The need for waterproofing basements. Types of insulating materials, their characteristics and advantages. Work technologies for each of the waterproofers.
Why do you need basement waterproofing
Protecting the room from moisture penetration is a task that must be solved when laying the foundation. During the construction of the facility, a number of measures are carried out that create obstacles to the ingress of water into the walls and floor of the basement. The highest quality waterproofing is achieved only at the time of construction. Measures taken in an already constructed room may not give the calculated result. The following types of basement waterproofing are used: anti-pressure, non-pressure, anti-capillary.
Anti-pressure waterproofing is carried out in cases where water rises beyond the floor mark, and often reaches the basement walls. Then the work is carried out outside the building. Waterproofing inside the basement is not effective, as the water there tends to pull the material away from the wall. In addition to these measures to prevent moisture from entering the basement, it is necessary to make a drainage system around it and drain the existing water into the storm system.
Waterproofing materials, liquid water-repellent
A large slab of 30 mm granite slab is placed on a 60 mm day slab on drainage slabs with a non-woven top cover. In narrow areas, the pavement surface has approximately 0.5-1% gradients towards closed parapets. The gradient in the sealing substrate of the two-layer polymer-bitumen sheets extends to a multitude of drains located under the granite cladding. Thus, the surface of the coating must be dewatered exclusively over the sealing joints of approximately 5 mm width, in which the strips from the plastic cavity serve as spacers.
Non-pressure waterproofing is done when the level groundwater not high and the possibility of flooding is zero. Protect surfaces only from slight penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the soil. Here it is more expedient to cover the entire basement with bituminous mastic.
Anti-capillary waterproofing is carried out in order to protect the basement walls from water penetration through capillaries. Previously, bituminous mastic was used for this or covered with sheets of roofing material. Now they use penetrating waterproofing agents.
The gutters, covered with mesh grids, end in front of the door a few centimeters in front of the door. The gratings are dewatered through the immediately adjacent 2cm drainage layer and through the slotted layer, which is equipped with perforated plates, so they do not have their own drainage or drainage channel to the existing surface channels. In order to prevent the drainage layer from becoming fixed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lattice grid, a filter network is provided in the lattice grid, which is designed to retain coarser impurities.
The choice of materials for waterproofing the basement
Waterproofers that are offered to the consumer are usually classified into the following groups:
- Coating... These means include mixtures based on bitumen, they are used cold and with the help of heating. This group also includes cement compounds, polymer-based mixtures, thick-walled bituminous coatings. The base of the solution is bituminous resin with the addition of synthetic rubber. It contains no solvents. It is used on various types of surfaces: brick, concrete, stone, plastered. Cement waterproofing is a composition of polymers with the addition of cement. This insulator is vapor-permeable and has high adhesion, therefore it is often used for internal waterproofing works. Considering that it contains polymers, it is flexible in use, its application does not require special knowledge, and its advantage is its affordable price. The main disadvantage of do-it-yourself cement-based waterproofing basement is the fragility of the material.
- Liquid rubber... It contains bitumen and various polymers. Its key property is the ability to firmly bond the insulator with the molecules of the treated surface. Liquid rubber is a material that has many positive properties, such as durability, inability to be exposed to microorganisms, temperature extremes, and ultraviolet rays. It is resistant to water pressure, has good adhesion, fire safety, low price and high maintainability.
- Liquid glass... It has the same properties as rubber: hardening, it protects the treated surface from moisture. The main components of the material: sodium silicate with the addition of sand and soda. Available in liquid or dry form, diluted with water and used for basement waterproofing. Differs in high adhesive qualities, corrosion resistance, no need for application special equipment... The disadvantages of the insulator include the impossibility of using it on any type of surface.
- Roll... The industry offers a large selection of roll insulators, which include bitumen and polymers. The main materials of this group are roofing felt and roofing felt; glass roofing material, brizol, hydroizol, foilgoizol are also on sale. The basis for roll insulators is mastic, which is put in a heated form or used in a cold way, or the material is fixed by melting. Among the positive qualities of roll insulation, we highlight the relatively inexpensive cost of work and the ability to perform gluing on our own. The negative aspects that arise when waterproofing the basement include loss of quality at low temperatures, the ability to be exposed to microorganisms and mechanical damage.
