200bare given in standard design albums or design materials.
Heat loss of living rooms of one-story manor houses built according to standard designs can be determined by nomograms. Nomograms are given for the design outdoor air temperature in the winter period equal to -20 ° С. At other design temperatures, when determining heat loss, it is necessary to take into account the coefficient 1.2 with a decrease in temperature for every 10 ° С and a coefficient of 0.8 with an increase in temperature for every 10 ° С.
One stove is allowed to heat no more than three rooms located on the same floor.
When heating several adjacent rooms with one stove, it should be installed in such a way that the heat transfer of the part of the heated surface coming out into each room compensates for the heat loss of the corresponding room.
When choosing stoves, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the sanitary and hygienic requirements for stoves installed in various rooms, especially in children's and medical institutions.
For small (one-room) apartments, it is recommended to use combined heating and cooking ovens, which provide heating of the apartment and cooking.
When installing a cooker with a shield, the latter can serve as a heating device for the kitchen and adjacent utility rooms. Heat living rooms only due to the shield at the stove is not recommended, due to its low heat transfer.
Placement of ovens and apparatus
When placing stoves and apparatus in rooms, the location of the smoke channels and planning solutions building. Accommodation not recommended heating furnaces and devices at the outer walls of the building.
Furnaces should generally be located near interior walls and partitions, providing for the use of internal fireproof walls for placing smoke channels in them. If it is impossible to install smoke ducts in the inner walls, stacked or root chimneys should be used to remove smoke.
In buildings of any purpose with corridors, the stoves should be installed so that the fireboxes and valves are served from the corridors. In buildings of general education schools, preschool, medical and preventive institutions, clubs, rest homes and hotels that do not have corridors, stoves should be installed so that the fireboxes and valves are serviced from the back rooms.
In the corridors and utility rooms, from which the fireboxes of stoves and apparatuses are served, windows with vents or exhaust ventilation with natural motivation should be provided.
When placing heating devices, it is necessary to provide free access to the chimney sweep to clean the combustion chamber and smoke channels from ash and soot deposits.
Materials for laying stoves and chimneys
Furnace materials, as well as furnace devices, must meet the requirements of applicable standards, specifications, and project guidelines.
For laying foundations for stoves and free-standing chimneys, the same materials are used as for the foundations of buildings. It is recommended to use concrete blocks, rubble stone, concrete. When laying stoves, stoves and installing appliances, you should apply:
a) for the main masonry of furnaces, chimneys and channels in the walls - solid, ceramic (red) brick, of the highest quality, normal firing, without cracks and impurities, grade not lower than Ml50;
b) for parts of the furnace exposed to high temperatures (threshold, walls, lining and overlapping of the firebox, the first two or three rows of nozzles in channelless furnaces) - refractory or refractory bricks;
c) for cladding - tiles, roofing steel, tile tiles, asbophane;
d) for cutting - full-bodied ceramic brick of grade not lower than Ml50;
e) to protect structures from fire -supersil, magnesite, asbestos-cement slabs, silica mats, etc.
It is forbidden to use burnt or unburned bricks, hollow, lightweight, and also silicate bricks for laying stoves and smoke channels.
Clay for mortar should be used mainly red, not contaminated with impurities.
Sand for mortar should be used mainly mountainous, without impurities and plant residues, fine-grained, sifted through a sieve with 1-1.5 mm cells.
Stove masonry materials during storage must be reliably protected from atmospheric precipitation.
When performing furnace work, the following solutions should be used:
a) clay-sand - for masonry from solid ceramic bricks of grade Ml50 or higher;
b) from refractory clay with sand - for laying refractory bricks;
c) from refractory clay with fireclay powder - for masonry from refractory bricks;
d) lime or lime-cement - for laying chimneys, ventilation ducts, smoke ducts in the walls of buildings;
e) lime-cement - for laying chimneys above the attic floor;
f) cement - for laying chimneys above the roof;
g) sandy lime - for laying foundations in dry soil and cement - in wet soil;
h) clay sand - for assembling stoves and kitchen stoves from prefabricated blocks;
i) clay, lime-gypsum, cement-clay - for plastering furnaces and pipes, depending on the required quality of finishing, purpose and humidity in the room. In rooms with high humidity, a cement-clay mortar is recommended for plastering.

Work during the laying and repair of stoves and fireplaces
Furnace work should be started if:
a) plans of premises with reference to a stove, barbecue, fireplace, stove complex, as well as smoke and foundations;
b) working drawings with orders for heating and heating-cooking stoves, fireplaces or technical documentation for stoves, fireplaces and prefabricated apparatus;
c) working drawings with details of the device of fire protection elements.
Heating stoves, fireplaces with a mass of 750 kg or more must be installed on separate foundations or bases.
