In our house, like everyone else in the neighborhood, the problem of sewage disposal is solved simply: they drain into shambo - a cesspool without a bottom. Since everyone's plots are quite large, and the drinking water supply is centralized, there are no problems with the place for the pit.

Our city friends also decided to make a comfortable toilet in the country house they go to. all year round and suffer from a lack of familiar amenities. Especially when it's night, frost or bad weather outside.

And then the question arose before them: where in a small area to place such a pit? After all, there is also a water well, and vegetables and fruits grow, for which such a neighborhood is contraindicated. And to bury a sealed container in the ground means to call a sewage truck every month, which is very expensive (given the distance of the site from civilization), and in winter it is simply impossible.

Two plus two equals ... five

Having decided to explore all possible options for how to make a warm toilet in the country and choose the most suitable one, we, together with our comrades yearning for convenience, discovered that there are many of them. I will describe all worthy of attention, as well as the arguments of friends against most of them.

Two quick, low-cost ways to have a lot of hassle

Who doesn't want to spend little, do it quickly and get great results at the same time? But this either does not happen, or it happens as an exception. However, at first we started looking for the cheapest options. And as expected, we found the following popular solutions:

• Liquid dry closet. It looks like a plastic box with a lid. It consists of two parts: a lower reservoir for collecting sewage and a toilet seat. A liquid preparation with live bacteria is poured into the tank, which processes the waste and turns it into an odorless liquid. It can be safely poured into compost or directly onto the beds. About the shortcomings later, and the advantages of this device are uniquely mobility: you can build a house for a dry closet in the country and install it there, and take it into the house at night or for the winter.

• Peat dry closet. It resembles the usual one and is installed permanently. But it is connected not to the water supply and sewerage system, but to the ventilation duct, or the exhaust pipe for odor removal is specially arranged... Instead of water, the “tank” contains peat, which, when “flushed”, fills up the excrement, absorbs liquid and participates in the mineralization of waste, turning it into fertilizer. They are disposed of in a compost heap or immediately poured under bushes and trees. You can also build a toilet house for such a toilet, but you will not take it home. Therefore, it is better to immediately install it in place.

In addition to the simplicity and speed of installation of the dry closet and its relative cheapness, the advantages also include the absence of problems with waste disposal: they are dumped into compost and will also serve as a natural fertilizer for the beds.

But both of these options were categorically rejected for one simple reason: the need for frequent emptying of the storage tank. In the case of a liquid structure, this would have to be done almost every day, depending on the frequency of visiting the dacha.

Peat must be emptied less often, since it has more volume, but there is also little pleasant in this. Especially in winter.

Our comrades work at the airport, it is closer to the dacha from there than to the city apartment, so the dacha is a second home for them, in which after work they want to relax and not do not too pleasant things.

Nevertheless, dry closets deserve the attention of those who rarely visit a country house or live there only during the warm season.

Two difficult and long ways to get rid of the problem forever

A dry closet can be bought, delivered, put in place and used immediately, but you can constantly and regularly clean it. We needed an option that would allow us to completely forget about such a need and create “urban” conditions at the dacha.

It is desirable with the possibility of installing a shower cabin and a washing machine. Therefore, modern waterless devices were swept aside without regret.

Everything is in order with the water supply: there is a well on the site with pumping station... It is only necessary to solve the problem of sewage, and you can arrange a full-fledged bathroom in the house.

Again, we consider two standard methods:

• Shambo or cesspool without a bottom with liquid filtration into the ground. It's like we have. The walls of the well are made of concrete rings or brickwork, the bottom is covered with coarse gravel. The use of the same preparations with live bacteria once or twice a year allows avoiding calling the sewers, or at least doing it every few years. Since they turn everything into a liquid and well clean the walls and bottom of the shambo from muddy deposits, you don't have to worry about pumping out for a very long time.

• Septic tank. Consists of two containers dug into the ground. The instructions for its device also provide for the use of chemical or biological decomposition of excrement and other solid waste in the first sealed container. From it, liquid effluents are poured through a pipe into a filter well, and from there they seep into the ground or are discharged into a sewer.

In either case, all the drains from plumbing fixtures are collected in the house at one point and discharged into the receiver through a sewer pipe that runs underground below the level of its freezing.