- Penetrating... The point is the reciprocal reaction of the material and the processed plane. The waterproofing agent applied to the surface is absorbed through the capillaries to a depth of 0.4 mm and crystallizes. This process is possible only due to the action of penetrates - special components that are part of the insulator. Therefore, materials for penetrating waterproofing are called Penetron. Silica or aluminum oxide is added to the composition of the substance to impart penetrating properties. The use of Penetron as an insulator is associated with its penetration into the pores of concrete, while waterproof crystals are formed. The mixtures used as penetrating insulation have the following positive qualities: the ability to penetrate to a depth of more than 0.5 mm, which makes it possible to improve the waterproofing of concrete, close any microcracks, and are characterized by a long service life. The treated surfaces are resistant to low temperatures, and the material is easy to use.
- Injection... This waterproofing has excellent penetrating properties. The flowable gel is injected into the holes prepared in advance for this purpose. The product can be used even in damp rooms, and the surfaces are not subject to special preparation. Injections allow you to penetrate into any hard-to-reach places, plus a small investment is required.
Note! Working with injection isolation wards requires certain practical skills and training, unlike other materials.
In elongated narrow balconies with closed parapets, there are no emergency overflows, but these zones freely penetrate into balconies without clearly delineated edges. During the adoption of the residential complex, almost all issues specific to the drainage of the roof drainage were discussed.
Is there enough coating leakage just over his joints, although many joints have already been added after several months of use and have shown first growth? Do grilles that do not cover the full width door sill joint provide adequate splash protection? Is an emergency overflow in the event of heavy rain primarily in front of the same door sills and a partial very wide distance between these door sills and the lowered edge of the balcony?
- Does the grating drainage system work continuously over the drainage layers?
- Doesn't it really matter at all to "hide" processes that are inaccessible to the cover?
Basement waterproofing technology
The sequence of work is different depending on which material is chosen for the basement waterproofing.
Application of coating waterproofing
Waterproofing materials include cement coating, rubber mastic, liquid rubber and water glass. Consider the application technology for each insulator.
Drainage of grates. In principle, drainage of lattice ladders only through the drainage layer is not in accordance with the recommendations, for example flat message lines. It is stated that the trough-shaped drainage nets should have a “direct connection to the drain”; this usually means routing the serviced duct or duct in a divided layer of the grill to the outlet.
Due to the filter grill under the grill, it is very unlikely to add a very generous drainage mat 20 mm high below the drainage layer, which also serves as a drainage layer. After all, this sidewalk design could have been realized without any drains. Grilles can be considered sufficiently dehydrated, although it is generally recommended to install serviceable drainage channels that can be easily realized with an installation height of 60 mm.
Cement coating
Before starting to apply the cement waterproofing coating, the following tools must be prepared: a working bucket, a brush, a roller or a spatula (it all depends on the consistency of the solution). Materials that will be needed for work: flexible cement paste, water.
The instructions for carrying out the work will be reduced to the following actions:
The main drainage takes place through the joints of the slab, which does not have a gradient to the door grilles, but to the parapets. The belts located at the joints hold the joint in the lower part, but filter out some of the dirt in the upper joint region so that they must be cleaned at very short intervals if they are not clogged or dirty. Due to the slope gradient, the joints are positioned directly in front of the parapets. This will be the result of congestion and confusion.
General tasks of waterproofing
If the user can also expect some maintenance effort, it is nevertheless disadvantageous in this case, not to connect the liner linear groove directly in front of the parapet to the drain. Therefore, it was decided to place additional mesh nets at regular intervals in front of the balustrades, which are then directly connected to the drains.
- All treated surfaces are cleaned of old cement, all kinds of irregularities.
- Regardless of the material (mastic or cement coating), the area is abundantly wetted with water. The insulator adheres better to a damp surface and goes deeper into the pores.
- When applying a cement coating, the dry mixture is diluted with water. The solution must be well moistened, otherwise it will not adhere well to the surface.
