Plastic pipes have long become an excellent alternative to metal products. This popularity is due to the strength and durability of polymer materials. In addition, polypropylene pipes have a composite structure that allows the material to withstand high temperatures and pressures (without deformation), does not corrode, and does not react to aggressive components.
In addition, the installation of such pipelines is much easier: plastic is easily processed, soldered by heat welding. In this article, we will analyze the key parameters that will be useful for both a home craftsman and a professional plumber.
Scope of polymer pipes
Considering that polypropylene pipes are capable of functioning in almost any conditions, the products have a wide range of applications. In particular:
Hot and cold water supply in multi-storey and private buildings.
Sewerage.
Arrangement of the "warm floor" system in the house.
Discharge of ground and waste water.
Creation of drainage, irrigation and reclamation systems.
Ventilation.
Pneumatic systems.
Pipelines for transportation of chemically active substances.
It should be noted that depending on the area of \u200b\u200bapplication, different types of pipes are used. Subject to the conditions of use, these products can serve about 50 years without losing functionality.
Physical and mechanical characteristics
Melting point: + 149C (GOST 21553).
Density: 0.9 g / cc see (GOST15139).
Yield strength (elongation): from 24 to 25 N / kV. mm (GOST11262).
Tensile strength: from 34 to 35 N / kV. mm (GOST11262).
Elongation at yield point: 50%.
Expansion coefficient: 0.15 mm / mmС (GOST15173).
Thermal conductivity (at + 20C): 0.24 W / mC (DIN 52612).
Specific heat (+ 20C): 2 kJ / kgC (GOST 23630).
Advantages and disadvantages of plastic pipes
Polypropylene has a number of undeniable advantages over metal pipelines. The strengths of the material include the following points:
Long lifetime... Manufacturers assure that pipes used in cold water supply can last at least 100 years.
Low weight... Polypropylene is a lightweight material. If we compare products of similar length and diameter made of plastic and metal, the former will be easier approximately 9 times.
Simple assembly... The installation of such a water supply system can be handled by a person who does not have special skills and knowledge.
Elevated sound insulation level... Pipes in residential buildings do not allow noise to pass through.
Corrosion resistant... The inner surface of the pipe is processed using a special technology, which eliminates the appearance of solid formations that reduce the throughput of the pipeline.
In addition, high resistance to low temperatures and dynamic loads can be noted. Such pipes do not need special maintenance, are sold in an affordable price segment.
The material also has some disadvantages. In particular:
The probability of linear expansion remains high, which requires installation special expansion joints.
Accelerated aging of material under the influence of direct sun rays.
Low heat resistance, which implies the mandatory use of insulation.
In addition, sagging of wall-mounted pipelines is not allowed, therefore, the number of fasteners increases significantly.
Legend - Marking
By marking polypropylene pipes you can learn about the raw materials used for the manufacture and the technical features of the material. Above were the designations that indicate the ability of pipes to withstand a certain pressure inside the line.
Now let's look at the markings that indicate some of the properties of the material. In the construction market, you can find pipes of the following categories:
PPB - products with high resistance to mechanical damage and water hammer, used in "warm floor" systems and cold water supply.
PPH - large-diameter pipes, which are usually used for the installation of ventilation systems.
PPR - universal product, equally effective in hot and cold water supply.
Regardless of the marking, polypropylene pipes are made of plastic. However, manufacturers usually add active additives to the feedstock that increase the elasticity and heat resistance of the material.
Types and classification
There are 4 classifying groups, which are subdivided according to the parameters of the working pressure. It looks like this:
PN 10... They are used for transporting liquids not high temperatures - before +45 degrees.
PN 16... Suitable for arranging a gas or liquid transport system, provided that the temperature of the coolant does not exceed +60 degrees.
PN 20... Widely used pipes capable of withstanding temperatures up to +95 degrees.
PN 25... Products for hot water and steam supply, with a heating medium temperature up to +100 degrees.
