The time spent in a country house will be even more enjoyable if you have a beautiful, well-kept pond. Even in natural conditions, the pond ecosystem faces many challenges. And if in the natural environment they can be solved by themselves, then the tasks of maintaining the man-made reservoir in order and cleaning the ponds fall on the shoulders of the owners. GC "Avangard-Aqua" (Moscow) is ready to relieve you of this burden and do everything to make your pond clean, beautiful and bring only joy. We provide services for the purification of reservoirs from biological and mechanical pollution (from silt), as well as perform other work:
- cleaning of fire reservoirs;
- bottom cleaning;
- stocking of ponds;
- construction of ponds and fire reservoirs;
- decorative design of ponds.
How are reservoirs cleaned?
Cleaning of ponds is a complex of works aimed at cleaning a reservoir from silt, litter, rotting vegetation and other polluting factors. Small ponds can be cleaned manually or with the help of technology. There are 3 ways to clean the bottom of ponds:
In the first case, cleaning takes place as follows. With the help of pumps, all the water from the reservoir is pumped out into a special depression, from where it enters the storm sewer. After the pond is emptied of water, it is left to dry for several days.Then the natural silt is scooped out, and the cleaned bottom can, at the request of the customer, be leveled with gravel or sand. With this method, it should be borne in mind that a reservoir with completely renewed water will be susceptible to blooming and the formation of various algae.
Usually this method is used on small water reservoirs or when there is a cheap labor force and there are no skills and education at all. After all, the most valuable thing in a reservoir is living and mature water. Cleaning the pond without pumping water involves participating in this process special equipment: dredgers, suction pumps, powerful water vacuum cleaners.
Apart from technology, great importance also has experience and qualifications of specialists. Our employees have the knowledge to select the best pond cleaning machine for your specific application.
Remember! Cleaning water bodies can solve many problems, but it is much easier to prevent them. Use only high-quality materials, equipment and technologies during the construction of the pond - this will protect you from unnecessary spending of finances and time.
Problem to be solved. We dumped water on the lake for the winter. But it was too late to start filling. The lake water is dirty. Suspension is visible. The lake fills up very passively. It looks like the bottom springs have silted up. Help with advice or deed.
Hello Svetlana!
A properly created pond close to natural conditions requires painstaking care.
Cleaning of rivers and ponds is one of the most difficult elements of landscaping. The formation of the correct bed, the perfection of the drainage system, professional geodetic work, the order and use of construction special equipment: excavators and tractors - all these tasks must be solved by specialists in the complex when landscaping the territory.
There are four main methods of water purification: mechanical, biological, chemical and ultraviolet radiation. Mechanical cleaning of the reservoir allows you to get rid of mechanical debris. Biological normalizes the content of nutrients in water. Exposure to ultraviolet light kills bacteria and unicellular algae. Chemical cleaning of the reservoir normalizes the chemical composition of the reservoir.
Mechanical pond cleaning - the simplest and cheapest process to get rid of excess amounts of aquatic plants, algae and debris that has fallen into the pond. The principle of operation of mechanical filters is based on the passage of water through a container filled with porous material (quartz sand, gravel or special granules). Organic particles and algae are retained by the backfill and deposited in the filter. The finer the filter material, the finer particles it retains.
When the device becomes clogged (it is usually easy to determine - the water starts coming out of it more and more slowly), it should be cleaned. To do this, all the contents are removed from the container, it is disposed of, and fresh filter material is placed in the container - it is sold in separate packages in the same stores as the filter equipment. Some users prefer to rinse the filter media. It is not so difficult if the container is filled with gravel, and almost impossible if it is filled with sand. The water entering the mechanical filter is driven by a pump. Its power is selected depending on the volume of the pond and the installed filter.
Several stages of pond pollution are known.First, it is clogging with mechanical debris - fallen leaves, needles, branches, dried plant stems, flower pollen, fluff, as well as plastic bags and other household waste. All this garbage stays on the surface of the water for several days, and then drowns and begins to rot. Secondly, a pond is considered "dirty" if its surface is covered with an oily film. It usually smells bad. It smells no better from ponds with very muddy water. The next stage is the loss of species diversity, that is, filling the reservoir with one type of vegetation, which almost completely displaces all the others. Usually, garden ponds are exposed to the expansion of duckweed, cattail (this plant with wide leaves and brown inflorescences-cobs in everyday life is mistakenly called reeds), blue-green algae (with strong outbreaks of flowering, they release toxins dangerous for animals, fish and humans). Increased gas production in a reservoir is another sign of its pollution. Fortunately, contamination from various chemicals (eg oil products) is not very common. Such a disaster most of all threatens ponds, which are replenished by storm water flowing from busy roads, or located in areas with a significant number of industrial enterprises.