- The mixture is applied with a brush, roller or spatula, it depends on the consistency.
- After the surface has dried, it is finished.
This effort could have been avoided if the covering had been laid in narrow terraced areas in many of the lattice gratings. Hidden drains are formally useful as the generous, quiet surface of the large granite floor is uninterrupted, but they have a technical flaw.
Construction and installation of surfaced waterproofing
Runoffs cannot absorb rainwater caused by rain in the short term, as only longer seepage needs to be covered. Procedures are difficult to access for purposes maintenance... The disadvantages are also increased due to the fact that the joints tend to be clogged. Therefore, the control systems only provide hidden drains for laminated panels, since their connections remain open more reliably. Regardless of the question of the reliability of the collection of precipitation water, the processes must be supported.
The use of mastic implies its application outside the building in order to protect it from water ingress. Before applying it, you must prepare the following tools: a brush or roller (depending on the consistency of the mastic), a spatula, a working bucket.
The algorithm for carrying out work with rubber mastic is as follows:
- The surface to be treated must be cleaned of old cement, dirt and debris.
- The surface is well moistened with water, this enables the material to better penetrate the concrete structure.
- The mastic is mixed and applied to the walls.
- When the surface is dry, it can be plastered.
Liquid rubber
In the case of hidden drains, the location of the procedure should therefore be indicated, at least as needed. The grilles should, in principle, extend over the entire width of the door sills to be protected. Of course, the answer to the question about the importance of unfilled water protection depends on how heavily the respective door system is loaded with water and how carefully the building seal is connected to the sill, but in particular also in the side mixing area.
If the water load is fairly low and the joints have been handled with care and care, incomplete detection of the full width of the door will not result in a significant decrease in reliability. Due to the very small size of the surface, it was also possible to evaluate without evaluation that the free edges in the area of \u200b\u200bthe balconies in terms of control systems are sufficient for the entire terrace area as an emergency overflow for severe rainfall.
To work with it, you will need the following tools: a roller or special installation... Materials used for applying liquid rubber: antiseptic primer, insulator, special fabric.
The technology boils down to the following works:
- Basement walls are cleaned of dust, dirt and existing fungi. If there are irregularities on the surface, they must be putty, as an excess amount of material will be used.
- A primer is applied to the basement wall, which performs an antiseptic function and promotes better bonding of the material and the base. It is thrown at all corners and crevices, then they are covered with a special cloth, this makes it possible to better seal the seams. After that, the entire wall is already primed, as a result, the seams and corners are primed twice. The solution dries out for 3-4 hours, it depends on the ambient temperature and the presence of ventilation in the basement.
- Liquid rubber applied to the walls with a roller or a special machine that evenly distributes the insulator over the wall surface.
- After curing, a film forms on the base that protects it from moisture. Now you can carry out finishing work.
Therefore, in the present dispute, only the lattice gratings along the balcony bridges and the arrangement of the marked sequences were to be modernized. Drainage Conclusions. From the illustrated case, the following can be obtained general rules... Only in the case of folded overlays, exclusive drainage can be safely carried out through the butt joints; Otherwise, surface water must be fed directly to the sewer. The conclusions presented about slope and drainage should be seen as recommendations, but not as strict rules: more important than knowing the rules is understanding the technical connections, so that the most adequate solution can be found in constantly changing individual cases for a reason.
To work with it, we need the following tools: a brush or roller, a working bucket, a spatula. Materials to be used: liquid glass, water, plaster.
The technology for using liquid glass inside the basement will be as follows:
- We clean surfaces from dirt. Large irregularities can be removed with a chisel or chisel. After that, large debris and dust are swept from the base.
- Before using the insulator, we first wash and then degrease the walls.
- We apply liquid glass first to all corners, cracks, then cover the entire treated area.
Installation of roll waterproofing
Information sheets of the Central Association of the German Building Industry: Exterior coverings - floor structures with slabs and slabs outside buildings; Construction instructions for composite waterproofing with cladding and flooring tiles and panels for indoor and outdoor use.
