How to insulate interfloor floors. We insulate an attic with wooden beams in a private house

Energy-saving technologies are being introduced everywhere today. Private construction was no exception. In a country house or summer cottage, heat goes away in all directions: through the roof, walls, floor, windows and doors. And there is enough information on the insulation of the named elements of the house.

And what about those who have a basement under the first (1) floor, two-storey house or a house with an attic? Who is looking for an answer to the question of how and how to insulate the interfloor ceiling? After all, many believe that external insulation will be enough.

This is true, but only if the roof is well insulated. And the attic or attic is used constantly. Otherwise, the floors need to be insulated. Because, reliable insulation of the roof slopes will prevent heat from escaping outside, but not into the unheated upper room. The floor also needs to be insulated, because cold rises from the basement.

Before you start insulating the floors of a house, you need to find out what type of floor we are dealing with: floor beams or a monolithic slab. And also what is used as a floor material: concrete, metal or wood. The choice of material, and its thickness, and the method of insulation (along the ceiling or along the floor) will depend on this.

The overlap of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab is always insulated.

Floor slab insulation technology

• the plate is leveled. For this, a cement-sand mortar is used. If there are deep cracks in the slab, make funnels or V-grooves out of them. So the solution will fill the voids more completely. Then apply the mixture and smooth. It's easier to do this on the floor.

• a vapor barrier film is laid. The front of the film is directed towards a warmer room. The film must be overlapped. If the temperature of the rooms is the same, the film can be omitted.

• fits thermal insulation material... This is where the catch lies. Insulation should be chosen such that it can withstand point and constant loads while maintaining its original geometry. Therefore, in this case, it is possible to insulate the floor with expanded clay, sawdust, expanded polystyrene or basalt wool high density. Alternatively, you can install wooden logs, and lay insulation between them. On the lags, the rough floor is stuffed.

Tip: Fireproof insulation should be used near chimneys and other heating elements.

• spread a waterproofing film over the insulation. Also overlap.

• lay the sub-floor. A concrete screed or plywood flooring is suitable as such.

• finishing flooring.

Ceiling slab insulation technology

Sequence of work:

1. leveling the slab;
2. vapor barrier;
3. insulation - polystyrene or expanded polystyrene. In this case, there are no restrictions on the rigidity of the material, but soft or loose for insulation of the ceiling on the slab is simply not suitable;
4. mesh (reinforcing, polymer or fiberglass) + putty;
5. drywall or wooden lining.

It should be noted that due to the complexity of the work, this method of insulation is very rarely used.

The most popular material for arranging a floor in a house is wood.

Wooden beams are great because they are easier to install and affordable. And, importantly, they let in much less heat than concrete.

Therefore, let us dwell in more detail on how to insulate floors on wooden beams.

Ceiling beams insulation technology

Sequence of work:

• prepare the beams. That is, inspect for fungus, bark beetle and other troubles. If there are problems, you need to fix them. If the house is old, then before you carry out the insulation of the wooden floor between the floors it is necessary.

• attach waterproofing film or super diffusion membrane. The foil is attached to a warmer wall with markings. The advantage of the membrane is that it is both a hydro-barrier and a vapor barrier at the same time. Without letting water through, it is able to let steam through.

The beams should also be wrapped in foil. In this case, the edges of the beams must be left free by 10-15 mm. Thus, the natural drying of the wood will be preserved.

Tip: The film can only be laid between the beams, and the beams themselves can be treated with a primer or other solution.

• fix the insulation. The ceiling is most often insulated with foam plastic, due to the rigidity of the material, or mineral wool.

• after the installation of the insulation, the ceiling is finished.

Insulation of interfloor floors with foam

It is performed in the following sequence:

• the insulation is cut to size minus 1 cm (for further fixation). You can cut it to size, but then you need to fix the sheet with umbrella dowels, glue or special glue foam;

• the insulation is fixed with pegs. For this, a wooden peg is hammered between the beam and the foam;

• the joints and joints with the floor beam are blown out with polyurethane foam;

• after drying, excess foam is cut off;

• a polymer film is attached. In the event that a ceiling putty is planned.