And again, both options are not suitable for us due to the small size of the site, on which "food" grows everywhere. According to sanitary standards, the distance from the septic tank or cesspool to the water source should be at least 20 meters, and to the plantings used for food and fruit trees - 5 meters. The same amount - to the border with the neighboring site. So in our case, we could not stand them.

A septic tank would be suitable, since waste in a sealed container cannot penetrate the soil in any way, but for its device it would be necessary to dig up the floor of the site, damaging trees and bushes, destroying paths. Therefore, if you are just starting to build a country house and improve the site, plan "convenience" immediately, there will be fewer problems in the future.

And we had to "look for the fifth corner." That is, some other option, which would take into account all the initial data and the wishes of the owners of the dacha. And such a solution, which is a kind of mix of all the described methods, was found.

Need for invention is cunning

At the dacha, in addition to a home one, you also need an outdoor toilet, so as not to drag dust and dirt into the room, if you suddenly "itch" during digging, weeding or watering. Still looking for a place for him? No, thank you.

Having arranged a collective brainstorming session, we found a simple, but very successful solution, and then all together with our own hands and implemented it. I will describe in order.

• We bought three meter concrete rings;
• They dug a hole three and a half meters deep and a little more than the diameter of the rings;
• At the bottom of the pit, coarse gravel with a layer thickness of 15-20 cm was poured and rings were installed without sealing the joints between them. And holes were made in the bottom;

• The space between the walls of the well and the soil was also covered with gravel;
• A plastic container was lowered into the well, making only one small hole in the upper part of the wall;
• The sewer pipe was taken out of the house so that the drain from it was above a plastic container filled up to the hole with water with a biological product with live bacteria dissolved in it;
• The well was covered with a concrete cover with two holes - a large and a small one. And on it they installed an outdoor toilet with a country toilet exactly above the large opening. A small pipe with a lid was inserted into the small one to check the liquid level in the well.

How it works? It's very simple: all the waste of human life from the house and street toilet goes straight into a container with an active liquid, which decomposes and disinfects them.

So that the concentration of the solution remains working, and not yet "digested" feces do not overflow, and a hole is made through which only liquid can pour out. The distance from it to the upper edge allows you to make several descents from the toilet in a row or take a shower.

The processed liquid without solid inclusions pouring out from the inner tank enters the well and seeps into the lower layers of the soil through the bottom. Only in spring, during a flood, the water rises a maximum of half a meter (it was checked with a long rod through a revision pipe), but quickly finds a way out through holes in the walls.

Of course the concentration of active substances in the plastic barrel must be maintained at a levelotherwise the system will not work as expected. This is also done very simply: a small amount of a biological product is periodically poured into the toilet and washed off. One and a half liter bottle is enough for 1-3 months: in summer, when permanent residence, more is spent, less in winter.

Over the past two years, there have been no problems using the system. But if you suddenly need to pump out liquid from a plastic container, this can be done through a wide and straight opening in the country toilet.

After all the work was completed, a nice "corner of thought" appeared on the site, planted with flowers on three sides. And, what is pleasant, there is no unpleasant smell in it even in the heat - the Bioclever preparation works just fine. And even more so in the house.

And you don't have to worry about soil contamination, don't think about when it is time to empty the tank or pump out the well. In any case, it has not been necessary so far.

Finally

August 5, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

We could not get around this topic for summer residents. It’s a pity we didn’t touch it earlier. Of course, I do not think that women will deal with these issues, but so that your men can do it competently - this publication.

Sewerage of a country house

At the dacha, the problem of waste disposal becomes acute when there is no way to connect your country house to the central wastewater collection system, and living in the house is approaching year-round. Obviously, equipping an outdoor toilet and a portable washbasin in the kitchen will not solve the problem. In this case, it makes sense to equip the house with a local sewage system.

Before deciding how the sewerage system of your private house will be arranged and which treatment system, septic tank to give preference to, you should determine the location of the local treatment facilities on the site.

External local sewerage: location
If your region does not have its own standards, then SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations" should be followed. The norms for organizing sewerage in the document are set out quite clearly and intelligibly. So, in accordance with the requirements of this regulatory act sewage treatment plant closed type should be located at a distance from residential buildings at least 50 m. Comparing these parameters with the dimensions of an average site, it turns out that the organization of VOC is not always possible in principle. Also, the high level groundwater puts an end to this venture. What then is the possible way out?