The numerical designation of each group indicates the value of the pressure in atmospheres inside the line. Design pressure versus service life and temperature:
| Temperature (° C) | Service life (years) | Pipe type | |||
| PN 10 | PN 16 | PN 20 | PN 25 | ||
| Permissible excess pressure, kgf / cm2 | |||||
| 20 | 10 | 13,5 | 21,7 | 21,7 | 33,9 |
| 25 | 13,2 | 21,1 | 26,4 | 33,0 | |
| 50 | 12,9 | 20,7 | 25,9 | 32,3 | |
| 30 | 10 | 11,7 | 18,8 | 23,5 | 9,3 |
| 25 | 11,3 | 18,1 | 22,7 | 28,3 | |
| 50 | 11,1 | 17,7 | 22,1 | 27,7 | |
| 40 | 10 | 10,1 | 16,2 | 20,3 | 25,3 |
| 25 | 9,7 | 15,6 | 19,5 | 24,3 | |
| 50 | 9,2 | 14,7 | 18,4 | 23,0 | |
| 50 | 8,7 | 13,9 | 17,3 | 23,5 | 21,7 |
| 25 | 8,0 | 12,8 | 16,0 | 20,0 | |
| 50 | 7,3 | 11,7 | 14,7 | 18,3 | |
| 60 | 10 | 7,2 | 11,5 | 14,4 | 18,0 |
| 25 | 6,1 | 9,8 | 12,3 | 15,3 | |
| 50 | 5,5 | 8,7 | 10,9 | 13,7 | |
| 70 | 10 | 5,3 | 8,5 | 10,7 | 13,3 |
| 25 | 4,5 | 7,3 | 9,1 | 11,9 | |
| 30 | 4,4 | 7,0 | 8,8 | 11,0 | |
| 50 | 4,3 | 6,8 | 8,5 | 10,7 | |
| 80 | 5 | 4,3 | 6,9 | 8,7 | 10,8 |
| 10 | 3,9 | 6,3 | 7,9 | 9,8 | |
| 25 | 3,7 | 5,9 | 7,5 | 9,2 | |
| 95 | 1 | 3,9 | 6,7 | 7,6 | 8,5 |
| 5 | 2,8 | 4,4 | 5,4 | 6,1 | |
By types, products are divided into reinforced and unreinforced. For the second group, reinforcement with such materials is allowed:
Fiberglass.
Internal reinforcement with perforated foil.
External - with a layer of aluminum.
Composite: internal layers of glass or fiber.
for the arrangement of hot water supply or heating systems, only reinforced pipes are used.
Standard size tables
Considering that pipes of this type are used almost everywhere, manufacturers produce products in a wide range of sizes. The standard size of products varies within the following limits:
Diameter - from 5 to 400 mm... Small pipes are usually used for laying pneumatic systems, medium pipes are used for multi-storey construction, large: arrangement of buildings where high throughput engineering communications.
Length - standard value is 4 metershowever, this is not a reference performance and is at the discretion of the manufacturer.
Wall thickness - 1.9-15.1 mm.
It should be clarified that polypropylene pipes can be made in the form of a monolayer and multilayer structure. The second option involves reinforcement: a five-layer structure, where an aluminum gasket is located between the plastic layers. The thickness of the reinforcing layer usually varies within 0.1-0.5mm.
| Outside diameter, mm | PN10 | PN20 | PN30 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inner diameter | Wall thickness | Inner diameter | Wall thickness | Inner diameter | Wall thickness | |
| 16 | 10.6 | 2.7 | ||||
| 20 | 16.2 | 1.9 | 13.2 | 3.4 | 13.2 | 3.4 |
| 25 | 20.4 | 2.3 | 16.6 | 4.2 | 16.6 | 4.2 |
| 32 | 26.0 | 3.0 | 21.2 | 5.4 | 21.2 | 3.0 |
| 40 | 32.6 | 3.7 | 26.6 | 6.7 | 26.6 | 3.7 |
| 50 | 40.8 | 4.6 | 33.2 | 8.4 | 33.2 | 4.6 |
| 63 | 51.4 | 5.8 | 42 | 10.5 | 42 | 5.8 |
| 75 | 61.2 | 6.9 | 50 | 12.5 | 50 | 6.9 |
| 90 | 73.6 | 8.2 | 6 | 15 | ||
| 110 | 90 | 10 | 73.2 | 18.4 | ||
See dimension tables for water and gas steel pipes... Learn about the nominal width and how to avoid confusion between inches and mm.