Before laying the foundation, the location and contours of the furnace are determined, the axes and corners of the foundation are broken down. Places of conjugation of the foundation with the building structures are marked.
When building a foundation made of bricks or natural stones, the following masonry rules should be followed:
a) the surfaces of bricks and stones must be free from dirt and dust;
b) the brick must be immersed in water before laying, natural stones can be moistened with water;
c) the thickness of the seams brickwork must be uniform and kept within acceptable dimensions;
d) foundations made of natural stones and crushed stone are made in formwork by the method of concreting, taking into account the requirements for the production and acceptance of work on concrete and reinforced concrete monolithic structures;
To provide bearing capacity foundation and stability of the furnace, the size of the foundation in the plan should extend beyond the contours of the furnace by at least 50 mm.
Between the foundation for the furnace and the foundation of the building, gaps of at least 50 mm are provided, providing an independent draft of the furnace and the building. The gaps are filled with dry sand.
The thickness of the horizontal joints of the brickwork of the foundation should be kept within 10-15 mm, and the vertical joints 8-15 mm.
The construction of a foundation of stones and rubble concrete should be carried out in compliance with the following rules:
a) the composition of the concrete mixture must meet the requirements for the production of concrete work;
b) the concrete mix should be laid in horizontal layers no more than 250 mm high;
c) the size of stones embedded in concrete should not exceed 1/3 of the thickness of the foundation;
d) fill concrete mortar and the sinking of stones must be carried out so that the solidity of the masonry is ensured. It is not allowed to sink stones into the concrete mixture that has begun to set.
The depth of the foundation for the furnace should be taken from 0.7 to 1 m.
In height, the foundation is carried out to the level of the clean floor of the room. The foundation masonry ends with two rows of ordinary clay bricks with waterproofing between them.
Heating stoves located on the second floor of the building can be installed on the base.
When stone or brick walls, as a rule, the bases for the furnace are made by widening the wall with brickwork. The wall broadening must be laid so that the removal of each row does not exceed 1/3 of the brick length, and the total removal of the unreinforced brick cornice does not exceed half the wall thickness.
To increase the strength and bearing capacity of the walls, brickwork can be reinforced. Reinforcement should be performed with a metal mesh with a wire diameter of 2-6 mm. Reinforcement with separate rods is not allowed.
The laying of stoves, stoves and chimneys should be carried out in accordance with the order, observing the horizontal rows, vertical corners, the shape and size of the internal channels. The verticality of the edges and corners of the masonry, the horizontalness of its rows should be checked at least twice every 0.5-0.6 m on each tier of the masonry with the elimination of deviations.
The clay-sand mortar is prepared in advance, no later than a day before the start of work. The mortar should be selected depending on the fat content of the clay with the ratio of clay and sand, which ensures the drying of the mortar without a noticeable change in volume and without cracking.
When laying in hot dry weather (at an air temperature of 30 ° C or more and relative humidity air less than 50%) before being placed in the structure, the clay brick must be immersed in water for the time required for optimal moisture.
During breaks in work, the top row of masonry should be left uncovered with mortar. The continuation of the masonry after a break should be started with watering the top layer of the brick. The solution must be systematically mixed to prevent dehydration.
Each row of masonry should be lined with 1/2 brick seams. In rows where 3/4 of a brick is needed to ensure bandaging, a banding of 1/4 of a brick is allowed.
The thickness of the seams of the oven masonry made of ordinary clay bricks should be no more than 5 mm, and of refractory and refractory bricks - 3 mm. The thickness of the seams of pipe masonry, carried out with lime or complex mortar, should be no more than 10 mm. Horizontal and vertical joints in brickwork must be completely filled with mortar.
Stove embedded parts (doors, frames, latches, etc.) must be installed along the masonry and fastened with metal wire embedded in the masonry seams.
At the same time, the verticality of the installation of the blower and combustion doors should be ensured, excluding their spontaneous opening.
The grates should be placed in the firebox below the lower border of the furnace opening by 7-14 mm and fit into place with a 5 mm gap along the perimeter filled with sand. The grate slots should be located along the firebox.
On the smoke channels of wood-burning stoves, it is necessary to provide for the installation of two dense valves in series, and on the channels of furnaces operating on coal, peat or gas
one valve with a hole in it with a diameter of 15 mm.
Openings in the walls and chambers in the masonry of the furnace should be blocked with overlap bricks, wedge-shaped lintels or vaults. The use of steel lintels to cover the holes is not allowed.
Wedge-shaped lintels and vaults should be laid on the formwork simultaneously from both sides, in the direction from the heels to the middle. The thickness of the wedge-shaped joints should be at least 5 mm at the bottom and no more than 25 mm at the top.
