Moisture gradually destroys even the most durable building. Dampness accumulates in the walls, appears on their surfaces or accumulates under decorative coverings. The impregnating agent reliably fills all pores and microcracks, making concrete invulnerable to moisture.
Material composition and application
The material includes cement mixtures, sand and active chemicals that provide additional moisture resistance. Concrete impregnating waterproofing enters into a chemical reaction with the material to which it is applied. At the same time, it forms stable compounds that are impermeable to any liquid.
Wall waterproofing will prevent wet stains and mildew from appearing on your bathroom or basement walls, thus extending the overall life of your building. The moisture-resistant crystals that this building mixture forms serve as a reliable protection for concrete not only from water, but also from alkali, acids and even oil.
Penetrating to a depth of 12 cm, the impregnating waterproofing of the floor forms a single monolithic structure with it. It does not crumble, crack, exfoliate, just like the concrete itself.
Insulating mixtures of this type can be applied either by hand, by brush, or by injection. This does not change the material consumption.
Features of the effective use of the mixture
One of the means for protecting structures from moisture is impregnating waterproofing; you can buy it in specialized hardware stores. But there are certain restrictions in the use of this material, in particular, impregnating waterproofing of walls and floors is effective only on surfaces of groups I and II of crack resistance, and is also ineffective when applied to an unsuitable base. FBS or concrete with a low grade of waterproofing are not suitable for this type of work. The mixture must not be applied to dry surfaces, gypsum or lime plaster.
When carrying out the impregnating waterproofing of concrete, the walls and floor are first cleaned of dirt, and then thoroughly degreased.
Benefits of using impregnated waterproofing
Kalmatron offers several advantages:
- the material is effective both on external and internal surfaces, regardless of the direction of movement of moisture;
- it is easy to use, which is important when carrying out construction works;
- impregnating waterproofing Kalmatron is applied to a damp surface, so preliminary drying of the room is not required;
- the construction mixture is not toxic, due to which the surfaces treated with it can come into contact with drinking water;
- walls covered with penetrating impregnating waterproofing Kalmatron "breathe", that is, they retain air permeability;
- the material is resistant to high and low temperatures;
- it is not flammable and not explosive;
- kalmatron mixtures are effective in the presence of hydrostatic pressure;
- impregnating waterproofing is universal - it can be used both on facilities under construction and during repair work.
In addition, processed building mixture concrete has anti-corrosion properties. Impregnating waterproofing Kalmatron is durable - its service life is equal to the period of industrial operation concrete structure.
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The main activity that can provide a comfortable living environment is the fight against dampness in the room. The first material used for waterproofing was animal fat. As an alternative to this expensive water-repellent material, over time, cheaper vegetable fats began to be used, tar - a resinous product of dry wood, natural bitumen. Vegetable fats and tar became the ancestors of impregnating waterproofing, natural bitumen formed the basis for the production technology of coating and roll waterproofing close to it.
Types of impregnating waterproofing
Impregnation waterproofing, due to its ease of implementation, still has not lost its popularity. Some materials of this group have remained almost unchanged, for example, drying oil, which is boiled vegetable oil, and tar.
In modern construction, a number of new highly effective impregnations are used: based on oligomeric, acrylic, silicone, epoxy and other synthetic resins.
- Oligomeric waterproofing has been developed as a cheaper alternative to oil impregnation. Such impregnation is made from the products of oil refining and is a material similar in composition and properties to engine oil and diesel fuel. The protective effect of oligomeric waterproofing is based on the non-wettability of carbohydrates. The main difficulty in using such waterproofing is the need to apply it to dry surfaces, which is impossible in already operated damp rooms. In addition, these impregnations contain organic solvents that smell for some time.
Insulating emulsions have been developed for working on damp walls and in order to remove the smell of organic solvent. In such a waterproofing composition, non-wettable organic particles are distributed in small drops in an aqueous solution. When it hits a damp concrete structure, water carries fatty drops deep into the massif. Inside the concrete element, organic particles stick together, making the concrete waterproof. The most common emulsions are acrylics and silicones.