The process of installing foam on the ceiling is shown in the photo

Thermal insulation of interfloor floors with mineral wool

The second method of insulation is the insulation of interfloor wooden floors using mineral wool. The work is carried out in the following sequence:

• the distance between the beams is measured;

• insulation is cut to size.

• cotton wool is placed in the space between the beams. Moreover, if the beam is higher in height than the height of the insulation. You need to lay cotton wool in two layers.

• the insulation is fixed to the ceiling with a wire.

• the membrane layer is laid.

• it is better to finish such a ceiling with plasterboard, suspended ceiling or wooden clapboard.

The process of installing mineral wool on the ceiling is shown in the photo

Wood floor insulation technology

Insulate the floor in wooden house, on wooden beams or on reinforced concrete monolithic slab, on the floor is much easier. Mainly due to the fact that all work is carried out on the floor.

Floor insulation is performed using:

• polystyrene, expanded polystyrene

• mineral wool

• expanded clay, etc.

Sequence of work:

1. the floor is leveled;
2. a vapor barrier film is spreading. Be sure to overlap;
3. insulation is laid. For loose and rigid insulation, the film is not needed;
4. the hydro-barrier is laid;
5. a concrete screed is arranged or a rough floor is laid from plywood, OSB or natural boards.

Those who value the environmental friendliness of heat-insulating material can be advised to insulate the floor with sawdust or straw. At the same time, another insulation should be used near structural elements that may heat up.

Thermal insulation of floor slabs - sawdust and straw

The widespread introduction of energy-saving technologies also affected private construction. In a country house or in a country house, heat can escape through walls, windows, doors, floors, and roofs. With constant use of the attic or attic, insulation is imperative interfloor overlap.

As a rule, interfloor ceilings made of wood are warm in themselves, since wood serves as a good thermal insulator, however, any insulation depends on both the structure and the thickness of the material, which is why sometimes additional insulation work is necessary.

Even during the construction of the building, all floors are necessarily insulated. This will help to further reduce the cost of heating during the operation of the building, which will please with comfortable living conditions. Beams are also properly insulated - for this, the sequence of work is observed and the appropriate material is selected.

Choosing a material

For insulation of interfloor floors on wooden beams, it is advisable to use extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, foamed polyethylene foam, mineral wool and bulk materials.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This type of material, also called styrex, penoplex, technonikol and technoplex, is used for different types thermal insulation and perfectly insulates wooden floors. It is considered the best thermal insulation material that you can install with your own hands. Its advantage is that the high density of the panels allows plastering or puttying directly on them. It is environmentally friendly.

It is made in the form of plates, to which a cement-bonded layer is additionally glued. The material retains its properties even in the event of periodic freezing and thawing.

The material is appreciated for:

• light weight;
• zero water absorption;
• low thermal conductivity;
• high mechanical strength.

Another effective material used for insulating floors in a wooden house is polystyrene foam. In structure, appearance and function, it is similar to extruded polystyrene foam, although it has a lower density. Available in sheets with a thickness of twenty millimeters. The foam can be easily cut with a knife.

This material is distinguished by:

• low cost;
• low thermal conductivity;
• ease of installation work;
• antimicrobial properties;
• resistance to temperature fluctuations;
• waterproofness.

It does not burn, so it is often used in the construction of private houses with stove heating. The choice of slab thickness depends on the design features of the building and the climatic zone.

Foil polyethylene foam

Foamed polyethylene foam is a gas-filled polyethylene, in which one side is covered with aluminum foil. The material is produced in rolls. It has a small thickness, but this does not prevent it from effectively insulating wooden interfloor floors, largely due to the properties of foil. When hitting such a heater, heat fluxes do not lose their energy, but, being reflected, return back to the room.

Mineral wool

Under the general concept of mineral wool, there are several types of materials at once - glass wool, slag wool and stone wool, obtained from glass, blast furnace slag and basalt. Insulation is produced in rolls, and its use in a wooden house for insulating interfloor floors is convenient and practical. You can choose the foil option, which will create an additional effect of thermal insulation.

Vata is different:

• environmental friendliness;
• hygiene;
• low thermal conductivity;
• high level of fire safety;
• good noise absorption;
• resistant to bacteria, fungi and insects.

When working with cotton wool, you must take into account its sensitivity to moisture. The insulation is placed on a vapor barrier material. If you do not follow the technology, it will reduce the heat-insulating properties of mineral wool.