Flat message lines - Special rules for roofs with waterproofing German roofing works... Weaknesses - roof door sills and roof sheds - when handling damaging construction sites. We not only work on your roof, but also against vertical components such as exterior walls are part of our range of services and skills. It is precisely the sealing of underground garages, swimming pools, basement walls and floor slabs that is very demanding and cannot be repaired without considerable effort in the event of damage.
Tools that are required for stacking such materials: brush, roller, working bucket, sharp scissors. Necessary materials: roll insulator, e.g. roofing material, primer, bitumen mastic.
The technology for using roll insulators is as follows:
- The walls are cleaned of everything unnecessary: \u200b\u200bdirt, debris, concrete adhesion. It is advisable to wash the surface and let it dry thoroughly.
- Then the walls are covered with an even layer of soil mortar, which dries up within a few hours. It is leveled with a roller evenly over the entire area.
- When the surface dries, bitumen mastic is applied to it. During the drying process, it forms a stable, uniform coating.
- The final stage: the roofing material is cut into strips, laid on top of the mastic with an overlap of 15 cm. This is done to isolate all the joints of the wall.
Application of penetrating waterproofing
Depth of groundwater
Therefore, you should only leave this work to professionals who use the sealing strips on a daily basis and do not understand them as a secondary service. The savings at this stage can cost you many thousands of euros later if the print is not supposed to stand out so much.
All sizes. Waterproofing underground garage protects the floor slab from penetrating water and de-icing salts. Accordingly, seals must also be resistant to chloride: a property that accompanies the bituminous welding path. At the same time, it is regarded as a synthetic polymer coating, and not only due to erection, but also on the life cycle.
Tools used in the work: wide roller or brush, bucket, metal brush. Materials for work: Penetron dry insulating mixture, water.
The application technology boils down to the following algorithm of actions:
- The surface to be treated is prepared, cleaned with a metal brush.
- Then it is abundantly moistened with water, this is necessary so that the pores of the concrete open well, and the insulating mixture gets as deep as possible.
- Next, a solution is prepared: the dry insulating mixture is combined with water.
- First, all corners, joints are processed, then the rest of the surface is covered. The walls are treated with mortar several times. Moreover, at least 2 hours must pass between the application of the first and each subsequent layer.
- The treated surface must be watered with water for several days, this is done in order to uniformly harden the material.
Application of injection waterproofing
Even if you don't immediately think of a roofing contractor when building a swimming pool or pond - here we are the right experts for your project. The waterproofing methods are the same, which are also used on the roof and therefore are provided by us in the highest quality - as this is our daily work. Together with strong companies from the region, we are happy to fulfill your own dream, where water stays where you like best!
A well-glazed balcony floor guarantees no moisture penetration into the building fabric. Because the water under the slabs and in the concrete slab will gradually destroy the material, especially if frost is added. We'll explain how and how you seal your balcony floor to keep your seat intact for as long as possible.
Tools used in the work: injection pump, packers, perforator. Materials for work: mixture for waterproofing.
The algorithm for performing injection isolation will be as follows:
- Holes are prepared using a hammer drill equipped with a heavy-duty drill. A lot of holes need to be made - they are drilled at a distance of 1-2 cm from one another.
- A special device "Packer" is inserted into the hole, through which the prepared mixture is pumped under pressure using an injection pump.
- The insulating mixture should dry within 10-12 hours. It is desirable to be able to ventilate the room. After drying, the room can be used as usual.
How can you seal a balcony floor?
The balcony floor can be sealed with several materials under which you can freely choose. Everything from mineral materials to plastic paints. Here is a selection of the most important sealing materials. Special cement for spreading on a balcony slab for laying or gluing bitumen sheets for welding for floor painting. The advantage of liquid plastics is that they can also form attractive decorative layers and therefore decorative flooring is no longer required.
It is not difficult to waterproof the basement from the inside if you stock up on the necessary tools, materials and carefully follow our instructions. Thanks to them, in a few days it will be possible to dry the room and protect its surfaces from the appearance of microorganisms.
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any house, apartment, social buildings always have rooms with high humidity (toilets), where floor waterproofing is not only desirable, but necessary. Moreover, given the increased risk of accidents for such premises, in which a significant amount of water gets on the floor.