- Acrylic impregnation it is not entirely correct to call it "impregnations". Part of the polymer remains on the surface in the form of a film. More effective are impregnations based on modified acrylic - acryl-styrenes, methacryls, acryl-butadienes and other copolymers. This group includes the compositions "Polirem VD-1624", "Hard", "Elastic", "Folbit 800", "Ceresit ST 17". Close relatives of such impregnations are acrylic and polymer water repellents, which are distinguished by deeper penetration into the concrete and less pronounced film on the surface.
- To the group silicone impregnations naturally include silanes, silicones, siloxanes and other silicon-containing polymers. Despite the difference in the structure of these compositions, they are united by similar properties. Silicones easily copolymerize with silicates - sand, cement, gravel, glass, as well as varnishes, paints and plastic materials... The following silicone impregnations are presented on the market: "Aquasil", "AS-10", "Polirem VD-1915", "Ceresit ST 17". These formulations are recommended for surface application.
The main advantage of silicone impregnations is the ability to form a single whole with the mineral elements of the building, by covering the pores, cracks and capillaries of concrete with a continuous film from the inside.
Penetrating waterproofing: types and main characteristics
A new type of protection of concrete structures from moisture is waterproofing for penetrating concrete. The impregnation can be a colorless liquid, paste or powder, diluted with water, but their principle of operation is similar. Water-soluble waterproofing elements penetrate into concrete to a depth of 100-300 mm, enter into a chemical reaction with lime, which is always present inside the concrete, and other substances. The products formed as a result of this interaction have a low solubility in water, and therefore begin to rapidly crystallize out of solution. In this case, crystals of a special type are formed - beams or brushes of needles, directed by the tips into the pores. The force of surface tension prevents liquid from spreading, seeping between the needles and wetting them.
Crystals occupying a small part of the pore make it impervious to moisture penetration, but do not impede vapor movement at all. Such selectivity of the action of waterproofing leads to rapid drying of the concrete structure and the formation of resistance to subsequent wetting.
Representatives of penetrating waterproofing: Viatron, Hydrosit BS, Hydrotex, Carat-P, Osmosil, Penetron, Slurry, Ceresit CR 90. Some of these materials combine the characteristics of impregnating and penetrating waterproofing.
The combination of Penetron and Penecrit materials is used to prevent water filtration through cracks, crevices, joints, mates and abutments. These waterproofing compounds include: cement, quartz sand with a certain grain size, reactive additives.
In this video, you can see how to apply waterproofing for Penetron concrete with your own hands, and understand the principle of its action (and the action of similar additives):
Properties of the coating waterproofing
At first glance, impregnation and coating waterproofing are similar: they are applied to the surface of the concrete element and penetrate into the body of the material. Their difference lies in the mechanism of their action. The role of impregnating waterproofing is to hydrophobize the surface of pores, cracks and capillaries. That is, the impregnation works in the volume of the concrete element.
On the other hand, the mortar works on the surface, penetrating into the material just enough to ensure reliable adhesion to concrete. A great responsibility is assigned to this thin layer, so the requirements for it are very strict. These requirements are increased if the waterproofing layer is applied from the side opposing the water pressure. In this case, the water does not press the waterproofing against the wall, but, on the contrary, tears it off. Therefore, waterproofing should have the following characteristics:
- high adhesion to the protected layer;
- waterproof and water resistant;
- crack resistance and elasticity.
Many requirements, sometimes contradictory, imposed on insulating materials of this group, have led to the emergence of many specific types, differing in the degree of modification, phase composition and type of binder.
The difference between the coating waterproofing binder
By the type of binder, coating waterproofing is divided into mineral and organic.