Important! When installing mineral wool, carcinogenic dust appears, so it is imperative to cover the body with clothes as much as possible and use gloves, glasses and a respirator.

Bulk material

Among the bulk insulation, the most common is expanded clay. They receive it in special ovens, acting high temperature on natural shale clay. The clay, due to continuous rotation, foams and takes on a hard, hardened surface.

Thanks to this, expanded clay receives the following properties:

• light weight;
• high sound insulation;
• fire safety;
• high thermal insulation;
• environmental safety;
• resistance to decomposition and decay.

When using expanded clay between floors, some features must be taken into account. Since the material contains a large amount of crumbs and dust, it is poured onto the substrate. The thickness of the layer is about ten to twenty centimeters. To prevent expanded clay from getting wet and not drying for a long time, a waterproofing layer should be created.

Expanded clay is sold in the form of sand, crushed stone and gravel, but only gravel is used between the beams.

Instead of expanded clay, sawdust can be used. They are chosen because they are natural, lightweight, affordable and free of toxic impurities. However, the material is highly flammable, so it is not often used.

Works on insulation of floors

For arranging a multi-storey floor in a house, the most popular material is wood. Beams made of wood are affordable, allow less heat to pass through than concrete, and are easy to install. The work on the thermal insulation of the floor is carried out in a certain sequence.

First, do everything preparatory work... During preparation, the elements are carefully examined and checked for a bark beetle, fungus and other problems. If there are gaps or black marks, then the affected area is treated with a special agent. In older houses, beams may need to be reinforced before the timber floor is insulated.

Then perform waterproofing works... It is better to use a super diffusion membrane rather than a waterproofing membrane. Such a membrane will retain water, but let steam through. Waterproofing material cover the entire protected surface. Particular attention is paid to beams that wrap waterproofing film... In order for the wood to dry naturally, it is necessary to leave ten millimeters free from each edge. It is recommended to prime the beams with a primer or any other suitable mortar.

After that, the selected insulation is fixed. At the end of the installation of the insulation, the ceiling is finished.

Insulation with foam

When using foam plastic for warming interfloor floors, work is performed in the following sequence:

• the insulation is cut to size, reducing it by one centimeter to fix it. You can also cut it exactly to size, and then fix the sheet with special glue foam, glue or umbrella dowels;
• with the help of wooden pegs, which are hammered between the foam and the beam, the insulation is fixed;
• places where ceilings and beams are joined and joined are blown out with polyurethane foam;
• when the polyurethane foam dries up, the excess is cut off;
• after that, if the ceiling is putty, a polymer film is attached.

Thermal insulation with mineral wool

When using mineral wool for insulating a wooden interfloor floor, the work is performed in the following sequence:

• the distance between the beams is measured;
• insulation is cut in accordance with the dimensions;
• cotton wool is placed in the space between the beams. In cases where the height of the beam is greater than the height of the insulation, the cotton wool is laid in two layers;
• with the help of a wire, the insulation is fixed to the ceiling;
• then a layer of membrane is laid.

For the final finishing of the resulting ceiling, it is recommended to use suspended ceilings, wooden lining or drywall.

Floor insulation

It is much easier to carry out the process of warming wooden beams on the floor. In this case, it is advisable to use polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, mineral wool, bulk materials as a heat-insulating material.

The sequence of work will be as follows:

• the floor is leveled;
• a vapor barrier film is overlapped (if a rigid or loose insulation is used, then the film is not needed);
• insulation is laid;
• the hydro-barrier is laid;
• after that, a sub-floor is laid from OSB, plywood, natural boards or a concrete screed is made.

Insulation of various types of floors

The sequence of work is influenced by the type of material of the ceiling, the type of insulation and the place where the insulation works.

If these are concrete floors, then it is better to perform their thermal insulation using rigid materials, fixing them with special dowels or glue. If used soft materials, then a galvanized profile is mounted or wooden slats are stuffed.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling is performed from the attic and from the living quarters. If the work is carried out from the side of the attic, then it is possible to use any heat-insulating materials, even bulk ones. In the case of side insulation living rooms use cotton wool or slabs.