Fire safety measures to protect combustible structures from fire, cutting and retreat are carried out simultaneously along the masonry of the furnace
The inner surfaces of the furnace and the flue duct must be smooth, thoroughly cleaned of excess mortar with a wet mop. Plastering of internal surfaces is not allowed.
Within attic space the outer surfaces of the chimney should be plastered and whitewashed.
The use of clay mortar for laying the chimney above the roof is not allowed.
After the construction of stoves and heating devices, they should be dried by a test furnace with a gradual increase in the amount of fuel, starting with the laying of a 20-30 percent calculated amount of fuel. Drying can be considered complete if damp spots cease to appear on the surface of the furnace, and traces of condensation on the valve or view. After drying, there should be no cracks on the oven surface.
During the oven drying, the shutter, furnace and blower doors must remain open around the clock.
Drying and trial firing of furnaces before chimneys are brought out above the roof are not allowed.
Smoke ducts (pipes)
Chimneys (pipes) of furnaces and solid fuel devices must ensure complete removal of combustion products into the atmosphere.
Flue ducts (pipes) should, as a rule, be placed against internal walls and partitions made of non-combustible materials. Placement in external walls made of non-combustible materials, insulated, if necessary, from the outside to exclude condensation of moisture from the discharged combustion products, is allowed. In the absence of walls in which it is possible to place channels, it is necessary to use stacked or main chimneys.
As a rule, a separate chimney should be provided for each stove and each apparatus. It is allowed to connect two stoves (two devices) located in one apartment on the same floor to one pipe. When connecting two branch pipes to the channel, cuttings with a thickness of 0.12 m and a height of at least 1 m from the bottom of the branch pipes should be provided.
To connect furnaces and apparatus to chimneys, it is allowed to provide branch pipes with a length of not more than 0.4 m. The thickness of the walls of a branch pipe made of brick should be at least 65 mm, and of heat-resistant concrete at least 60 mm. The thickness of the walls of the metal pipes from the apparatus should be taken at least 1 mm.
Chimneys should be made of ceramic bricks with walls at least 120 mm thick or heat-resistant concrete at least 60 mm thick, with pockets 250 mm deep in the bases for cleaning soot. When the surfaces of the smoke channels are located outside buildings, the thickness of the walls made of bricks should be taken at least 380 mm at a design outside air temperature of up to -20 ° C, 510 mm at a temperature from -20 ° C to -30 ° C and 650 mm at a temperature below - 30 ° C.
The chimneys must be arranged vertically without ledges and cross-section reduction. It is allowed to accept the deflection of pipes at an angle of up to 30 ° to the vertical with a horizontal deviation of no more than 1 m.
The cross-section of chimneys should be taken, depending on the heat output of the furnace (apparatus), at least:
140x140 mm - with heating power up to 3.5 kW;
140x200 mm - with a heat output from 3.5 to 5.2 kW;
140x270 mm - with a heat output from 5.2 to 7 kW.
Cross-sectional area round pipes should be at least the area of \u200b\u200brectangular channels. The chimney area should not be less area the smoke outlet of the device.
The height of chimneys, counting from grate to the mouth, you should take at least 5 m.
Smoke ducts in internal or external walls may be performed in conjunction with ventilation ducts. At the same time, they must be divided along their entire height by sealed clay brick partitions with a thickness of at least 120 mm.
The elevation of chimneys should be taken:
a) at least 500 mm above a flat roof;
b) at least 500 mm above the roof ridge or parapet when the pipe is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet;
c) not lower than the roof ridge or parapet when the chimney is located at a distance of 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge or parapet;
The device of umbrellas, deflectors and other nozzles on chimneys is not allowed.
When the smoke channels (pipes) are adjacent to the structures of buildings made of combustible materials (walls, partitions, ceilings, roof details), it is necessary to provide solutions to protect them from fire, set out in paragraph 3.8 of these rules.
The laying of brick chimneys should be carried out taking into account the requirements of clause 3.5 of these rules, and from concrete blocks - the factory instructions.
Ventilation of premises.
In rooms in which furnaces or solid fuel devices are located, it is necessary to provide a window with a window or an exhaust ventilation duct with natural air induction.
In buildings, it is not allowed to install artificially induced ventilation systems in the absence of artificially induced forced ventilation systems.
The use of smoke ducts for ventilation of premises is not allowed.
When accepting furnaces and apparatus for operation, a primary check of the ventilation ducts is carried out, as a result of which it is established:
a) compliance of the channel device and materials with design solutions;
b) no blockages in the ventilation duct;
c) isolation of ventilation ducts from smoke ducts;
d) the presence of thrust in the channel;
e) channel density;
f) the location of the tops in relation to the ridge of the roof and the zone of wind support.
The presence of draft in the ventilation duct is checked by applying a sheet of thin paper to the air exhaust grille. With sufficient traction, the sheet of paper fits snugly against the grate and is held on its own.