| Equivalent passage, mm | Outside diameter, mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Steel gas pipeline | Steel plumbing | Polymer | |
| 10 | 17 | 16 | 16 |
| 15 | 21.3 | 20 | 20 |
| 20 | 26.8 | 26 | 25 |
| 25 | 33.5 | 32 | 32 |
| 32 | 43.2 | 42 | 40 |
| 40 | 48 | 45 | 50 |
| 50 | 60 | 57 | 63 |
| 65 | 75.5 | 76 | 75 |
| 80 | 88.5 | 89 | 90 |
| 90 | 101.3 | ||
| 100 | 114 | 108 | 110 |
| 125 | 140 | 133 | 125 |
| 150 | 165 | 159 | 160 |
| 160 | 180 | 180 | |
| 200 | 219 | 225 | |
| 225 | 245 | 250 | |
| 250 | 273 | 280 | |
| 300 | 325 | 315 | |
| 400 | 426 | 400 | |
| 500 | 530 | 500 | |
| 600 | 630 | 630 | |
| 800 | 820 | 800 | |
| 1000 | 1020 | 1000 | |
| 1200 | 1220 | 1200 | |
Some important nuances of installation
Installation of plastic pipes is somewhat different from metal counterparts. In particular, the following conditions must be observed during installation:
Polypropylene pipes do not bend at right angles, tees and fittings are used here to change the direction of the line.
Plastic does not collapse under the influence of temperature extremes: the pipe increases in length. Therefore, if the length of the pipeline segment exceeds 10 meters, temperature compensators must be installed.
Under the influence of high temperatures, pipes are subject to linear expansion, therefore, rigid fixation of the pipeline inside the wall structures is not allowed: thermal gaps must be left.
For hot water supply, only reinforced products are used that are less susceptible to linear expansion.
Slight bending of the pipe is allowed. This can be done by heating the surface with a construction hairdryer (temperature about 140 degrees).
It should be noted that storage of plastic pipes in open spaces is not recommended. To protect products from direct sunlight, which destroys the structure, sheds must be equipped.
Key selection criteria
To buy quality pipesthat easily reach the service life declared by the manufacturer, you must follow the recommendations for selection:
Selection of component parts.
During installation, couplings, fittings, wiring tees are required. The ideal option would be combined elements with threaded inserts or metal frames. Such products will provide a quality transition between plastic and metal pipes.
Manufacturer.
The products are in consistently high demand all over the world, therefore plastic pipes are produced by domestic, European and Asian companies. Pipes produced by German, Czech and Russian companies have proven themselves well. The products of Turkish and Chinese manufacturers must be treated with caution: low cost implies low quality.
Marking.
Here you need to pay attention to the throughput of pipes, resistance to water hammer and temperature extremes. The best option is to choose a pipe that slightly exceeds the required values \u200b\u200bin terms of characteristics.
It should be noted that the durability of the plastic pipeline is influenced not only by the characteristics of the product, but also by the correct installation.
Rating of trusted manufacturers
Among the companies engaged in the production of polypropylene pipes, the following brands are most popular:
WAWIN ECOPLASTIK... A Czech company that has managed to win a high rating among builders around the world. The revolutionary solution of the manufacturer is FIBER all-plastic pipes, which have minimal weight, but at the same time show high strength and resistance to linear expansion.
FV-PLAST... Another Czech company on the market with reinforced pipes with perforated aluminum inserts. The manufactured products have a wide range of sizes, ideal for arranging hot and cold water supply.
PRO AQUA... Russian company engaged in the production of multifunctional polypropylene pipes. The company's products are distinguished by high technical characteristics, while being sold in an affordable price range.
In addition, you can pay attention to the products of such companies: BANNINGER REISKIRCHEN (Germany) and VALTEC (Italy). Plastic pipes of these brands are in the high price segment, but they have almost reference quality.
Watch a competent video on how to properly solder polypropylene pipes
A customer who has visited a plumbing supermarket, at the sight of shelves with polypropylene pipes, literally scatters.
The size of polypropylene pipes, their color, fittings or lack thereof, operating temperature - how not to get confused in all this? Let's try to clarify the situation with the types of pipes.
Application
First, it is worth deciding what kind of pipes we need.
Pipes are made of polypropylene for:
- Ventilation;
- Sewerage;
- Plumbing and heating.
Of course, the scope of application dictates both the size of polypropylene pipes and the thickness of the walls, their resistance to pressure and temperature.
Ventilation
All that is required of these pipes is to provide air in or out. If so, they do not need great strength, but low weight is welcomed - after all, ventilation often has to be mounted not on main walls, but on decorative partitions, or even laid over suspended ceilings.