- Cement-based waterproofing compounds are produced and delivered to the consumer in dry form in bags or plastic buckets. Dry mixtures are brought into working condition at the construction site by mixing them with water to a paste state. Work must be carried out immediately after preparation of the mixture, until it hardens. Mineral binder-based waterproofing coatings include Polirem SGi-605, Stromix - protection from moisture, Ceresit CR-65, Elastoliqvid, Seal Coat. To enhance the waterproofing properties, a polymer latex dispersion is used. In this case, the waterproofing is called two-component. It comes on sale in a set of two units: dry powder in a bag or bucket and dispersion - in a bucket or canister. The expected effect is achieved only when both components are combined.
To eliminate emergencies, special compositions are used, the main feature of which is quick setting in contact with water, and, during the hardening process, the composition expands. Such compositions are called filling, their family includes: "Gidroteks B", "Lakhta - a water plug", "Polirem SG-631", "Ceresit CX 5", "Carat-Fix".
- In a group coating waterproofing on organic binder, bitumen-based mastics have been and remain the leader. To improve elasticity and increase adhesion to the base, synthetic rubbers and latexes are added to the bitumen, which makes it possible to obtain modified mastics. These include "Ceresit CL 51" and "Ceresit CL 50", which are based on synthetic resins. Waterproofing "Asoflex-P2M-Boden" and "Hyper-Desmo" are made on the basis of polyurethane, "Hermo-Butyl-2M-U" - on butyl rubber.
Roll waterproofing materials
Rolled waterproofing is a bitumen-polymer binder applied to a fiberglass or nonwoven polyester base. The upper surface of the waterproofing material is covered with a protective mineral dressing, polymer film or sand, the lower surface - with a polymer film.
Fiberglass bases have low elasticity and the ability to absorb significant tensile forces at small deformations. Polyester is a more elastic material and can be extended by almost 40% without tearing. Therefore, roll-up waterproofing based on polyester is used in structures where severe deformations are possible.
Before applying the waterproofing layer, the base must be carefully prepared, and primed before directly laying the material. The number of layers of roll waterproofing depends on the strength and type of impact of the water load.
There are Russian-made waterproofing materials on the market - "Steklobit", "Technoplast" and imported products - high and low pressure polyethylene geomembranes from NAUE, self-adhesive waterproofing Ceresit BT 21, BT 12, BT 85, BT 85 R, BT 85 SR.
Concrete waterproofing additives
Besides water-repellent materialsapplied to the surface building structures, for a number of special additives in concrete for waterproofing. Such compositions, introduced into the concrete mixture during its production, increase the water resistance of the concrete. Additives of this group improve not only waterproofing, but also other properties of the material. Waterproofing additives for concrete are made from polymers that have the ability to grow in the concrete mixture, closing cracks and hydrotunnels formed during the hardening of the material.
The technologies for using additives are determined by their type. Many dry mixes for waterproofing are used in combination with other modifiers, such as frost-resistant additives and plasticizers.
The ratio of dry composition to water is indicated in the instructions supplied by the additive manufacturers.
The introduction of waterproofing additives into the concrete mixture during its preparation allows avoiding unnecessary costs for work on the protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from the damaging effects of moisture.
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Residents of newly built houses often suffer from high humidity. It has a bad effect not only on the state of structural elements, finishing materials, but also on the indoor microclimate. Gradually, the entire structure may become unusable or require expensive repairs. One of the methods of protection against the destructive effects of moisture is high-quality waterproofing of concrete at the stage of construction work. This is also important because the use of a number of finishing materials is possible only under normal humidity conditions.
These are traditional materials and are made from polymers. Before applying a waterproofing layer of coating materials, it is required to level the surface of the base. As a result of the performance of work, each of the materials of this type forms a strong and dense film with water-repellent properties on the floor surface.
However, these materials have a drawback: over time, during operation, they gradually peel off. As a result, new leaks are formed that require repair.
Roll waterproofing using bituminous materials such as roofing felt is relatively cheap, but also has disadvantages. Waterproofing a concrete floor using this method requires the use of a gas or gasoline burner to heat up and bond the layers together. This creates a certain inconvenience, especially in a small room. In addition, smoke and unpleasant odors are emitted during the heating process.