When insulating the attic floor, any thermal insulation materials are used. If the attic space is planned to be exploited, then a rough floor must be made. The condition of the gables and rafters should be checked, and the roof should be insulated.

General characteristics of thermal insulation materials

Eco-materials for thermal insulation of wooden interfloor floors are constantly being improved and the latest scientific achievements are involved in their development. When choosing a material, you should focus on its specifications... It is necessary that it meet the following parameters:

• light weight;
• low thermal conductivity;
• toxic safety;
• moisture-repellent qualities;
• vapor permeability and air permeability;
• sufficient fire resistance and fire resistance;
• moderate density;
• sorption moisture;
• compressive strength and crease;
• resistance to damage by putrefactive bacteria and fungus;
• resistance to overheating;
• frost resistance.

The heat saving efficiency of the material is up to 35 percent. With ineffective interfloor insulation, payment for heating can turn into high costs. With high-quality insulation, the temperature drop will be less felt, the conditions for the appearance of condensation will not arise and the room will receive additional protection from fungus and mold.

In aggregate, most of the indicators correspond to expanded polystyrene, penoizol, glass wool, mineral wool, polyurethane foam. Each material has its own advantages and differs in some parameters. Polyfoam and its various derivatives are good for thermal insulation, but if they get tanned, they will begin to release toxic substances. Extruded polystyrene foam and natural bulk materials are also great, but will become unusable if mice appear in the attic. With a weak foundation, especially on floating ground, it is better not to use expanded clay, since it makes the overall structure heavier.

Parameters of high-quality insulation of interfloor floors

With high-quality thermal insulation, the temperature amplitude at different times of the year will differ significantly from external fluctuations, and correspond to the optimal microclimate inside the house.

Minimum humidity in enclosed spaces and minimum amount of condensation indicate compliance with thermal insulation technologies. But even in this case, the room still needs to be ventilated.

The thermal insulation of the ceilings along the beams protects the premises in the event of very low temperatures in winter, as well as protects against the choking summer heat. Thanks to this, you can save on air conditioning.

When correct waterproofing and vapor barrier, the operating time of roofing structures increases, corrosion affects metal parts less, and fungus and mold do not appear on wooden beams.

Thanks to the correct arrangement of attic windows and ventilation openings in the attic, humidity is reduced and strong drafts do not occur. In addition, by providing the attic with high-quality thermal insulation from the outside, a minimum amount of ice and icicles will form on the roof.

In modern construction of country and private houses, it is imperative to insulate the structure of the roof, attic or attic, since up to a quarter of the heat goes through the roof during the heating season. By performing high-quality insulation on the beams, you can significantly save heat during the operation of the house in winter. During installation attic space and the roofs must be insulated with wooden beams. To do this, they use various insulation materials, each with its own pros and cons, which is chosen, focusing on the price and technical characteristics of the room.

Well-designed thermal insulation of a wooden floor can significantly reduce heat loss and, ultimately, significantly save on heating bills. Wood is an excellent material, very well suited for furnishing floors in residential premises. But over time, its structure changes, the material begins to gradually deform, which leads to the appearance of cracks through which up to 30% or more of the heat can leave the house.

The technology of insulating a wooden floor is extremely simple, it can be mastered even without such skills. You just need to understand the main stages of thermal insulation and additional features of working with the most popular heaters.

Highlights of insulation technology

The order of thermal insulation of a wooden floor practically does not change for different materials... However, before starting work, it is necessary to determine the conditions in which the floor will be used in the future. They should be understood as the expected load on the surface, the main purpose of the room, temperature and humidity indicators.

Be sure to determine the possible height of the "pie" of the floor in general and the thickness of the insulation in particular.

Insulation work is carried out in the following order:

• first, wooden logs are mounted;
• from below, boards or wood shields are attached to them;
• a selected heat insulator is arranged between the lags. It is recommended to lay the material as tightly as possible. It is customary to use a sealant to seal the gaps. You can also use foam;
• a vapor barrier is laid on the laid insulation. Plastic wrap is usually used. The material must be fixed on the logs, and any kind of gaps, various joints, etc. glue with metallized adhesive tape;
• at the end, it is necessary to lay the boardwalk and finish the finish.