Accidental ingress of a small amount of gasoline from a lawn mower into the water is not so scary - it will be "neutralized" by the microorganisms living in the pond rather quickly. Finally, a body of water in which the fish is severely ill or dying is also unhealthy. From a biological point of view, a pond is considered "dirty" if its ecosystem is out of balance. Indeed, each of these stages testifies to the loss of this balance. There are two main reasons for water pollution. The first of them is an excessive accumulation of organic matter and harmful fungi and bacteria living in it at the bottom. At the same time, the oxygen content in water is significantly reduced. The consequences of this can be different - an oily film that has appeared on the surface, overgrown duckweed, etc. The second reason for pollution is the presence of too many nutrients in the water (various compounds of phosphorus and nitrogen, which are a product of the life of fish and animals, as well as the result of the decomposition process dead plants). The consequence of excessive filling of the pond with nutrients is overgrowth with submerged vegetation (whorled, pondweed, hornwort), outbreaks of blue-green algae blooms (phosphorus is needed for their vital activity). Systems with a large amount of nutrients are also characterized by strong stratification of the water column. The upper layer (about half a meter) is usually well heated, and the bottom layers are very cold, the water in them is darkened, the bottom is not visible.
Even the most ordinary landing net can become a mechanical cleaning tool, with the help of which debris floating on the surface is caught. If you do not want to do this manually, use the Skimmer device (manufactured by the German company OASE). The filtering part of the structure is a 1.4 liter plastic tank with a grate at the bottom (basket). The skimmer is placed directly in the pond. Due to the fact that the upper edge of the basket is just below the surface, water and floating debris are constantly sucked into the device. The liquid is removed by a pump connected to the Skimmer. Dirt trapped in the reservoir settles on the grate. As the basket is full, it must be cleaned; for this, it is enough just to shake the accumulated debris out of it. If the Skimmer is located far from the shore, it can be removed or put back using a stick that hooks onto a special hook. The device is recommended to be used in combination with pumps Aquamax and Promax (manufacturer - OASE), pumping from 50 to 250 liters per hour.
For mechanical cleaning of the bottom and sides, you can use the "underwater vacuum cleaner" from HEISSNER or models Cyprivac (manufacturer - HOZELOCK) and Pondovac (from OASE). At its core, this is an ordinary vacuum cleaner, only sucking not air, but dirty water with various suspensions - bottom silt, algae, dead plant residues. The slot width of the suction nozzle is adjustable from 2 to 10 mm. With a very open gap, even fry and other living organisms sometimes get into the vacuum cleaner. They can be returned to the pond while the tank is being emptied. The vacuum cleaner usually comes with several additional attachments that allow you to clean the growth of algae from stones or penetrate into narrow crevices. As a result, you will be able to efficiently clean a pond with a diameter of up to 10 m, since during operation the vacuum cleaner remains on the shore, and the length of the suction hose is 5 m. dumpster - 30 liters. After filling the container with sludge, the vacuum cleaner turns off. Debris is removed through a special drain hose. Sludge flows from the tank into a drainage ditch - its construction should be taken care of in advance.
The vacuum cleaner can only be used in reservoirs with an artificial frame (concrete, polymer form, films). The pebbles laid out on the bottom will not interfere with the process if their diameter is more than 10 mm.
Biological treatment based on the biochemical decomposition of organic substances (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) to methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. It is carried out by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in special devices. Biological filters are in the assortment of almost all companies specializing in this area.
A porous substance is placed in the biological filter chamber, which facilitates the settlement of microorganisms here that feed on organic matter retained by this material. The size and amount of the filter medium is determined depending on the size of the reservoir and the presence of fish in it. Obviously, a fish pond is more polluted and requires more active cleaning.
A variant of organizing the biological filtration of the pond is the construction of a small bioplato (pond) next to it. There is no need to settle fish - in this case, the bioplato will become the habitat of a living "filter feeder", the very crustacean zooplankton. The water level in the secondary tank should be slightly higher than the main tank. The border between them can be drawn with stones. Water is supplied to the pond by means of a pump. After being cleansed, it flows down the stones and again falls into the main reservoir.