The dimensions of ventilation pipes vary depending on the type of premises where they are planned to be used. Most often, pipes of a standard five-meter length are used - longer pipes are simply inconvenient to transport and lay. "Pipe" in this case is a rather arbitrary name; ventilation can be oval, square, rectangle or even more complex shapes in cross section.
In residential premises, they are usually used ventilation pipes diameter 100-125 mm; they are usually connected without. The pipe is simply inserted into the previous socket.
Sewerage
The principle of pipe joining here is most often the same as in ventilation; but the joint already needs tightness. It is provided by a rubber seal ring.
Pipes for internal sewerage are produced in lengths of 0.3 - 2 meters; the most demanded diameters are 40, 50 and 110 mm. Sizes of polypropylene pipes for outdoor sewerage completely different: pipes with a diameter of 150 millimeters and above are more often used there. The typical length of such pipes is 5 meters.
Pipes for gravity drainage are often corrugated and, with a small diameter, are stored in coils. Corrugation makes the pipe less sensitive to soil subsidence; however, subsidence, in addition to the likelihood of damaging the pipe, can also lead to the formation of sections with a negative slope. Of course, this should be avoided: a counter-slope is always a place of accumulation of fat and suspended matter carried by wastewater.
Tip: gravity sewers are always laid with a slope of 1-2 centimeters per meter of length. Deviations upward and downward are equally undesirable.
The maximum diameter of the serially produced polypropylene sewer pipes is 600 millimeters. Such pipes are made for inter-house sewage systems, are often laid with the use of heavy equipment and have a separate pipe length of up to ten meters.
Plumbing and heating
Water supply polypropylene pipes are much more modest: the diameter is from 16 to 110 millimeters, the length can be very different; most often produced are five-meter.
What other characteristics of a pipe for water supply or heating, in addition to size, should you pay attention to?
- Working temperature... The most common pipes are of the PPR type, which, according to manufacturers' assurances, can withstand temperatures of 95 C, in fact, somewhat higher. However, you can also find PPH pipes designed exclusively for ventilation and cold water.
- Operating pressure... Most likely in the store you will see PN20 or PN25 pipes. The number in their marking corresponds to the maximum pressure that they are guaranteed to withstand at normal temperature. If you see PN6 - do not linger at the stand, these pipes are definitely not for you.
- Reinforcement... Polypropylene pipes with dimensions of 16 mm and more may have additional layer aluminum foil or polypropylene interlayer mixed with fiberglass; thanks to the reinforcement, the pipe becomes stronger and less stretches when heated. This is especially important if the pipes are heated in screed or plaster.
Special cases
Pipes that are used to create external cold water supply lines stand apart. The dimensions of polypropylene pipes here can be huge: a pipe diameter of 60 centimeters is not something extraordinary. The wall thickness is calculated in tens of millimeters; such pipes are most often produced in ten-meter lashes.
From the point of view of installers, the features of polypropylene lines are as follows:
- In places of heavy traffic, the pipes lie in a reinforced concrete box. This is done to avoid deformation in the event of inevitable movements and ground subsidence.
- Polypropylene pipes with dimensions of 300 mm and more are usually installed using heavy equipment. Polypropylene is a light material; in fact, it is the lightest of engineering plastics. With a density of 0.91 t / m3, it is lighter than water. But after all, the volume with a fair wall thickness is rather big here!
- Forget fittings. Large pipes are butt welded. Strength does not suffer from this, again thanks to the thick pipe walls.
Conclusion
Summing up, let's once again list what characteristics a polypropylene pipe has: dimensions; wall thickness and the associated ability to withstand mechanical stress; the presence or absence of a reinforcing layer; resistance to high temperatures; method of joining pipes.
As usual - good luck with the renovation!
Polypropylene pipes in construction are now as commonplace as a mobile phone in society, although polypropylene began to be produced on a large scale in Russia only about 30 years ago. Today, this material is the second in the world in terms of consumption among polymers, and polypropylene pipes, the dimensions of which will satisfy any requirements, are stubbornly replacing their metal counterparts.
1 Polypropylene pipes - characteristics
In almost all cases, the characteristics of polypropylene pipes are better than those of analogs made of steel or cast iron, this is especially applicable to the installation of water pipes both in residential buildings and in production. Their undoubted advantage is their long service life, which nominally exceeds 50 years for cold water and at least 25 years for hot water. Of course, these figures only take into account correct operation. The low thermal conductivity of polypropylene is the second factor due to which the material has gained such popularity. Pipes from it practically do not lose heat and, moreover, do not conduct electricity.