In the process of preparing for work, you should determine the optimal thickness of the heat insulator. Usually it fluctuates between 5-15 cm and depends mainly on the climate in the region where the building is located and the type of insulation chosen. This parameter is determined on an individual basis and is one of the most important.

The procedure for self-insulation by logs

An extremely simple, but very effective and popular method of insulation in private construction is a technology that involves laying insulation plates on logs. This method is especially good for floors that are located at a short distance from the ground (ground floors and basements).

Having mastered the procedure for installing logs, you will be able to perform insulation using almost all existing insulation materials used for thermal insulation of wooden floors.

First you need to prepare or buy ready-made logs of a special T-shaped shape... They are installed on the foundation or fixed by cutting into wooden blockhouse... Elements should be placed at a distance of 60-95 cm from each other.

After installing the lags, proceed to fixing boards or boards made of wood. Thermal insulation will be installed directly on them in the future.

These elements can be fixed using special cranial bars or hemmed from below. Heat-insulating material is placed on the flooring. After fit a layer of hydro and vapor barrier.

Depending on the selected insulation, a heat and moisture protection device may not be necessary. For example, mineral wool needs such protection.

The vapor barrier material should be laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm, bending the edges onto the wall by about 10 cm. Vapor barrier can be done using ordinary polyethylene or you can buy special materials for this, it all depends solely on the budget and the wishes of the developer. Floorboards are mounted last. and the planned finishing.

There is also such a method in accordance with which wooden logs are placed on brick posts. A wood gasket is fixed between the touching elements. The space between adjacent lags is densely filled with the selected insulation. It is most convenient to use the material in the slab format.

What materials are suitable for floor insulation?

A wide variety of materials can be used for high-quality insulation of a wooden floor. The most popular and most commonly used thermal insulation materials.

1. Sawdust.

2. Minvata and its varieties.

3. Penofol.

4. Styrofoam.

When choosing a specific material, it is necessary to take into account not only the personal preferences of the owner and the thickness of his wallet, but also a number of other significant factors, ignoring which will not allow obtaining high-quality thermal insulation.

Features of thermal insulation of the subfloor

Special attention should be paid to the insulation of an element such as a sub-floor. Thermal insulation is carried out along the logs. First, wooden blocks are attached to their sides. Next, using self-tapping screws or ordinary nails, the boards are fixed. The master needs to cut the boards in advance to a size corresponding to the distance between the fixed lags. After installing all the boards and obtaining a complete surface, a vapor barrier material is laid and fixed. Usually they use plastic wrap, glassine is also well suited.

Further, insulating material is placed in the space between the lags. You need to put it without gaps, as tightly as possible. After filling the entire planned space with insulation, a second layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of it and the work is considered completed.

A vapor barrier may not be used in all situations. Some heaters feel great without it. All these points are specified individually and depend on the properties of a particular insulation.

Self-warming guide using sawdust

Sawdust is the most affordable and simplest type of thermal insulation for a wooden floor. Their main advantage is their relatively low price, ease of installation, environmental friendliness and absolute safety for human health.

Can be insulated with sawdust and in a clean state. But sometimes various special materials based on sawdust are used for thermal insulation.

The most commonly used "clean" sawdust. The insulation itself is extremely simple. First, the logs are fixed, as described earlier, and then the space between them is filled with insulation. The material is very convenient, it can fill even the most difficult to reach places. The thickness of the layer should be selected taking into account the characteristics of the climate of a particular region.

The use of mineral wool as insulation

Minvata is the most common thermal insulation material. Available in many varieties. Does not support combustion, withstands biological and chemical influences, has good heat and noise insulation characteristics. The disadvantages include weak mechanical strength and mediocre vapor permeability.

Mineral wool should be protected from contact with water. under its influence, the thermal insulation qualities of the material deteriorate. In view of this, the vapor barrier must be given special attention. Also a big disadvantage is the non-environmental friendliness of mineral wool. It is because of this that it has recently been actively abandoned.

It is sold in the form of solid or flexible boards, ready to install. You just need to pre-cut them into elements of the required width. On the harder side, the board is marked, usually in the form of a blue strip. When laying insulation between the logs, this strip should look upward. The insulation is laid in 1 layer.

The advantage of using mineral wool is that this material in addition to its thermal insulation performance, it is characterized by excellent sound-absorbing properties, which is especially important when finishing floors in a multi-storey building.