Chemical cleaning of the reservoir lies in the fact that by adding chemical reagents of different composition, it is possible to restore the normal level of acidity of water, bind harmful ammonia and metal compounds, saturate the pond with oxygen, and dissolve algae. A whole range of water care products are produced by HEISSNER, OASE, sera, TETRA ("Oxygen stabilizer", "Degree of hardness", "pH +", "pH-", "Means for the destruction of filamentous algae", etc. Their cost - from $ 10-20 for 500 ml). When using chemical reagents, it is recommended to strictly observe all dosage instructions, since certain preparations (for example, various cleaning stimulants) in excessive doses are harmful not only to fish, but also to humans. Most of the chemical reagents are created in such a way that their residues decompose into water and carbon dioxide, that is, they are harmless.
The use of chemistry in many cases can be avoided if not only decorative, but also useful plants live in your reservoir. For example, the so-called oxygenerating plants (swamp, hornwort, tillea, urut, fontinalis, elodea). They contribute to the saturation of water with oxygen.
Close to chemical so-called sorption purification using zeolite minerals - they are placed in the filter chambers or introduced directly into the pond in special nets. These minerals have a "porous crystal" structure with a liquid framework, due to which they have the ability to extract phosphorus and ammonium from water. To maintain chemical equilibrium for 12 months, only 0.5-1 kg of zeolite is sufficient for a 1000-liter pond. Disinfection with ultraviolet rays. One of possible ways water purification - the use of ultraviolet radiation (wavelength from 180 to 300 nm), which affects the DNA of viruses, bacteria, microalgae and thereby "kills" them. The UV filter is a housing with a lamp inside. The design is necessarily complemented by a mechanism that prevents algae from overgrowing the lamp. It can be a plastic rim sliding along the lamp, lined with foam rubber on the inside and driven by a special handle on the outer filter casing. It is recommended to replace the lamp after one to two seasons to maintain the UV intensity.
There are several series of UV disinfectants on the Russian market:Bitron from OASE, Aqua UV from HEISSNER, Each line contains several models with different performance. The device should be selected based on the volume of your pond. For example, Aqua UV 8 is intended for reservoirs up to 5000 l, Aqua UV 15 - up to 10,000 l, Aqua UV 25 - up to 15,000 l. Larger ponds will require several UV clarifiers.
How good your pond will be for plant and fish life depends a lot on the water that fills it. Depending on its origin, the water in the pond has different qualities. First of all - different hardness and acidity. Water hardness is determined by the content of dissolved calcium and magnesium salts in it. There are several degrees of water hardness: less than 4 mg · l; eq / dm3 - soft water, from 4 to 8 mg eq / dm3 - medium hard water, from 8 to 12 mg eq / dm3 - hard and above 12 mg eq / dm3 - very hard. Too hard water causes the formation of deposits on the working parts of pumping, fountain and filtering equipment, as a result of which it breaks down faster. Too soft, poor in nutrients, slows down the development of plants, poorly suited for the life of fish. Garden shops sell special indicators and test kits for measuring the water hardness (eg sera pH-Test). The normal level of water hardness in a pond is no more than 7 mg eq / dm3 (200 dH - German degrees of hardness). Acidity is determined by the pH level. Strongly depends on the content of lime, phosphates and nitrates in the pond, as well as the decay processes taking place in the pond. The neutral pH is 7. At lower values \u200b\u200bthe water is considered acidic, at higher values \u200b\u200bit is alkaline. From time to time, the level of acidity in the water in the pond should be measured, since the indicator can change after precipitation, as well as due to exposure to sunlight, which contributes to the formation of new chemical compounds. It is better to measure pH using drip tests (manufacturers - OASE, sera, TETRA, etc.), since the readings of indicator papers are usually less accurate. At pH values \u200b\u200bbetween 6.5 and 8.5, the water is suitable for plant and fish life, and at lower or higher pH values, it is dangerous. An acidic environment can result from water entering the pond from the surrounding peatlands. In this case, you need to partially change the water, put limestone in the pond or add the appropriate chemicals that increase the pH level (pH +). An overly alkaline environment usually occurs in ponds with concrete waterproofing or artificial stone, therefore, during the construction phase, all concrete surfaces it is recommended to paint over. If alkalization has occurred, remove as much algae as possible from the water and add lime-binding reagents to it. Some plants also have the ability to bind lime and extract it from water. Such "healers" are, for example, curly pondweed (Patamogeton crispus) and hara rough algae (Chara aspera) - lime settles like a crust on its "stems". With high alkalinity of water, peat tablets or peat bags (for example, OASE Aquahumin peat nets) can be added to it - they lower the pH level, soften the water. The optimal pond volume for a ten-liter Aquahumin package is 4000 liters.