Roofing material is traditionally used to create a waterproofing layer
After laying the roofing material, an additional screed is required, and this reduces the height of the ceilings, creates an additional load on the foundation.
Penetrating waterproofing compounds
To avoid the above problems, you can use another method - penetrating insulation. It is based on the use of a mixture of quartz sand, chemically active additives and cement. As a result of applying such a mixture to the concrete surface of the floor, all small pores, microcracks and voids are filled. A solid monolithic surface is formed with high strength characteristics. If this method is used in rooms with special humidity, you should additionally use water-repellent mastics or sealants.
Penetrating insulation is divided into the following subgroups:
This is important to know: when choosing a method for waterproofing works should be guided, first of all, by the safety of the material used, the economy of its use, ease of use, and not only by quality and price.
Method of seamless waterproofing of concrete surfaces
This method is also called "liquid film". The materials used are suitable for all surfaces, for example in the bathroom, as well as areas with high humidity in the toilet and kitchen. The special agent can be applied to the surface to be treated with a spatula, brush or roller. First of all, the composition covers the joints between the floor slabs and the walls, after which a waterproofing tape is laid on the floor surface (in these places), which is evenly (manually or using a roller) pressed into the substance.
After that, waterproofing cuffs should be installed in the drainage areas and the agent should be reapplied to the floor: it is important that the layer is uniform and without gaps. Processing should be carried out with an approach to the wall up to 35 cm. After drying in a natural way for 2 hours, the floor is re-processed and then dried for at least 12 hours. If everything is done correctly, in compliance with all technology, there will be no problems with dampness, fungus and other troubles.
The insulating tape is pressed into the waterproofing agent using a roller
However, the implementation of this work requires some experience, otherwise the building material will be wasted in vain, and the desired effect will not be achieved. To avoid such troubles, you should invite qualified specialists.
- high water-repellent properties
- high penetrating power
- prevents dirt retention
- prevents the formation of efflorescence
- frost resistance and crack resistance
- high moisture resistance and vapor permeability
Aquasol is a hydrophobic silicone liquid, water-repellent impregnation for the protection of stone, concrete and brick.
Aquasol- hydrophobizing impregnation (moisture insulator) to impart water-repellent properties to various mineral surfaces.
It is a solution of modified polysiloxane resin in organic solvents with functional additives.
Silicone water repellent Aquasol used for self-protection against moisture and harmful atmospheric effects of any building materials based on cement: concrete and plaster, ceramic and silicate bricks, composite facade tiles (stylized as brick and stone), aerated concrete and gas silicate blocks, natural and artificial stone (except for plaster products).
Or as a waterproofing hardening impregnation for paints and enamels on organic solvents.
Hydrophobic impregnation Aquasol possesses high penetrating power, significantly increases strength, moisture resistance, frost resistance, corrosion resistance and crack resistance of building structures. Increases the general thermal insulation properties of the structure, prevents surface contamination, does not change the appearance of the protected material and its vapor permeability.
Name | Price for 1kg | Price per container | ||
Aquasol 20L | 223 rub / 1l | 4 460 rub / canister | ||
Aquasol- concrete water repellent (canister), 10L | 233 rub / 1l | 2 330 rub / canister | ||
Aquasol- concrete water repellent (canister), 5L | 247 rub / 1l | 1 235 rub / canister |
Consumption calculator
Video
Application
The penetration of moisture into the material, in the form of rain or snow, gradually leads to its destruction. Use of water-repellent impregnation Aquasol(hydrophobization of concrete), significantly reduces the moisture absorption of the material, which can significantly extend the life of the structure and prevent the formation of efflorescence.
Surface treatment with water repellent Aquasol is a necessary measure for a wide variety of construction industries and objects of various sizes: brick and concrete facades of buildings, plinths, fences, poles, balconies, canopies, concrete floors, parapets, ebb, slopes, paving slabs, tiled and slate roofs.