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How can a balloon seal be installed?
They can also be applied to both damaged and undamaged surfaces. They will even crack. You can only insulate the entire balcony when you first remove the old floor from the open balcony panel. The panel is then repaired: it must be dry and reworked until the supporting substrate is formed.
Then place your seal on this surface. If you choose to use a layer of sealant, carefully glue the adjacent wall and railings together to prevent contamination. When sealing a balcony floor, it is important to handle the edge zonesbecause that's where the biggest weakness is located. When using clamping tapes with sealing foils, even special sealing tapes can be applied to the edge areas.
General tasks of waterproofing
Do-it-yourself floor waterproofing is required for:
and) protection of materials that lose their properties from water (for example, insulation) or are destroyed;
b) protection of adjacent premises from water ingress, incl. in case of an accident.
Why do you need a waterproofing floor
Waterproofing floors in bathrooms and similar rooms has a dual purpose:
- Protection against the effects of moisture in structures, subfloors (screeds), or floors (if the room is located in a multi-storey building).
- Protection of the underlying room, both from the effects of high humidity and from the ingress of water in the event of an accident.
The concrete of the slab or subfloor resists the effects of water quite well, which cannot be said about the reinforcement laid in its thickness, so the question of how to waterproof the floor in front of the screed is quite serious.
When exposed to moisture, the metal begins to rust, gradually reducing its bearing capacity, in addition, the adhesion of the reinforcement to the concrete is lost, and the concrete itself begins to collapse.
Types of floor waterproofing, what materials and tools are needed
Do-it-yourself floor waterproofing, of course, cannot be done without insulating materials and tools for their application.
There are two main types of waterproofing coatings.
It is represented by various kinds of mastics, compositions based on cement, magnesian, or bituminous binders, as well as the "penetron" type.
Each material has its own characteristics and although, in most cases, waterproofing of a concrete floor can be performed with any of the types of coating materials, their combinations give the best effect.
The compositions are delivered ready-made or prepared directly at the construction site.
For the preparation of bituminous mastics in significant quantities, special devices are required - bitumen cookers. Small volumes can be made in a bucket or other metal container.
Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a concrete floor using such compounds will require brushes, a roller or a spatula. For large areas, mechanized application installations are used.
Roll (glued) waterproofing of the floor
Rolled waterproofing is a relatively thin (up to 2-3 mm) films made of waterproof plastic (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), rather complex composites based on various kinds of resins (as a rule, based on bitumen).
Roll materials used for waterproofing floor screeds, in turn, are divided into basic and non-basic.
Baseless Is a film of uniform composition in its cross section. An example is butyl rubber membranes, plastic films, complex mixtures based on bitumen, various resins.
Basic materials are distinguished by the presence of a base made of fiberglass, synthetic fabrics or paper on which they are applied waterproofing material... They can be successfully used as a waterproofing before the floor screed or over the screed.
For cutting roll materials used different types cutters and assembly knives. The glue is applied with a brush or spatula, and for the materials to be welded, you will need an industrial hair dryer or a burner.
Preparation of premises for waterproofing works
To prepare the room for the waterproofing of the floor, it is necessary to remove all the dignity. technical equipment interfering with communications. Remove all intermediate layers of floor covering, including old waterproofing.
Along the perimeter of the room to a height of 14-15 cm from the floor, knock down the cladding and plaster from the walls.
Preparation of the surface (base) for waterproofing application
In order for the waterproofing of the floor with your own hands to be carried out efficiently, careful preparation of the base is necessary.
Preparation tasks:
and) ensure good adhesion of the structure to the material;
b) ensure uniform and high-quality application of waterproofing;
at) prevent possible damage to the insulating layer during its application (laying), during the installation of subsequent layers, as well as during operation.
First, with the help of a punch, all the protrusions are knocked off. If it is the metal of the reinforcement or the edges of the embedded parts, they are cut off with a grinder. Cracks are minted.
Immediately before waterproofing the floor, the surface is primed to increase adhesion and dedust. For soil use bituminous primers, acrylate-based penetrating compounds, etc.