It is best to take water for the pond from a clean spring or well, provided that you are sure that they are clean. Most of the wells in the Moscow region, for example, are not suitable for a pond - there is too much iron in them. Springs flowing near highways often contain oil impurities that have entered them along with storm water. Therefore, it is better to use water that has passed the stage of autonomous preparation, as a result of which it is deironed and softened. In centralized water supply systems, involving centralized treatment plants, there is a large amount of chlorine. Therefore, it is recommended to fill the pre-tank, wait a few days until the chlorine has evaporated, and only then fill the pond. Rainwater is a good option - it is soft and free of lime, nitrates and phosphates. At the same time, it is poor in nutrients, so that when using it, algae will not multiply much. The only question is how realistic it is to collect the amount of precipitation required for the pond.
To choose a filtering device for your pond, it is best to contact a specialist - they will competently select the equipment, taking into account the individual characteristics of the reservoir. These features include the following factors: size and depth of the pond, water load (vegetation, fish), illumination, bottom profile. Flowing ponds do not have to be cleaned as intensively as non-flowing ones - freezing phenomena in conditions of constant water changes occur less often. The illumination of the pond is important. A complete pond cleaning includes three necessary stages: mechanical, ultraviolet water clarification and biological. The sequence of stages can be changed: first, UV treatment, then mechanical cleaning and finally biological filtration. In the second case, the mechanical filter will take away large quantity debris - both that existed in the pond initially, and formed after the passage of water through ultraviolet disinfectants (for example, lumps of algae). It is important to understand that buying one of the filters will not solve the problem of keeping the pond clean. So, ultraviolet installations destroy algae, but do not remove them from the water in any way - this is the task of mechanical cleaning. The biological filter, on the other hand, is difficult to cope with a heavy load - it will often clog.
The shallow part of the reservoir (0.5-0.7 m deep) should not be too large - experts advise that it occupy about a third of the surface area. The fact is that with the onset of spring, shallow water quickly warms up and bottom sediments - dead plants, waste products of fish and animals - release phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, the so-called biogenic substances, which enter the water column and cause an outbreak of microalgae bloom. This bloom is sometimes very violent, as a result of which the supply of nutrients is depleted and microalgae begin to die off quickly.
Dead organic matter rots, absorbing dissolved oxygen from the water. And due to the lack of oxygen, fish are killed and the pond rotted. This process of bursting flowering and subsequent death can be repeated several times during the summer. And the shallower the pond, the more often such phenomena will be. To soften and extend the bottom heating in time, it is necessary to make most of the reservoir deep enough - for the climatic conditions of central Russia it is over 2.5 m.To reduce the development of unicellular algae, the pond should be protected from too much sun (shade with plants floating on leaves or build a gazebo on the south side.It is not recommended to shade the pond with duckweed - it grows quickly and begins to prevent oxygen from entering the water.The shallow part of the pond is usually occupied by submerged aquatic vegetation, which also feeds on nutrients and resists the active growth of algae. In addition, filter-feeding organisms live in shallow water.
Different types of cleaning can be carried out either by different devices, or by one multi-chamber. The water supplied by the pump passes sequentially through several compartments. In the first, it is subjected to rough mechanical cleaning - large particles of dirt are retained here, which can then be removed. In the second compartment of biological filtration, which consists of three chambers, there is volcanic granulate, which serves as a living space for filter-feeding microorganisms. And, finally, in the third compartment of sorption purification, there is a natural rock, zeobacterlite, which filters out toxic substances (for example, ammonia) from the water and binds them. In addition to it, you can install an ultraviolet water purifier. The multi-chamber system BIOsys, manufactured by OASE, combines biological treatment and ultraviolet water disinfection. Moreover, the number of filter chambers is selected depending on the volume of the pond and the presence of fish or only plants in it.
If you nevertheless decide to choose the equipment for your pond yourself, keep in mind: it is better to make a complete "circuit" (that is, a set of a pump and filters) using the products of one company - they are guaranteed to be combined with each other in terms of performance. Suppose you are the owner of a pond measuring 5x7 m and a depth of 70 cm (this is the optimal depth for observing fish; however, in winter they will have to be brought into the room). The volume of such a pond is 24.5 m3, the maximum amount of fish for it is 12 adult carp. It is recommended to populate vegetation so that it covers about a third of the surface. 3 Biotec 10 chambers and 2 Bitron 25 UV water clarifiers. All 5 parts of the system can be assembled into a single unit. The most suitable for this design is the Aqua-max 10000 pump with a power of 110 W. The maximum productivity of such a system is 12,000 l / h. A pond inhabited by more capricious fish (koi, sterlet, sturgeon) will require more delicate cleaning (by the way, these fish are sensitive to high alkalinity of water). A pond without fish, on the contrary, will tolerate less delicate handling - the selected kit will be able to serve a volume of up to 50 m3. It is also necessary to take into account the possible loss of pump performance associated with a change in the height of the water rise - this is a situation when the pump is located below the level of the filter system. In this case, it is recommended to use more powerful units. The selection of equipment can also be carried out, focusing on the performance of the filters. In small ponds with a volume of about 10 m3 during the day, the water must go through a full circle of filtration 5-6 times. Place the equipment so that no stagnant zones remain in the pond. In larger ponds (for example, 2000 m3), one passage of the entire volume of water through the filtration system per day is sufficient.