Coating based on water repellent impregnation Aquasol retains its protective and decorative properties, subject to the application technology, for 10 years.
Mode of application
Impregnation is ready for use, stir before application. The substrate must be dry, free from dirt, dust, grease, oils, remnants of old coatings.
Application temperature: from +5 to + 30 ° С.
Drying time at + 20 ° С is 8 ocloc'k.
Consumption
Consumption of hydrophobic impregnation Aquasol - 150-250g / sq.m. depending on the type of surface.
Storage
Store in a tightly closed container, protected from heat and direct sunlight, at a temperature from 0 to + 30 ° C. The guaranteed shelf life in the original packaging is 6 months from the date of manufacture.
Price
The cost of water-repellent impregnation - 223 rubles / 1kg (20l), 233 rubles / 1kg (10l) and 247 rubles / 1kg (5l)
Container
Container 5L, 10L, 20L. Attention! The label is equipped with security elements against counterfeiting.
Technical documentation
State registration certificateCertificate of state registration (attachment)
Expert opinion, page 1
Expert opinion, page 2
Waterproofing concrete is a fairly simple technological process, during which the hydrophobicity of a cast or block structure increases. In addition, waterproofing affects the frost resistance of concrete and the duration of the "life" of objects constructed from this building material.
Therefore, in this article we will consider typical methods for arranging waterproofing of concrete structures, offering our readers, as a bonus, an overview of insulators, with an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages.
Classification waterproofing materials most often they are built on the basis of the technology of applying an insulator to the protected surface.
And according to this principle, the range of such products is divided into the following types of insulation materials:
- Penetrating substances that work at the capillary level, plugging even microscopic cracks.
- Additives to a cement-sand mixture that increase the hydrophobicity of a cast structure or concrete block.
- Liquid formulations with which to paint the protected surface. Moreover, after "painting" the liquid hardens, forming a solid film impermeable to moisture.
- Viscous compounds applied to the surface of concrete in a heated form using a spatula. After cooling, the viscous composition partially hardens, and an elastic film appears on the surface, up to 2-3 millimeters thick.
- Roll and tile coverings glued to concrete (or otherwise fixed).
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Advantages and disadvantages of waterproofers
Due to their physical and chemical properties, all of the above materials for waterproofing concrete have a unique list of advantages and disadvantages.
Penetrating compounds
Thus, penetrating materials are renowned for their effectiveness. They protect concrete from soil moisture, atmospheric precipitation, and pressure breakthroughs. And in any case, the penetrating waterproofing for concrete "works" at the capillary level - active substances dissolved in water, applied to concrete by painting, penetrate into microscopic pores and grow in them, fed by moisture and chemical substances contained in concrete.
As a result, all capillaries and microscopic cracks are filled with strong crystals that grow 10-20 centimeters deep into the material! And such protection does not suffer from accidental mechanical damage: after all, it is located inside a concrete wall, which is very difficult to destroy. At the same time, penetrating insulators also increase the frost resistance of concrete, guaranteeing the longevity of the entire structure.
The only drawback of penetrating compounds is the slowed-down process of forming a protective environment. Crystals grow very slowly in concrete.
Waterproofing additives
Additives and additives to concrete for waterproofing cast or block structures function on the same principle. Only this time, it is not the 10-20 cm layer at the surface that is protected, but the entire concrete casting or reinforced concrete products. However, waterproofing additives force the selection of concrete formulations more responsibly.
However, neither penetrating insulation nor additives provide 100% protection. Both options are just "rough" tools that would be nice to apply before the main protection.
Liquid waterproofing
Liquid formulations are famous for their high efficiency and ease of application technology. After all liquid waterproofing concrete is applied to the protected surface with a regular brush. Moreover, such a "frivolous" approach to the application process does not affect the effectiveness of the insulating composition.