Compared to the same metal counterparts, polypropylene creates acoustic insulation, drowning out the noise of the fluid flow and does not resonate during hydraulic shocks. The material itself is completely environmentally friendly and safe for people and animals, the inner surface of the pipes much better prevents the development of bacterial colonies, as well as the deposition of organic and inorganic substances. Simply put, due to the smooth surface, such pipes are less likely to clog, and the water in them is cleaner. Polypropylene is corrosion resistant and resistant to aggressive chemical environments.
In addition, pipes made from this very light material are extremely economical, as are the tools needed to work with them. You don't even need it - it will be replaced by a regular hacksaw. Installation of polypropylene products is carried out up to 7 times faster than it is possible with the installation of metal! Its welding does not require hazardous equipment capable of causing a fire or explosion, and the welded joints are completely tight. Despite the fact that welding requires a high temperature, which causes melting of polypropylene, during installation, no harmful substances are released that can affect the human body.
Polypropylene is also a very plastic material, however, the lower the temperature, the lower this characteristic.Therefore, during installation in the room, it must be at least +5 ° C, otherwise the pipes will be simply unbendable, and the quality of the connections will not be up to par. For the convenience of working with such pipes without additional heating, the temperature in the room should not be lower than +15 ° С. When working, it is necessary to remember the maximum bending radius set by the manufacturer - for a pipe of 16-32 mm it will be equal to its 8 diameters.
Basically, the whole minus of polypropylene pipes comes down to limiting the temperature regime and, along with it, the maximum pressure. Long-term operation of a polypropylene water supply system is possible at a water temperature of no more than 95 ° C.
So, using such pipes for heating in a multi-storey building, clarify what temperature limit it reaches and under what pressure it is supplied to you.
Neglecting this issue, be prepared not only for the appearance of so-called "hernias" on the pipes themselves, but also for an emergency shutdown of heating in your apartment, if such a hernia also breaks through. This happens especially often in houses close to the boiler room. By the way, the nominal minus temperature that polypropylene products can withstand is -10 ° C. At the same time, for the pipes themselves, there are no threats of rupture from the pressure created inside, since the expansion coefficient of polypropylene pipes is 0.15 mm / m ° C.
2 Polypropylene pipes, sizes, categories and methods of reinforcement
The internal diameter of polypropylene pipes, as well as wall thickness and reinforcement methods, are key values \u200b\u200bfor categorizing them. Most popular in construction works three categories:
- PN10 is a category used for the installation of "cold" water supply, as well as for the arrangement of warm floors. Nominally it can withstand temperatures up to +45 ° С and working pressure of 1 MPa. In this group, wall thickness ranges from 2 millimeters to 1 centimeter. Outside pipe diameters - from 20 to 110 mm, internal - from 16 to 90 mm;
- PN20 is a universal category that can be used both in water supply and in heating, provided that the water temperature does not exceed +80 ° C, and the pressure is 2 MPa. Inner diameters PN20 range from 10.6 to 73.2 mm with outer diameters 16-110 mm. Therefore, the wall thickness is in the range of 16-18.4 mm;
- PN25 - this category of pipes is also called reinforced. Closer to the outside, PN25 has a sheet of metal, fiberglass or composite interlayer. This technique is used to enhance their stability at high temperatures (+95 ° C) and pressure (nominal pressure - 2.5 MPa). This category is specially designed for heating systems.
There are five types of reinforcement (reinforcement) for polypropylene products. The first method involves reinforcement with a solid sheet of aluminum foil, which is applied to the outside of the pipe. The second method also consists of reinforcement with aluminum, but unlike the first option, the metal sheet is perforated. A third method of reinforcing with aluminum is to place the aluminum closer to the inside.
The fourth type of reinforcement is the reinforcement of the product with fiberglass, which is in the middle, between the outer and inner layers. And the most effective method reinforce polypropylene pipe - composite reinforcement... A composite is a mixture of polypropylene itself and fiberglass, which is sandwiched between the inner and outer surfaces.