Filtration equipment is turned on in April-May, when the outside air temperature warms up to + 15 ° С. The shutdown is recommended in September-October. During this entire period, the filters must constantly work, they should be turned off only for the duration of cleaning. The equipment for the reservoir (pumps, filters) is connected to electrical control panels with an integrated RCD (residual current device). In the event of any electrical leakage (damage to the cable, pump housing, filter motor), the RCD automatically interrupts the power supply within 10 ms. All cables used have armored insulation, their strength allows you to walk on them, crush them with stones. The RCD element, as well as garden outlets (moisture-proof tee cabinets) can be purchased separately.
Filtration equipment is mainly located on the banks of ponds (excluding submersible models). In order not to spoil decorative view landscape with large containers, filters are recommended to be masked decorative stones or place in the bushes.
In addition to the basic equipment for cleaning a pond, there are several additional devices on the market. These include water vacuum cleaner and skimmer (they were discussed in the chapter on mechanical cleaning). The purchase of these devices is not a vital necessity, but they will help you avoid the manual work of cleaning the pond. So, a skimmer is a kind of mechanical analogue of a garden net - both allow you to get rid of debris floating on the surface. By the way, trees and shrubs (especially chestnuts, poplars, rhododendrons), located too close to the water, threaten to constantly clog the pond with leaves, flowers and fluff. There is an unspoken rule among specialists: to plant trees no closer than the height of their trunk. Facilitates the maintenance and positioning of the pond so that its longitudinal axis is oriented along the direction of the prevailing winds. In this case, the wind will blow off leaves, pollen and other debris floating on the surface and beat them to the shore, where they can be caught in time - before they sink to the bottom. Additional care also includes the addition of chemicals to the water and the use of peat or zeolite nets. These are one-time procedures that compensate for violations in the state of the system for any one parameter (hardness, acidity, lack of oxygen, high foaming). However, among the owners of ponds sometimes there are those who want to purify water only with the help of chemicals throughout the season.
In autumn, during the fall of leaves, regardless of the size of your pond and the selected filtering devices, it is recommended to pull the net just above the water level - it will protect the pond from a large number of falling leaves. The recommended mesh size is 1 cm2. For convenience, stakes are driven in on opposite banks and a rope is pulled between them. The net, thrown over this rope, forms a kind of tent. When too many leaves accumulate on the net, it is enough to shake it - the leaves will fly down, then they can be transferred to a distant place.
In cases where the pond is very heavily contaminated (for example, if it remains cloudy despite permanent job filters), you will need to carry out a partial or complete water change. To do this, you need to drain water from the tank, transfer live plants and fish to a temporary dwelling (it can be a small pond or just buckets of water), remove silt and debris from the bottom, and then fill the pond with clean water.
How do you know when it's time to change the water? Some experts recommend putting a white plate into the pond: if you can't see it at a depth of 10 cm, it's time to change the water. Others argue that with the help of modern filtration systems, you can clear any, even the dirtiest "puddle". This, however, will take a lot of time and money. So in very "sick" ponds (unpleasantly stinking or tightly tightened with an oily film), it is still recommended to completely drain the water.
The big problem that the owners face when changing water is the removal of bottom sediments. As you know, bottom sludge is a substance rich in organic matter that does not contain oxygen. Therefore, the place where the silt is buried or poured out will be "dead" for several years - no vegetation can appear here. It is good if you have a compost heap on your site: mix silt with peat (the latter, on the contrary, contains a large amount of oxygen) in a proportion of 30% silt and 70% peat. In 5-6 years this mixture will be the most valuable fertilizer. But only if the sludge did not contain chemical impurities. It is also possible to add fresh sludge as fertilizer, but in very small quantities - 3-5% of the total volume of the mixture.