Floor waterproofing under the screed and under the tiles
As a rule, in bathrooms and toilets, the floor is waterproofed in front of the screed, on which the tiles are then laid.
When installing a screed over the waterproofing layer, special care should be taken not to damage it. Up to the fact that the screed is done in two steps: first, how protective layer for waterproofing (it must be done at least 3 cm), and the next day, directly leveling, under the device for a clean floor.
As for the question of how to waterproof the floor in the bathroom under the tiles, which sometimes interests people, there is no specificity in the device for waterproofing the floor just before laying the tiles. Both under tiles and under other types of coverings, for example, 3D floors, waterproofing is performed in the same way.
How to make do-it-yourself waterproofing of the floor
Coating insulation is usually a viscous mixture, which is poured onto a prepared substrate and spread with a spatula with slight pressure, achieving an even distribution and equal layer thickness. For more liquid formulations, use a brush.
In order to better protect the structures and the underlying premises, the waterproofing of the bathroom floor should extend 10-12 cm onto the walls of the room, forming a kind of "trough" from which water will not pour out, even with a significant leak.
How to make (lay) roll floor waterproofing with your own hands
Roll waterproofing is done with glue or dry. Fusion technology can be a type of glue.
Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the floor (especially weldable) is best done together: one rolls out the roll, pressing the tape to the base, the second works with a burner, brings materials, applies glue, etc.
Construction and installation of surfaced waterproofing
When fusing, the adhesive is bitumen applied directly to the material.
The material is cut to the size of the room, taking into account the overlap on the wall. The cut strips are rolled back into rolls, the weld layer outward. It is very inconvenient to work, rolling and cutting off a ten-meter roll "in place"; cutting off the material will not work out neatly every time. The cut strips are rolled back into rolls, the weld layer outward.
It is better to cut the whole volume at once, so that you do not have to change tools every time, put the burner aside, etc.
The floor waterproofing strips are laid parallel to the wall. The first roll begins to roll out, stepping back from the wall 2-3 cm so as not to cling to the wall with the edge of the roll.
The lower surface is heated until the bitumen coating "melts" with the help of an industrial hair dryer, while heating the surface of the base, at the same time the roll is unrolled, pressing and smoothing the material.
The next strip is laid parallel to the first one with an overlap of 10 cm (the overlap line is marked on the outside of the sheet). After the floor is waterproofed, the corners of the wall and the floor are glued in strips of 20-30 cm, along which the roll was unfolded ().
Particular attention is paid to the corners of the room. For high-quality insulation, bitumen is additionally fused in them, or coated with mastic.
When the strips are mated in the transverse direction (if the strip is not enough), an overlap of at least 15 cm is performed. The place where the transverse seam covers the next strip is additionally sealed by fusing bitumen or mastic.
Laying roll waterproofing on glue
Waterproofing the floor of a bathroom or other rooms with glue is carried out in the same way as melted, but instead of melting the surface of the material with adhesive mastic, the floor surface is smeared.
It is more convenient to lay it on mastic when the floor waterproofing device is required not in one, but in two, three layers.
Dry waterproofing
The easiest way to lay the insulation "dry" without using any glue.
This type of waterproofing is used in rooms where high humidity is not constant and the risk of a significant water spill is low. Therefore, before you do the waterproofing of the floor with your own hands in this way, you need to take into account the mode of using the room.
When waterproofing dry, in the longitudinal direction, the strips are overlapped at least 15 centimeters, and in the transverse direction 20 centimeters.
Safety measures for waterproofing the floor
We have considered how to make a waterproofing floor, now a little about.
In the work, rather harmful substances are used based on bitumen, various kinds of synthetics, this first of all requires good ventilation, especially in small rooms that do not have windows.
The use of burners and even a relatively safe hair dryer requires the mandatory use of personal protective equipment: long-sleeved clothing, protective gloves, glasses.
Take it responsibly, and the work will bring you pleasure from the result, not injury and poisoning. Ask questions either. , photos, we will publish them on the site. Order work for specialists! Support the project! Good luck to you, good to your home!