The maximum service life of polypropylene pipes rarely depends on the manufacturers, but to a greater extent depends on factors such as temperature and pressure inside them. In this case, exceeding one of the parameters is permissible, but exceeding both is fraught with consequences. For example, at low pressure, polypropylene will be able to withstand temperatures much higher than the nominal one, and serve a considerable period of time. Similarly, in a situation where the pressure exceeds the nominal, but the temperature remains low.
3 Pipe selection - what to look at?
On the market, you can find polypropylene pipes in a variety of colors - from green to white. By and large, it doesn't matter what color they are, except that black is more resistant to ultraviolet radiation. Otherwise, the conditions of installation, operation and cost are the same.
When choosing polypropylene products for heating, one should take into account not so much their quality as the operating conditions: water temperature, operating pressure in the pipeline. In order for the heating system to serve you for all 50 years, the maximum pressure in the system should not exceed 6 atmospheres, and the temperature should not rise above 80 ° C.
The possibility of linear expansion of the pipe is of great importance during installation. This means that with changes in temperature, polypropylene products can change their length, therefore, the internal pressure can be greater than the working pressure of water. During design and installation, this factor is often not taken into account by inexperienced builders, which can lead to a noticeable reduction in the life of products.
And the high performance characteristics of polypropylene pipelines in water supply and heating systems are only the tip of the iceberg. For the further correct operation of communications, there are thermal and hydraulic calculations... It is not enough just to choose a brand and buy a propylene pipe in the required amount... It is necessary to make sure that the polypropylene pipes for heating have an optimal diameter. Otherwise, in the future, you can face big troubles.
Even at the stage of designing life support systems in the house, when drawing up a working diagram, a reasonable question arises. How should the water supply look like, what diameter of pipes should be in the line that supplies heat? For example, the diameter of polypropylene pipes for water supply is one, but for the organization of a home heating system, pipes of completely different technological parameters are already required. The answer is obvious. It's all about the technological purpose of communications. In each case, we are talking about completely different structures, each of which performs its own, specific functions.
For heating networks, the throughput is important, which should be at least 0.4-0.6 m / s, a parameter recommended by specialists and professionals. The amount of heat energy used to heat living quarters depends on what size the finished product is used in the line.
On a note: if the boiler water flow rate in the heating system pipeline is less than 0.2 m / s, then there is a high probability of airing the line. Exceeding the feed rate by 0.2 will cause an inadvertent increase in energy consumption. By increasing the flow resistance, the load on the service equipment increases.
The use of polypropylene products has greatly simplified the work on equipment in residential buildings of water heating and water supply systems. However, you need to know exactly what type of finished product is suitable in one case or another. The types of polypropylene that exist today have different specifications and are designed for a specific area of \u200b\u200buse.
As a rule, products of the PN25 or PN30 brand are suitable for heating. It is these brands that are capable of withstanding an operating pressure of 2.5 atm., At a coolant temperature of up to 120 0 C. A distinctive feature of such products is thick walls.
For water supply, ordinary, homogeneous polypropylene consumables are used. For heating circuits, it is better to take reinforced products. Due to the inclusion of aluminum or polypropylene in the structure, the resistance of the substance to high temperatures is significantly increased. For heating mains, it is very important to avoid the effect of thermal elongation. Reinforcement significantly reduces the coefficient thermal expansion polypropylene.
For reference: this coefficient is 0.03 mm / m 0 С, while for a conventional channel this value is 0.15 mm / m 0 С. Proceeding from this it is clear: homogeneous products are suitable for cold water supply, only reinforced products are used for heating systems polypropylene.
What are the diameters of polypropylene consumables
Depending on the scope of application, the size of the section of the aquifer depends on the technological parameters of communications. Temperature, flow rate and fluid volume are decisive factors to look out for when choosing accessories. The passage and outside dimension determine the configuration of the product. The current classification of polypropylene pipes clearly defines the typical dimensions of each product used for installation.
To date, manufacturing firms, both domestic and foreign, produce standardized components for pipelines. Taking into account the practical application, typical engineering solutions have been developed that allow determining the optimal passage in products for home heating and other water communications. Based on the data in the table, you can make right choice equipment and components of the heating main, without resorting to hydraulic calculations.
Typically, the following outer diameters are present in the marking:
- 16,20,25,32 and 40 mm, which correspond to the internal dimensions of polypropylene pipes of the PN25 brand - 10.6; 13.2; 16.6; 21.2; 26.6 mm.
For convenience, the required diameter of polypropylene pipes for heating systems is indicated in the table. It contains data on all external and internal dimensions, wall thickness.