Now many companies are engaged in water treatment services in Moscow and the region. For example, TekhStroyProekt Company LLC and AQUA LOGO ENGINEERING offer services for the cleaning and restoration of ponds. Their sites:
Material taken from the site:
If the reservoir has a large area, then it is better to use a special machine called a dredger to remove silt from the water. But suburban area is not suitable for such manipulations, so it is better to figure out how to clean the pond with your own hands.
Self-cleaning procedure
Currently, you can clean the pond without involving specialists through the following methods:
- chemical;
- biological;
- mechanical;
- ultraviolet radiation.
Almost all of them involve the use of a special device or device.
Mechanical
How to purify water without spending too much money? It's very simple - with a special net that allows you to get rid of small debris and leaves on the surface, however, this tool is unlikely to remove silt.
In this case, a special cleaning container equipped with filter elements (gravel, quartz sand, special-purpose granules) is much more effective. The device must be placed near the pond and the filter elements must be periodically changed every time water stops flowing out of the filter. The supply of water from the pond to the container is carried out by special pumps, the power value of which must be selected based on the size and depth of the reservoir.
Also, cleaning can be carried out with a special manual or automatic underwater vacuum cleaner. The equipment, mounted on a telescopic tube, sucks in everything: water, dirt, debris, silt, and then drains the filtered liquid back into the pond. If you don't know how to clean a pond with a diameter of less than 10 m, then a vacuum cleaner is what you need.
Biological
The biological method is based on the decomposition of substances. This method is often combined with a mechanical one.
With the help of biological treatment of a reservoir, it is possible not only to carry out prevention, but also to eliminate irreversible phenomena, the cause of which lies in wastewater products, gradual shallowing, flooding and other natural anomalies.
The principle of operation is as follows: proteins, carbohydrates and fats are decomposed into carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide in a special filter. Its containers contain granules with microorganisms that have a cleansing effect on the water.
Chemical
The problems of a reservoir with a small size can be solved by the use of drugs based on natural possibilities. Beneficial bacteria and enzymes isolated from the natural environment accelerate and stabilize a number of denitrification and nitrication processes, which has a positive effect on the biobalance.
If it is impossible to use any device to cleanse the reservoir, then you should resort to a chemical method. By adding chemicals to the pond, normal acidity is achieved, the oxygen content is increased, and algae are dissolved. The only drawback of the chemical method is that it cannot be used if the pond serves as a source of water, it is used for swimming, or if a fish lives in it.
The natural mineral zeolite, a high-quality water purifier, is very popular. The level of its activity is so high that it is used even in exceptional cases, for example, in wastewater treatment.
This mineral often replaces quartz sand in many devices. And mixing zeolite with aluminum sulfate allows you to create a coagulating mixture, which is characterized by a high degree of ability to adsorb any heavy metal and radionuclide, suppressing the development of harmful microorganisms.
You can also use a UV device to purify the water. Component parts such a device is usually: a case, an ultraviolet lamp and a mechanism, the main task of which is to protect the equipment from algae and silt. Effective operation of this unit is not possible without replacing the lamp every year.
Even at the stage of building a pond, you need to think about the features of the functioning of a particular system for cleaning a reservoir. This is influenced by many individual characteristics: depth, size, bottom topography, intensity of water load (living creatures, plants). A flowing pond requires more frequent cleaning.
When to do a complete water change
If the reservoir is very polluted and none of the above cleaning methods can cope, then you should move on to a more radical method - a complete replacement of the water in the pond.
Preparatory work includes searching for:
- a suitable aquarium or container;
- shovels, mops and brushes;
- net;
- scoop or scoop;
- a piece of mesh with a fine lattice.
Before carrying out the cleaning procedure, it is necessary to ensure the presence of a trench, which in depth should completely coincide with the reservoir. This will be the channel for the drained water.
Note! This method can only be used if the depth of the pond does not exceed one meter. With a larger value of the indicator, it makes sense to pump water using a pump. A fine mesh should be attached to the end of the pump to prevent clogging.
Before you start digging a trench, you need to fix the mesh (on the side from which the work will be carried out) so that crayfish and plants - lotuses, lilies, water lilies, etc., do not flow away with the water. After that, you should catch each fish from the pond (with the help of a net, of course) and dig each plant you need. All this can be placed in a specially prepared aquarium.
After the water is completely drained, you can start cleaning the pond - removing slime, silt and dirt from the bottom surface. For these purposes, a scoop and brush are useful. When the pit dries out a little, you can move on to the next event - planting plants and filling the pond with clean water. Important: the fish can be released only after 2-3 days, when the water has settled.