Affordable and real sewerage of a private house
Two of the most realistic and most commonly used options: a highly purified septic tank or a sealed large-volume tank for collecting fecal waste.

Device autonomous sewerage by installing a septic wastewater treatment system - high-tech and modern solution organization of the sewer network. However, this is a very expensive business and not everyone can afford it. An alternative way out is a container in the form of a spent barrels from under fuels and lubricants or other similar large-sized containers. Since the volume that an ordinary fecal machine can pump out at a time is 3 cubic meters. m, it is desirable that the container size is at least 3 cubic meters. meters. Locate a collection point for faecal waste summer cottage it is necessary in such a way as to provide a quick and convenient access to the vacuum truck.

As an illustrative example, the installation of such a tank with a volume of 5 cubic meters on a site with a high groundwater level is presented below.

The device of the simplest fecal sewerage
In the example under consideration, it was decided to use a thick-walled steel tank from under fuels and lubricants with a volume of 5 cubic meters as a septic tank. Outside, the container is carefully processed with bituminous mastic. For these purposes, you can use automotive anti-corrosion compounds. This is how the barrel looked like for sewage after treatment with bitumen mastic.



You need to prepare a pit for a container. The size should be chosen so that the barrel is completely immersed in it. It is necessary to take into account the depth of the drainage system insertion into the barrel. It is best to keep the inset level as high as possible. Thus, the risk of mains freezing in winter is much less.

The container is lowered to the bottom of the pit with a crane.



To secure the container, it must be installed next to the barrel on both sides foundation blocks, through the loops of which to throw steel annealed wire rod with a diameter of 8-10 mm and pull the container with it.

In this case, there were no blocks, but there were two fragments of the road slab, which were laid on top of the container and thus loaded it by 8 tons. Empty container weight - about 1.5 tons. The total is 9.5 tons, which is twice its displacement. This is a guarantee that it will not be displaced by the soil in winter. After these works are completed, you can start laying the external highway.

Gasket external network sewer pipes
Gasket outdoor sewerage begins only after the collection tank is installed. The first step is to dig a trench for laying sewer pipes. When designing a sewage system, a simple rule should be taken into account - fewer bends - less chance of blockages. If it is not possible to connect the point of exit from the house with the point of entry of the pipe into the container in a straight line, then it is better to provide an intermediate sewer well with a hatch similar to those that can be found in cities.

In the example under consideration, the distance of the container from the point of exit from the house was 21 meters. This is due to the need to remove it from the neighbor's well by 30 m, as well as from its own water well. The trench was dug by an excavator in advance and then worked manually to the required slope. To determine the slope of the trench, you need to proceed from a standard value of at least 1 degree. That is, on 21 m of the trench, it will be necessary to set a slope relative to the point of release from the house of at least 20 cm, but it is better to make the slope more. In this project, it is set unevenly. At the outlet from the house, the first 4 meters of the pipe run with a slope of 15 degrees, and the rest of the pipeline - 5 degrees. This is due to the aforementioned soil characteristics.

In order to protect sewer pipes the "sandwich" technology is used against freezing. On plastic pipe Foam polyethylene insulation is put on, and then the entire assembly is placed in an asbestos-cement pipe. This process is shown in the following photos.





Pipe assembly starts from the container. A hole is made in it at the design point, where the first asbestos-cement pipe is inserted. She is given a slope in accordance with the planned value.

Then, two plastic pipes are inserted into the first asbestos-cement pipe, with insulation on them, pre-connected to each other. The next two pipes are inserted in this way into a free asbestos-cement pipe and joined with the previous one, not forgetting to connect the asbestos pipes together through a coupling. This continues until the entire line is assembled.

The insulated "sandwich" is brought into the basement of the house through its technological hole and goes into the riser equipped with a revision. Then the funnel pipe is wrapped under the floor slab and goes to the pipe for internal wiring... The transition begins with a T-piece in which a vacuum valve is installed. The pipe under the ceiling runs at a slope and is additionally fastened with a homemade welded clamp on two anchor bolts... After that, the pipe is fed to the place of the projected installation of the toilet bowl, except for which no other plumbing equipment (if there are no other toilet bowls) can not be connected to it!