It is one of the most modern, produced in the form of a roll material, consisting of a layer of thermal insulation and reflective material in the form of thin aluminum foil. The thermal insulation layer can be represented by almost any existing insulation. The best option is foamed polyethylene.

Insulation without any problems is fixed on almost any substrate with glue. Installation is carried out as quickly as possible and without unnecessary difficulties. Placed directly on the floor surface. Sheets can be laid end to end or overlapped. The joints should be fixed with metallized adhesive tape. Penofol eliminates the need to use moisture and vapor barrier materials, because this function is perfectly handled by the material of the second layer - aluminum foil.

Polyfoam has long been entrenched among the leaders in the insulation market. Well suited for wood floor insulation. It has many advantages, including: good thermal insulation properties, resistance to decay, mold formation, damage by insects and rodents. Due to its cellular structure, foam insulation is obtained as efficient and durable as possible.

The disadvantages of this insulation include its poor tolerance of contacts with moisture, against which its thermal insulation properties decrease. Therefore, the installation of insulation must necessarily be carried out with a parallel device of high-quality moisture and vapor barrier.

Also, a big disadvantage of foam is its non-environmental friendliness. Here, everyone must decide for himself which properties of thermal insulation are more important for him.

Thus, there is nothing difficult in self-warming a wooden floor. All work comes down to fixing a certain amount of lag and fixing the selected insulation. Knowing the properties of the most popular heaters, you can choose the most suitable option for your case and ensure the highest quality insulation of a wooden floor.

Happy work!

Wood is a traditional material that has been used by people since ancient times for the construction of dwellings and outbuildings. However, due to its versatility, environmental friendliness, strength and excellent performance characteristics, it has not lost its relevance at the present time.

Modern wooden house

Wood is characterized by high thermal insulation properties (the thermal conductivity coefficient, depending on the type of wood, varies from 0.1 to 0.23 W / (m * K)). But even in houses made of this material, the floor is a weak point that requires special attention.

Warmed air is lighter than cold air, so it always tends to rise up - every student knows about this. In this regard, the floor, especially on the ground floor, often needs additional insulation.

The choice of insulation

Thermal insulation materials used for the arrangement wooden house, should have a number of properties, on which not only the microclimate in the room depends, but also the safety during its operation. These should include:
1. fire resistance;
2. incombustibility;
3. safety for human health.

The most commonly used materials for insulating a wooden house are:
sawdust;
expanded clay;
mineral wool;
ecowool;
Styrofoam;
penofol.
Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the method of insulation in each case should be approached individually.

Preparatory work and the sequence of the insulation

Even at the stage of developing a project for a new house or during the insulation of an existing building, you should think about creating a two-level floor:
1. the first level (draft), on which the layers of thermal insulation will be laid in the future. It consists of rough planks attached to beams;
2. the second level (finishing) will serve as the basis for laying the topcoat or will itself be it.



Two-level floor

When proceeding with the thermal insulation of the floor, you should take care of additional waterproofing. For this purpose, you can use plastic wrap, which must be spread over the entire surface of the subfloor, including logs. Butt seams should be securely glued with tape.

Next, a heater is laid on top of the waterproofing layer, which is then covered with a vapor barrier (glassine is one of the options). However, for some types of thermal insulation materials, hygroscopicity is not characteristic.
The final stage is the installation of the finished floor.

Characteristics of the most common thermal insulation materials

Sawdust – available materialwhich is a by-product of the woodworking industry. They can be used both as an independent heat-insulating material, and as a basis for the preparation of various mixtures, which may include, for example, cement or sand.



Floor insulation with sawdust

However, such a heater may soon become a refuge for small rodents and other pests.

Expanded clay - a common insulation obtained by swelling light types of clay.
There are several types of it:
gravel;
crushed stone;
sand.
These fractions differ in shape, size and value of the thermal conductivity coefficient. However, to achieve the most effective insulation, a mixture of them is used.



Insulation of the floor with expanded clay

Expanded clay has a number of valuable properties:
✓ can be used in a fairly wide temperature range;
✓ does not harm human health;
✓ is unattractive to insects and rodents;
✓ characterized by excellent sound and heat insulation properties.
But it easily absorbs moisture, which is why the quality of such a heater can significantly decrease over time. This problem is solved by laying hydro and vapor barrier.