The use of the above cleaning methods allows all year round keep the pond in excellent condition. Self-cleaning of the reservoir saves you from additional expenses, because the employees of a specialized company will issue a "good" bill for their services. In addition, the clear water is excellent for fish farming and cultivation of cultivated aquatic plants.
About the rules for keeping the pond
A number of problems can be solved by timely water purification. But you need to learn and apply certain rules even at the stage of pond construction.
Waterproofing should be carried out using a high-quality film, the service life of which is at least 20 years, because only this will save the reservoir from the penetration of polluting and toxic substances from the soil. For the same purpose, it is necessary to monitor the quality of concrete, since under a certain influence it can crack, which, in turn, will lead to the destruction of the bottom. Acquisition of a rigid form for a pond must be accompanied by a check of its ecological characteristics so that all the same toxic substances do not penetrate into the water.
Vegetation and fish deserve special attention - they must be healthy, since water is a unique environment for the development and spread of various disease-causing factors.
Ponds are a wonderful decoration of the personal plot. But in order to preserve the external attractiveness and well-groomed, the reservoirs must be regularly looked after and cleaned in a timely manner.
DIY pond cleaning
Otherwise, the water will start to deteriorate and, as a result, fish, amphibians and plants living in the pond will die. A number of simple rules for the care and cleaning of the pond.
Consider the basic rules for caring for ponds in a personal plot. Everyone has known since school that natural reservoirs are cleansed in a natural way, thanks to the biological balance that ensures the vital activity of all living organisms in water. In a small artificial reservoir, you need to create and maintain biological balance with your own hands. To do this, you should observe the seasonal features of pond care.
With the onset of the first warm spring days, it is necessary to prepare the pond for the summer season. For this, in case of strong silting of the bottom, part of the sediment is removed. To remove the overgrown sludge, modern electric silos can be used, which allow you to quickly deal with the problem. But if tadpoles of fish or amphibians live in the pond, the sludge sucker will have to be abandoned, since this poses a threat to the destruction of the entire population of fry.
Before starting the pumps, it is necessary to check the integrity of the pond frame, if damage is detected, seal the cracks in order to avoid water leakage. Then the pump and filter system can be started. In the first weeks of spring, the filter should work around the clock to clear the water from accumulated silt with its own hands. Prepare, plant new or transplant old aquatic and coastal garden plants, get rid of infected and weak vegetation.
Pond cleaning methods
With an average daily stable temperature of more than 10 ° C, you can start feeding fish and amphibians living in the reservoir. Analyze the quality of the water reservoir using a water quality tester. At the same time, one should pay attention to the pH level (hydrogen index), the oxygen and nitrogen content, and the hardness of the water. Based on the results of the analysis, carry out preventive work, additionally clean the bottom of silt or add a balanced concentrate of nutrients.
Taking care of ponds in summer
In the summer, during the period of active vegetative growth, it is necessary to remove overgrown algae from the bottom of the pond, which will be useful in the country as mulch and fertilizer. If flowering plants "live" in the pond, for example, water lilies or irises, in summer it is high time to feed them with a special prolonged-release fertilizer. Before feeding, adult flowers are removed from the water, separated, damaged roots are cut, then planted in shallow water. During the warmer months, it is necessary to regularly weed the weeds on the banks of the reservoirs.
Summer is ideal for planting exotic tropical aquatic plants such as lotus, aquatic lettuce, lysichiton, calla or cinquefoil. Water quality must be monitored throughout the summer.
Care for ponds in autumn
Cleaning the ponds in the fall begins with cutting off the yellowed aquatic greenery and removing the fallen leaves, this must be done before they sink to the bottom. To collect autumn leaves you can use a special mesh that stretches over the surface of the reservoir. The installed net must be checked regularly, fish and amphibians living in the pond, or small wild animals can get there.
Cleaning the pond in spring
As soon as the air temperature drops below 10 ° C, it is necessary to stop feeding fish and amphibians, since in winter they are in a state of suspended animation, therefore they do not eat. Cut off algae and other underwater plants. Transplant heat-loving tropical plants into containers and place them in a warm heated room for the winter.
Caring for ponds in winter
If there are no fish and amphibians in the reservoir, then for the winter the pond can be completely drained and covered with garden film. In the case of wintering of inhabitants in a pond, before the first frosts, it is necessary to turn on an anti-icer, which will prevent complete icing and maintain the necessary gas exchange even with a frozen pumping system. Drain and dismantle frost-resistant pumps and filters.
In the case when the reservoir is completely icy, it is necessary to pour the ice cover with hot water, let it thaw a little and only after that make an ice hole. In no case should an ice hole be made without warming the surface of the pond, otherwise fish and amphibians will die due to the sharp difference in temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is better not to disturb the peace of the reservoir unless absolutely necessary. Leave some of the reeds and stem plants until spring, they will prevent complete icing of the pond.