The further procedure for work is the same as in a conventional high-rise building - installing a toilet, connecting it to a water supply and a sewer outlet. The toilet is needed with two flushing modes - normal and economical. The toilet system (installed or normal) does not matter, but it must be from a very good manufacturer, shut-off valves which would exclude the slightest leak for many years. After all, the speed of filling the container depends on this, and therefore costs.

Conclusion. Some helpful tips
Local sewerage installation is a very time-consuming and capital-intensive business. It, like any other, has its own subtleties that simplify the work. Here are some tips to help you increase productivity and avoid blunders:

1. Sewer pipes, especially of large diameter, are difficult to plant on rubber gaskets, without which the joint will lose its tightness. To make this operation easy, you need to coat the gasket with either silicone or a grease that does not corrode rubber (for example, grease for CV joints) before connecting the pipes;

2. Asbestos-cement pipes are connected by plastic couplings. To avoid problems with their installation, the couplings must be kept in boiling water or very hot water. Then they become elastic and pipes can be easily inserted into them;

3. The use of bacterial preparations for closed-type septic tanks contributes to the disappearance of odors, and deep processing of organic matter with sedimentation of sludge to the bottom. Due to this, in some areas, you can pump out clarified water yourself;

4. Together with the fecal sewerage device, build an ordinary outdoor toilet on the site, which would be intended for guests in the warm season - this will save the resource of the tank and insure in case of malfunctions;

5. According to the law of communicating vessels, the liquid in them is established at the same level. If the container is practically full, then water will stagnate in the line. Avoid filling to this level during the cold season. The line will not freeze if there is no liquid in it;

6. Never throw into the toilet toilet paper! Cellulose is not processed by septic bacteria!

Toilet for a summer residence

One of the most important buildings in the country is the toilet. It is not for nothing that it is called "dacha building No. 1", because the construction of a dacha toilet begins, as a rule, immediately after the acquisition of a suburban area. There can be several options for arranging a toilet: it can be a dry closet or a chemical toilet, a toilet with cesspool or with a sealed feces container, a fully functional toilet with a drain. From the point of view of organizing home life - the toilet in the house is undoubtedly the most the best way... Civilized, clean, tidy and maximum convenience. But country toilet number 1 is a completely different kind of building.

This is a free-standing building made on the principle of a utility block or a change house. You can buy a ready-made toilet cubicle, or you can make it yourself. As a rule, the construction of a toilet for a summer residence comes down to making a light columnar foundation and raising timber frame... Manufacturing of great complexity wooden structure does not cause: the toilet cubicle is rolled from the boards, and the lid is covered with slate or roofing material. It is much more important to choose the right place for the toilet and think over the system of cesspool and disposal. Country-type toilets can be roughly divided into two subtypes. The first type is the so-called "Powder closets", the other is a toilet with a cesspool.

Country toilet type powder closet
This type of toilet for a summer residence is the simplest and most hygienic. There is no cesspool in the device of such a toilet. The reservoir for collecting fecal waste is a tank (bucket) or box, which is placed under the toilet seat (seat). To eliminate unpleasant odors, as well as contribute to the formation of colonies of microorganisms for the decomposition of waste, the sewage is covered with peat or sawdust (ash and dry soil are also suitable) with a layer of about 1 cm.When the tank is full, its contents are piled into a compost heap to obtain fertilizers. When building a toilet with a collection container, the top panel of the toilet seat or part of the wall is made removable (see the toilet diagram on the right).

Country toilet with a cesspool
The construction of such a toilet for a summer residence should be approached more carefully. If the depth of groundwater is more than 2.5 m, and the soils are sandy and sandy loam, then the cesspool can be made in the form of a simple absorbing pit with a filtering bottom. Otherwise, the cesspool should be waterproof, with waterproofing of the walls and bottom. The cesspool should be at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the boundaries of the site, 12 m from housing and 25-30 m from wells and water wells. If the site is sloping, the toilet should be located on a hill. A hole is dug at least 1.5 m.

The walls and floor of the pit are laid out with bricks or other waterproof building material (the concrete base is poured). A hatch is made on top of the cesspool (behind the back wall of the toilet) through which it will be possible to clean the pit. You can clean the pit both yourself and order a cleaning service. You can foresee in advance the approach to the cesspool of the sewer truck, since you will have to clean the waterproof pit quite often. How often depends on the type of latrine and the volume of the pit (see the left for a detailed diagram of a toilet with a cesspool).