The height of the expanded clay layer reaches 20 cm. In this regard, its use may be limited by the insufficient height of the walls in the room.
Expanded clay can be used as an independent heat-insulating material, or mixed with cement mortar.

Mineral wool available in three types:
1.glass wool (glass wool);
2. stone (basalt) wool;
3. slag wool.

The advantages of such a heater include:
incombustibility;
vapor permeability;
resistance to significant temperature changes;
high sound insulation properties;
absence of mold, fungi, rodents and small insects.



Stacked mineral wool

When using mats, plates, rolls of mineral wool, it should be remembered that such insulation is a hygroscopic material. Therefore, you will definitely have to lay steam and thermal insulation.
Important: when installing the final floor level, it is necessary to avoid creasing or artificial compaction of mineral wool. Otherwise, the effectiveness of such a heater will significantly decrease.
Important: when working with mineral wool, you will have to use personal protective equipment (glasses, gloves, respirator).

Ecowool, unlike mineral wool, it is absolutely harmless, as it is made from sawdust. Using it as a heater, you need to take care of steam and heat insulation. The high cost of such material may also be a surprise.

Ecowool distribution

Styrofoam - foamed polymer material, produced mainly in the form of plates. It is characterized by a low value of the thermal conductivity coefficient and does not absorb moisture at all. Under normal conditions, foam is not harmful to human health. However, it is highly flammable and burns.

Styrofoam laid between the lags

Penofol - a foam material consisting of a polymer layer and foil, bonded at the production stage. Such insulation does not need additional waterproofing.
Information: Penofol must be laid with the foil side up. In this case, heat is reflected (returned) into the room.

An example of laying penofol

Floor insulation is a laborious and rather costly process. But, having spent once, in the future you can save on heating and avoid unwanted health problems.

Opinions on this topic made my head spin. Practitioners, tell me how to properly insulate the attic floor and soundproof the interfloor.
Given: walls of a house made of gas silicate, floors - wooden beams 200 mm high, with an interval of 60 cm, the attic will be cold, two floors will be heated, the house will be covered with metal tiles.
On the attic floor:
1. If you use Rockwool, is this an acceptable option? If acceptable, which one is better to take in terms of density and sound insulation index (the roof is covered with metal tiles!)?
2. How thick should the insulation layer be?
3. Fix the foil material on the bottom of the beams with a stapler, glue the seams with tape, this is instead of a vapor barrier and to reflect the heat down. Then fix the rough ceiling from the 25th board at intervals of 10-15 cm to the beams through the foil. This black ceiling is needed to put the insulation on it, since the height of the beam is 200 mm and the cranial bars with a roll will steal the space of the insulation, if you need 200 mm according to your advice. A layer of insulation on top of the 25-fold between the beams. Or is this not a working option? Can it be enough to use polyethylene film, or glassine as a vapor barrier?
4. Is it necessary to put a layer of insulation on top of the beams to exclude cold bridges across them? This adds significantly to the hassle.
5. Why do they require a windproof vapor-permeable material on top of the insulation? On top of the insulation in the attic, the board will lie on the beams as a floor, there will be gaps for ventilation. The attic, of course, has air vents and ventilation in the lining of the roof, Ondulin waterproofing is stretched between the rafters and the metal tile, the outer wall is above the upper level of the beams. Why windscreen?

On the interfloor overlap:
6. Since the main requirements are environmental friendliness and sound insulation, please advise what material to use and what thickness to lay? Rockwool is dusty and causes scabies. The insulation that I would recommend for the interfloor ones and then I plan to use the plasterboard partitions of the rooms.
7. Is the insulation required for the insulation? It can only be done over the wet rooms of the 1st floor (shower, bathroom, laundry room). If required, then polyethylene film, glassine, or other modern material, which is better?
8. Do you need to cover this soundproofing material with something? In order not to breathe it and not get dusty. On top of the beams there will be a 30-piece board as a subfloor and plywood, the final floor is laminate.

I do not assume any filling of the inter-girder space such as slag, sawdust, etc. Modern materials, convenient to install. Thank you in advance for your attention to my topic, comments and advice.