A reasonable question. Why on finished products external parameters are applied, if the size of the internal passage of the pipeline is so important for functionality. The thing is that outside diameter indicates the appropriate type of connection.
Typically, the labeling says the following:
- a pipe with an outer diameter of 16 mm is designed to connect one or two heating radiators;
- an external parameter of 20 mm corresponds to the connection of several radiators with a capacity of 1000-2000 watts (maximum connection of 5 heating batteries with a total capacity of 7000 watts is allowed);
- for more radiators with a total power of 11 kW, propylene consumables with an outer section of 25 mm are used;
- polypropylene with an outer dimension of 32 mm is designed for the equipment of a heating system in the whole house or one floor (10-12 kW with a total power of 19 kW);
- products with a diameter of 40 mm are used for laying trunk pipelines in residential buildings of a large area. Usually these are cottages and country houses, in which the number of heating devices reaches 20 pcs. the total power of all connection points is 30 kilowatts.
Influence of the pipe diameter on the performance of the heating system
The rate of supply of the coolant and the amount of transferred thermal energy directly depends on the internal section of polypropylene supplies... To make it more clear, it is enough to rely on tabular data on the correspondence of thermal energy, feed rate and internal and external sections of the pipeline.
Thermal power is indicated in Watt, the amount of heat carrier in kg. per sec. The calculated data are based on the average temperature of the coolant at 80 0 C and the return temperature at 60 0 C. The temperature in the room is 20 0 C.
For example: at a flow rate of 0.4 m / s, the following amount of heat energy will be transferred in the pipeline:
- for a line with an outer size of 20 (inner section 13.2 mm), the amount of heat is 4.1 kW;
- for propylene products with sizes 25 and 16.6, respectively, the amount of heat will be 6.3 kW;
- propylene pipelines with parameters of outer and inner diameters of 32 and 21.2, respectively, the value of thermal energy is 11.5 kW;
- the largest consumables, 40 millimeters, have an internal passage of 26.6 mm. The amount of heat in this case is 17 kW.
An increase in the fluid flow rate up to 0.7 m / s is the reason for an increase in the heating agent supply power by 70-80% at once.
Let's consider an illustrative example:
There is a typical house with a usable area of \u200b\u200b250 m 2. The building is sufficiently insulated and needs heating to create normal living conditions at the rate of 1 kW per 10 sq. m. to create a normal temperature in the house, 25,000 watts of thermal energy (maximum) will be enough.
On a note: the first floor always requires more heat, about 2/3 of the total heat consumed. The first floor is 15 kW, for the second floor 10 kW is required.
To heat the premises in the house, an autonomous two-circuit heating system is installed. Radiators installed in the rooms are connected in parallel. The house has a wiring for two wings with the same heat output. On the ground floor, the power for each wing is 7,500 watts. For the second floor, both wings require 5000 watts.
An autonomous boiler produces 25 kilowatts of thermal energy for heating the house. This means that for laying the heating main, it is necessary to use polypropylene materials with an internal section size of 26.6 (at a feed rate of 0.6 m / s). This value for the internal dimension corresponds to the external section of the pipe of 40 millimeters.
To supply the branches on the ground floor, 1500 watts of heat will be required. Using the data from the table, we get the following:
- at a flow rate of 0.6 m / s, the inner passage of polypropylene consumables of 21.2 mm will be optimal. The outer size of the products has a value of 30 units.
- For each wing, an internal section of products with a value of 16.6 is suitable. This value corresponds to the 25 outer dimension of PP consumables.
Now we will consider the procedure for connecting heating devices. Radiators have an average power of 2 kilowatts. For this purpose, pipes with the smallest outer diameter are usually used.
Important! In practice, this type of installation is recognized as inexpedient and low-tech. It is recommended to use polypropylene products with an internal section of 13.2 mm. These are well-known brands with an outer diameter of 20mm (PN20).
The second floor is equipped with a 32 mm pipeline. For each wing, 25 mm components are used. The picture is the same with radiators. The batteries are connected using PN20 pipes.
Conclusion
Based on this example, the following conclusions can be drawn. For each section of the pipeline in the heating system, you can always choose the components of the required diameter. The work will depend on it heating equipment and the quality of heating a residential building. Thanks to the tables, there is a unique opportunity to choose the right consumables.