Now on sale you can find special complexes with microorganisms, which greatly simplified the work of the summer resident. Microorganisms contribute to the speedy conversion of waste into compost, eliminate odors and increase the useful life of the cesspool.

Building a toilet with a flush in the country is not as difficult a task as it seems at first glance. To do this, you just need to install the usual structure for a street bathroom, where the toilet is installed, to which you need to supply water.

Choosing a place to install a bathroom

When arranging a cesspool for draining waste from a toilet in the country, you must adhere to the requirements of regulatory documents, which provide:

• the distance to the source of drinking water should be at least 20 m, and in the presence of sandy and other loose soils, it increases to 50 m;
• the distance from residential buildings should be 10-12 m;
• there should be a distance of 1-2 m to the fence on the site;
• fruit trees are recommended to be planted no closer than 4 m;
• the distance to the road is at least 5 m.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only the structures that are located on a specific summer cottage, but also neighboring buildings.

Cesspool for the bathroom

If set to outdoor toilet to give plums, you need to more carefully choose and equip a cesspool. Its volume should be such that it does not pump out the accumulated liquid too often. On average, in a dacha, where 2-4 people live, there is enough cesspool with a filtration bottom and walls. In this case, it is not necessary to frequently pump out waste. To equip it, you must perform the following steps:

• You need to dig a hole 2-2.5 m deep and 1x1 m in size.
• Lay a 15 cm layer of rubble at the bottom of the pit. Tamp it thoroughly.
• Fill in a 15 cm layer of sand.
• Lay the walls with red brick or rubble stone. You can use old material that was left after dismantling unnecessary buildings. To connect the elements, use a conventional cement-sand mortar. Leave a 1-2 cm gap between the bricks to filter liquid from the toilet in the country.
• Alternatively, you can use a large-volume plastic container, in which you need to cut the bottom and make holes in its walls.
• The cesspool should rise 15 cm above the ground to prevent water from entering the site.
• Fill the space between the walls and the soil with rubble 2/3 of the height. Close to the surface, use sand, which must be carefully tamped.
• Cover the cesspool with a concrete slab lid and provide an opening for connecting sewer pipes to drain the waste.

When using a completely sealed cesspool for a bathroom for a summer cottage where there is a drain, you need to use reinforced concrete rings or a structure made of monolithic concrete or brick with waterproofing. In this case, it is necessary to pump out the accumulated liquid several times a year, but you do not have to worry about contamination of groundwater.

This is especially true for areas where they are located at a shallow depth of 2.5 m or more.

Building a toilet

Organization of the sewerage system

From the toilet in the country, which has a drain, you need to organize sewerage system... This can be done from pipes with a diameter of 50-100 mm. It is best to use PVC elements that are not rotting, durable, easy to install and inexpensive. Also, such a system can be easily repaired if necessary. Install them at a slight incline of about 20%. To prevent the sewer pipes from freezing in winter, insulate them with any material with low thermal conductivity.

If there is a large volume of waste water, it is necessary to equip a septic tank with several containers. You can also additionally use drugs with special microorganisms that break down biological material. As a result, solid particles settle at the bottom of the first tank, and the liquid component moves to another tank, which I do without a bottom. In this case, clean water is absorbed into the soil, which does not pollute the environment.

Sewerage laying

Stages of building an outdoor bathroom

It is possible to build a toilet in the country, which has a drain, if you adhere to the following work technology:

Internal arrangement of a street bathroom

After installing the toilet booth, proceed with its internal arrangement:

• Lay sewer pipes to the septic tank, which will need to be subsequently connected to the toilet in order to drain waste.
• Fill cement screed to a height of 15-20 cm. Reinforce it with a metal mesh.
• Install the toilet. Use a small 50 L plastic drum for the tank, which is placed under the ceiling. To drain, you just need to open the ball valve with the handle. In this case, the water will be enough for 15-25 flushes, which will be enough for a day for a family of 3-4 people.
• Run electricity inside the outdoor bathroom. Install a 40W lamp.
• Inside the outside bathroom, you can additionally install a small washbasin, which you can also attach to this cesspool and a water supply tank.
• Use 4 planks to put together a box, which is installed on the back wall of the bathroom. It should come out through the opening in the roof. In this way, you can arrange ventilation and there will be no unpleasant odor in the room.
• Paint all surfaces inside and outside the structure with paint or apply a moisture-resistant varnish.