Even with proper care and regular cleaning of the reservoir in the country, unforeseen difficulties may appear:
Do-it-yourself methods for cleaning a pond in the country
For the purification of natural or industrial reservoirs, modern technical means are used. The use of modern excavators and dredgers allows you to quickly clear large water areas without disturbing the general ecology, prevent waterlogging, improve the aesthetic appearance and sanitary condition of the reservoir and coastal areas. However, the use of excavators and dredgers for cleaning an artificial pond in the country is impractical. For small bodies of water, it is recommended to use biological cleaning agents. Unlike chemicals that have excellent disinfectant characteristics, biological agents are not aggressive to the inhabitants of water bodies, therefore they are absolutely safe for both human health and the environment.
To clean the pond in the country, it is recommended to use biological agents that allow you to control the growth of algae, prevent the accumulation of mosquitoes, purify water from heavy metals, and fight the formation of duckweed. For example, the German biological preparation PiekAde can be used to control mosquitoes. Fadenalgenvernichter prevents algae from growing. Biological agent "Starter Bacteria" will get rid of harmful impurities. "Crystal Clear" will help get rid of heavy metals and phosphates.
Modern biological means will help you to effectively clean the reservoir with your own hands in a short time from silt. However, like any active substance, biological agents must be used with caution, following the recommendations and dosage indicated on the package. And also in no case should you use all the drugs at once, this will lead to oversaturation of the reservoir with biologically active compounds and, as a result, to the death of the inhabitants of the reservoir.
In extreme cases, when a fungus, pathogenic bacteria or mold appears in a reservoir, it is allowed to use chemical, antifungal or antibacterial drugs. Regular care of an artificial reservoir in the country will allow you to preserve the natural attractive general appearance of the personal plot and avoid various problems that can lead to a loss of aesthetic appearance. From all of the above, we can conclude that the methods of cleaning ponds in different times years, a huge number, and you can use any of them to clean your reservoir.
Chistoprud offers a choice of pond cleaning services:
- removal of silt and debris from the bottom of the reservoir;
- clearing and removing channels, changing the coastline;
- cleaning the bottom with special equipment without draining the water.
The cleaning of natural and artificial reservoirs is a complex of works aimed at preserving a favorable aquatic environment, equipping convenient and attractive shores and beaches, preserving ecosystems created by nature for the benefit of humans.
Our specialists are proficient in methods of complete cleaning with drainage of reservoirs, even those in a state of neglect. We use modern ways drainage of water, which allow you to bring the bottom and the channel to a high-quality condition.
Our work is intended for:
- country dacha associations
- cottage settlements
- homeowners' associations
- owners of private land plots
Service prices
Examples of completed projects
WHAT HAPPENS TO A WATER UNIT IF YOU DO NOT CARE ABOUT IT
Biomass at the bottom of a river, pond, lake, reservoir decomposes and saturates the water with decay products, while taking oxygen from it. As a result, the water begins to bloom - it becomes covered with a dense layer of green duckweed, the reproduction of blue-green algae begins, and an unpleasant odor appears.
The reservoir is quickly silted up, overgrown with reeds, reeds and others aquatic plants... The aquatic fauna is dying, and over time, the reservoir can simply dry up or, conversely, turn into a swamp.
BOTTOM CLEANING
The concept of cleaning rivers, ponds and other bodies of water primarily includes the removal of bottom sediments. They disrupt the natural balance, accumulating in themselves not only biogenic particles - the remains of vegetation, waste of fish and other aquatic fauna, food waste, but also elements of technogenic origin - oil products, domestic and industrial wastewater.
By regularly removing bottom silt, it is possible to maintain the hydroecosystem in a state that is safe for humans and nature, opening up access to clean natural springs that feed the reservoir.
WHY DO YOU NEED TO CLEAN THE WATER
Each natural body of water is a balanced ecosystem in which nature has laid down programs for self-purification and self-restoration. However, this balance is constantly disturbed and water bodies are polluted:
- for natural reasons - as a result of the accumulation of biogenic bottom sediments, the ingress of precipitation, foliage, and the death of aquatic plants.
- for artificial reasons - as a result of the ingress of human waste. In addition to dissolved anthropogenic sediments, household and technical waste accumulates at the bottom.
WATER CLEANING METHODS
You can clean the pond using the method of completely draining the water, for which powerful hydraulic installations are used. This method is applicable for closed reservoirs.