The range of liquid insulators can be divided into solvent-based formulations and aqueous emulsions. The first option involves the introduction of a hydrophobic base into an organic solvent. After application to the surface, the solvent evaporates and the hydrophobic base remains.
The second option - aqueous emulsions of hydrophobic materials - works on the same principle. Moreover, the water emulsion is not subject to shrinkage during drying, hardens faster and practically does not smell. Therefore, most buyers purchase liquid emulsions.
Concrete waterproofing coating
Viscous mastics and multicomponent polymers with a complex composition are applied to the protected surfaces, both in the "cold" and in the "hot" state. Moreover, in cold application it is very similar to painting, and hot application to plastering the protected surface.
However, in both cases, a multilayer coating is formed from the coating compositions, into the structure of which glass fiber reinforcing meshes are introduced. Therefore, in contrast to the results of the use of liquid insulators, the coating compositions guarantee the formation of a truly durable barrier with a high degree of elasticity.
Such an insulator is not afraid of blows or chips. After all, the thickness of the insulating layer can be up to 40 millimeters.
However, such dimensions are typical only for horizontal or inclined planes. On the vertical, only a 20 mm layer can be formed from the coating waterproofing.
The gluing materials, supplied in rolls and slabs, allow the formation of a waterproofing layer of any thickness. Moreover, in addition to hydrophobic properties, an insulating board can also be endowed with heat resistance. The result is a multifunctional coating that improves performance. concrete walls and floors.
But such a product costs much more than conventional waterproofing. Therefore, in the format of glued materials, in most cases, the consumer is offered either polymer membranes with one-sided permeability, or roofing material. These materials increase the hydrophobicity of concrete for a period of 5-6 to 50 years.
Of course, the most effective materials cost more and are more difficult to mount on the wall. Therefore, pasting insulation is carried out either by amateurs interested in forming a temporary barrier, or by professionals who are able to offer reliable protectionwhich can “survive” the protected surface itself.
Waterproofing technologies
Modern technologies of waterproofing can increase the hydrophobicity of concrete in several ways at once.
But most often, the following technologies are used for arranging waterproofing:
- Impregnation of concrete with penetrating compounds.
- Painting concrete with liquid insulators.
- Application of mortars to concrete.
Penetrating waterproofing of concrete - Penetron and its analogues
The composition of Penetron assumes the following scheme for arranging a waterproofing coating:
Moreover, this sequence of actions is practiced when handling all impregnating compounds.
Waterproofing of concrete with liquid glass
Liquid glass can be used both as a penetrating waterproofing and as an additive in sand-cement mixture, and as a basis for "rough" concrete insulation, carried out before pasting with polymer films.
The process of applying penetrating insulation has been described above in the text. The introduction of "glass" into cement is a very simple operation, which consists in mixing the substance into the finished solution.
A "rough" insulation with liquid glass is done as follows:
Bituminous concrete waterproofing
Mastics and other bitumen-based coating compounds are applied hot or cold to concrete. Moreover, liquid emulsions are applied cold, and softened bitumen is applied hot.
The process of waterproofing concrete with bituminous mastics itself is as follows:
- Hot mastics are applied to a dry wall, and emulsions are applied to a damp surface. Therefore, depending on the temperature of the insulating composition, the protected surface is cleaned of dust and dried (for hot mastics) or moistened (for emulsions).
- After surface preparation, it is primed with a highly diluted water or kerosene emulsion - a primer. The purpose of this operation is to increase surface adhesion.
- After priming, the mastic itself is applied to the surface, spreading it with a brush or spray. Moreover, first the first layer is applied, on top of which the reinforcing mesh is glued. And after 5-6 hours, the second layer is applied to the "seized" surface of the first layer, and so on, until the dimensions of the insulating coating reach the desired thickness.
A similar technology also works when arranging a horizontal insulating layer, when the mastic can simply be poured onto the protected surface and leveled with a needle roller, and when forming a vertical waterproofing layer, when the mastic is applied to the wall with a spatula, spray or brush.