Standard values, practical experience and skills allow you to accurately determine the optimal cross-section of the line in each case. It should be remembered that the pipeline in the heating system is created taking into account the maximum technological parameters. However, in most cases, home heating will work in normal mode, in accordance with the features of operation and the specified heating parameters.
Polypropylene is used to produce not only elements for domestic water supply and heating systems, but also for sewerage and ventilation. The scope of application is determined by standard sizes - polypropylene pipes can be with different wall thicknesses, which determines their resistance to elevated temperature and pressure.
Materials for ventilation
Ventilation systems do not need a high level of strength, since the main task is to remove air. A much more important property is light weight. This is especially important when installing the system on decorative partitions or over false ceilings.
If polypropylene pipes are used, the dimensions depend on the type of room. In residential buildings, square, rectangular or oval products with a diameter of 100 - 125 mm are most often used, which are supplied in the form of five-meter lashes. Welding is not used when installing the ventilation system. One piece is inserted into the bell of the other.
Sewerage materials
Products for free-flow sewage are made from PP-N homopolymer or PP-B block copolymer, since these systems do not need resistance to elevated temperature or pressure. For pressure sewerage, products made of random copolymer PP-R are used.
For internal wiring most in demand:
- - polypropylene pipe 40 mm;
- - polypropylene pipes 50 mm;
- - polypropylene pipes 110 mm.
For outdoor wiring, materials with a diameter of 150 mm or more are produced. Their length is five meters. This type of product has a corrugated structure, which makes it more resistant to soil subsidence. Soot is added to the outer layer to increase the UV resistance. Not serially produced sewer pipes with a diameter exceeding 600 mm.
The internal sewerage system is installed using fittings with a rubber seal, as it does not need tightness. The inner surface can be white, gray, brown, yellow or blue. 40 mm polypropylene pipe is used for the installation of the internal sewage system in private houses and apartments, withstands high temperatures, exposure to household chemicals.
Polypropylene pipe 50 mm is used in internal sewage systems of apartments and small houses, It has grey colour, resistant to temperatures up to 95 degrees, is not afraid of exposure to detergents, does not require painting.
Polypropylene pipe 110 mm is also used for internal sewerage wiring in multi-storey residential buildings, industrial and administrative buildings... The elements are connected using a socket and o-ring... These products are resistant to high temperatures and household chemicals.
Materials for plumbing and heating
Polypropylene pipes used for water supply and heating are smaller than 16 - 110 mm. Other qualities are important for these systems:
- - PPH products can be used for cold water. But for hot water and heating, only PPR materials are suitable that can withstand ambient temperatures up to 95 degrees;
- - when purchasing products for water and heating, you must pay attention to the marking indicating what pressure the polypropylene pipe can withstand - materials PN20 or PN25 are needed;
- - the coefficient of linear expansion of polypropylene pipes is also important, which is much lower in the presence of fittings.
It means that:
- - products with PN10 marking are suitable for cold water;
- - for cold and hot water, you can choose PN 20, but in the hot water system these products will not last longer than 25 years;
- - products with PN 25 marking are suitable for hot water and heating, as they have aluminum fittings.
Technical properties glass fiber reinforced polypropylene pipes PN20 
Operating conditions PN20 
Technical properties of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene pipes PN25 Materials for special cases: maximum pipe diameters
A special case is the installation of an external line for transporting cold water. Here you need products with a huge diameter - from 600 mm. In this case, the wall thickness can reach tens of millimeters.
Most often, such materials are made with lashes of 10 meters, stacked using special equipment. In places with heavy traffic, they lie in a box made of reinforced concrete, which protects against damage when the upper part of the soil subsides. Products of large sizes are cooked end-to-end. The connections are strong enough due to the large wall thickness.
Internal dimension of polypropylene pipes
If a system is mounted in which all elements are indicated in inches, there are no difficulties. With a combined pipeline (for example, plastic and metal materials), you need to be able to convert the diameter indicated in millimeters to inches. For this, there is a special table of sizes for polypropylene pipes. It indicates the standard diameters of metal products in inches and corresponding plastic materials.
To calculate the dimensions of polypropylene pipes in inches, you just need to measure the outer diameter of the plumbing fixture. For example, the outer diameter of the dryer is 16 mm, that is, 1/2 ", 25 - 28 mm - 3/4", 32 mm - 1 ".
With the above information, there should be no problems when choosing elements for home communications.
